f-/>r^ •\^,?J ■f':.-- ^^r V >■//;.<"'/■ I ' t ' ■ ■ It V A HYMENOMYCETES BRITANNICI Pleniorem dabit lucem futura aetas." amenomgctttis Britannici BRITISH FUNGI \ »• f^ A (H YMENOM YCE TES ) ^ O T 4 1^ i c t , REV. JOHN STEVENSON BY AUTHOR OF ' MVCOLOGIA SCOTICA ' HON. SEC. CRYPTOGAM IC SOCIETY OF SCOTLAND WI TH IL LUSTRA TIONS IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. I. AGARICUS— BOLBITIUS WILLIAM BLACKWOOD AND SONS EDINBURGH AND LONDON MDCCCLXXXVI All Rights reserved • V . 573 PREFACE. There is no royal road to the knowledge of Fungi ; and it is impossible, with any regard to scientific accuracy, to avoid the use of language which at first sight may be repellent. It need not, however, be so in reality. The careful mastery of a few scientific terms by the aid of the Glossary (end of vol. ii.) will enable those who have not hitherto studied the subject to use the descriptions, not only with ease, but with much greater satisfaction in the identification of species. This is particularly the case in regard to Edible and Poisonous species. Any description of general appearance, which omitted scientific details, might be most misleading. The species must be care- fully identified by means of the descriptions.^ Comparatively few of the Agarics are used as food. Probably a much larger number are either edible or harmless. It has been usual in the descriptive literature of Mycology to give a diagnosis^ followed by a description of each species. This may be a convenient method in letterpress to illustra- tions ; but in a work designed for practical use, it involves extensive repetition. I am aware that the departure from this method will touch existing prejudice; but it seems desirable ^ Those who desire to become fungus-eaters are recommended to obtain Mr Worthington G. Smith's 'Mushrooms and Toadstools,' published by Hardwicke & Bogue at is. Its use along with scientific descriptions should avert the possibility of danger. VI PREFACE. to avoid repetition to the extent of one-third or one-half in the account of each species, and thereby to secure space for fuller description. Moreover, the diagnosis is not lost. From the arrangement which is adopted in printing, the student, if he is a student at all, can at a glance pick it out for himself. The volumes are founded chiefly on Fries's ' Hymenomy- cetes Europaei ' and ' Monographia Hymenomycetum Suecias.' The former contains the latest arrangement of genera and species ; the latter the more detailed descriptions. ' Mono- graphia ' is now exceedingly rare, only a hundred copies having been originally printed ; and I have carefully embodied from it all that it is of importance for the student to possess. In some minute details reference has been made to the older works of Fries ; and in such cases the critical student must compare these, in order to judge of the interpretation which has been given. The works which contain the views of Berkeley are ' English Flora,' vol. 5 ; ' Outlines of British Fungology ; ' and the long series of " Notices of British Fungi," published by Berkeley and Broome in the ' Annals and Maga- zine of Natural History.' In giving references it has not been found possible to go beyond more recent works and illustrations. Any exhaustive treatment of synonyms, &c., would make the present volumes undesirably large for practical use. Other references will be found in ' Hymenomycetes Europaei,' a work which is certain to be in the hands of any one who will enter minutely into this part of the subject. I have included only species which are undoubtedly British. Several have been omitted as apparently of exotic origin ; some have been excluded as determined upon insufficient grounds ; a few cannot be accepted without verification. The tendency in recent years has been to multiply species unnecessarily, and ultimately many so-called species must disappear. The prun- ing -knife must be unsparingly used ; but this must be the work of a Congress of Cryptogamic Botanists, not of individual authors. PREFACE. Vll As far as space would admit, comparisons between different species, in appearance, affinity, &c., have been noted. These will often be found to be of great value in the identification of species. Observations (under the line which records habitats, &c.) other than my own bear the initials of their authors. The claims of space have necessarily made these very brief. The spore-measurements are those of Berkeley (M.J.B.), Berkeley and Broome (B. & Br.), Britzelmayer (B.), Karsten (K.), Phillips (W.P.), Plowright (C.B.P.), and Worthington Smith (W.G.S.) Of the illustrations, it is sufficient to say that they are the work of Mr Worthington Smith. All the original coloured drawings, life - size, as well as actual examples, are in the British Museum, Natural History Department, South Ken- sington, where they may be seen by any one who desires to examine them ; and I desire to express our special obligation to Dr Carruthers for the trouble and care he has taken in arranging them for future reference. It is impossible to acknowledge in detail, as I could have wished, the assistance I have received in the preparation of the work ; but it is with unfeigned pleasure that I desire to record my special obligation to the Rev. M. J. Berkeley, Rev. Canon Du Port, Rev. Dr Keith, Rev. David Paul, W. Phillips, C. B. Plowright, and Worthington G. Smith. We have had many discussions. Sometimes we have differed in opinion. Mpre frequently we have agreed. The results are in the hands of critics. In interpreting the mind of Fries, serious differences will be found between the descriptions contained in the present work and many which have been published in ' Grevillea.' I can only request that, before deciding between them, scholars will examine and compare the descriptions of Fries in the original language. J. S. Glamis, 1886. HYMENOMYCETES. The Hymenomycetes (so called from the hyme7iiiim or fruit-bear- ing surface) include most of the larger Fungi, The common Mushroom may be taken as the type, as all the members of the Family bear more or less resemblance to it in organisation and reproduction. The plant consists of the mycelium, the recep- tacle, and the reproductive organs. The Mycelium, or body resulting from germination of spores (popularly known as "spawn") gives rise to a Receptacle upon which the Spores, or reproductive bodies, are produced. In the case of the mushroom — e.g., what is popularly known as the fungus, consisting of a stem, pileus, and gills, is only the receptacle. The reproductive bodies are situated on the hymenium, which, in the case of the mushroom, is spread over the gills or plates on the lower surface of the pileus. On the hymenium are produced sporopho7-es (basidia) which bear at the apex, usually in groups of four, either slightly stalked or sessile spores. On germinating the spores give rise to a new mycelium, which in its turn develops the spore-producing part of the plant. The Hymenomycetes vary in their substance, being fleshy, or woody, or gelatinous. They are divided into the following six orders : — A. HYMENIUM FIGURATE. I. Spread over the surface of lamella or gills = Agaricini. ^ ' ^, II. Lining the interior of tubes or pores = Polyporei. 'V i^ ^ ^ ^K^ I C> III. Clothing the surface of spines or protuberances of various forms = Hydnei. Si^ n . '^-'^l B. HYMENIUM EVEN. IV. Horizontal and mostly on the under surface = Thelephorei. ^ ^ 3-. ^^ V. Vertical and produced all over the surface = Clavariei. - • . -2^^ VI. Superior; gelatinous fungi = Tremellini. , . lo'^ AGARICUS. ORDER I.— AGARICINL In the Agaricini the hymenium is spread over lamellse or gills, which radiate from a centre or stem. The gills are composed of a double membrane, and are simple or branched. No type in the vegetable world has shown greater diversity of form. Genus I. — Agaricus L. (The name is said to be derived from Agaria, a region of Sar- matia.) — The following are the distinguishing features of this large genus : Gills membranaceous, scissile, acute at the edge, persistent, concrete by the somewhat floccose trama with the inferior hymenophore. Veil various, but never in the form of a spider-web when universal. Spores separating from the sporo- phores, and falling off, hence the gills are not cinnamon-pulver- ulent as in the Cortinarii. Fleshy or j?tenibra?iaceoiis, putrescent ajid not revivi7ig when once dried 2ip. Fr. Hyin. Fur. p. 17. The genus Agaricus is divided into five series, which are de- termined by the colour of the spores. These are white, pink, brown, purple, and black. The white-spored species are the high- est in type, being firmer and more persistent than those which have coloured spores. In these last there is a greater tendency to deliquesce, especially in the case of the black-spored Agarics. Series I. LEUCOSPORI (Xew/cd?, white, aTrSpos, seed). Spores white, rarely whitish (dingy or inclining to reddish), globose, ovate or oblong, simple, even, very rarely rough. Fr. Hyni. E2ir. p. 17. Subgenus I. AMANITA (a name given to some esculent fungi by Galen, perhaps from Mount Amanus.) Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 12. Universal veil {volvd) which is at first continuous (completely enveloping the young plant) distinct from the epidermis of the pileus. Hymenophore distinct from the stem. All growing o?i the ground. Fr. Hy?n. Eur. p. 17. Some of the Amanitas are edible, others very poisonous. /. Aga ricus (A ma nit a ) in nscariits . One-quarter natural size. A. Ring manifest, superior. * Volva bursting at the top or splitting all round, leaving a free peisistent border at the base. Whole fundus at first enclosed in the volva, which is con- LEUCOSPORI. 3 nate with the base of the stem, but only nestling in it and distinct from it. Amanita. Pileus naked or clothed with broad membranaceous patches of the volva. ** Volva splitting regularly all round, the base marginate and persistent, the calyptra (hood) broken up into thick warts on the pileus. Volva adnate, at first enclosing the whole fungus, but the pileus is raised above the base of the stem and distinct from it, and therefore when it expands, the volva being adnate is necessarily split round about between their margins. *** Whole volva friable, broken 7ip i?ito small scales or warts, and not per- sistent at the base of the stem, which is therefore altogether homogeneous and immarginate. Base of the stem somewhat rooted, growing in the ground and not within the v^olva, at first globoso-bulbous, but in various species depressed above by the pressure of the margin of the pileus ; as the stem lengthens, the bulb is more and more effaced. The pileus at the very first appears as a small ball above the distinct base of the stem. The veil is generally rather thin, and hence in moist weather the fragments of it on the pileus appear as irregular, floccoso-mealy patches, which are easily brushed off, but in dry weather they assume the form of minute adherent warts with blackish scorched points. In some species the volva is thicker, and the warts even in moist weather are polygonal. ****■ Volva quite rudimentary, Jlocculose, wholly disappearing. Stem at first lengthened out, and hence the base is never depressed. There is more frequently no trace of the universal veil ; the partial one however forming a superior ring and the distinct hymenophore distinguish the group from the Armillariae. B. Ring obliterated or wanting. A. RING MANIFEST. SUPERIOR. ■^ Volva bursti7ig at the top, &^c. 1. A. virosus Fr. — Wholly shining white. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, fleshy, at first conical a?td acute, afterwards cam- panulate then expanded, naked, viscous in wet weather, shining when dr}^ inarghi always even, but most frequently uiiequal repa?td 2iT\d inflexed ; flesh white, unchangeable. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, wholly stuffed, almost solid, split up into longi- tudinal fibrils, cylindrical from the bulbous base, often compressed at the apex, torii into scales on the surface, springing from a lax, wide, thick volva, which bursts open at the apex. Ring apical, lax, silky, splitting up into floccose fragments. Gills free, thin, linear-lanceolate but a little broader in front, not decurrent on the stem (although the apex of the stem is often striate), crowded, somewhat floccose at the edge. The pilei are most frequently oblique, extended and lobed on one side as in Hygrophorus conic us, scarcely ever depressed. The pileus rarely becomes yellow. The fragments of the veil often adhere to the edge of the gills. In woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Foetid, poisonous. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 10-16 mk. K.; 8 mk. W.P. Name — virus, poison, stink. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 3. Hym. Fur. p. 4 AGARICUS. Amanita. i8. Sverig. dtl. och. gift. Svamp. t. 84. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1 88 1, /, 33. C. Illust. PI. I, 2. A. phalloides Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, com- monly shining white or lemon-yellow, fleshy, ovato-campaiiiilate, then expanded, obtuse, covered over with a pellicle which is viscid (not glutinous) in wet weather, naked, rarely sprinkled with one or two fragments of the volva, the regular margin eveji. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, i cent. (X in.) and more thick, solid downwards, bulbous, hollow and attenuated upwards, rather s7?iooth, white. Ring superior, reflexed, slightly striate, swollen, commonly entire, white. Volva more or less buried in the soil, bulbous, semifree, bursting open in a torn manner at the apex, with a lax border. Gills free, ventricose 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, shining white. * Pileus very variable in colour, commonly white {Bolt. t. 48. Gonn. ^ Rab. t. 10. f. I.), or yellow (A. citrina a Pers.), becoming green {^Fl. Dan. t. 1246), green (Am. viridis Pers.), olivaceous {Kt'ombh. t. 69. f. 10-17), and occasion- ally variegated with tiger spots ; in late autumn with the disc almost black but whitish round the margin. Odour somewhat foetid, but little remarkable as compared with that of ^. virosus. In woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Avery poisonous and dangerous species. Spores 8-9 mk. W.G.S. 8-10 mk. B. Name — a^/.«r/y- split, somewhat obliterated ; the globoso-bulbous base connate LEUCOSPORI. 5 with the stem, with an acute and distant margin ; the calyptra Amanita, covering the pileus divided into broad, irregular, somewhat separating scales. Gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, shining white. Odour stinking. The colour is that of A. phalloides {Curt. Land. t. 32 and Sow. t. 286 figure both under the same name), less changeable, commonly white Price f. 66, with which -A. virosa Gonn. &= Rab. t. 9. /. i. exactly agrees, more rarely straw colour, Nees Syst. f. 165, lemon-yellow Gonn. &• Rab. t. 11. f. 1, becoming green Krombh. t. 28./. 11, 12. In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Poisonous. Spores sphasroid, 7-10 mk. K. 8-9 x 6-8 mk. B. Name— mappa, a napkin. From the volva. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 5. Hyjn. Eur. p. 19. Berk. Out. p. 90. C. Hbk. n. 6. Illusi. PI. 4. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 3. A. bulbosus Bull. t. 577./. D.G.H.M. A. citrino-albus Vittad. t. 11. Am. venenosa Pers. Cha?np. cotnest. t. 2. Paul. Ch. t. 158. b. smaller and with- out warts : Schceff. t. 241. ■^■^ Volva splitting regularly all rotind, &^c. 4. A. muscarius Linn. — Pileus lo cent. (4 in.) and more broad, normally at first blood - red, soon orange and becom- ing pale, whitening when old, globose, then convex and at length flattened, covered with a pellicle which is at first thick, and in wet weather gliitijious, but which gradually disappears, and sprinkled with thick, angular, separating fragments of the volva ; margi?i when full grown slightly striate; flesh not compact, white, yellow U7ider the pellicle. Stem as much as a span long, shining white, firm, torn into scales, at first stuffed with lax, spider-web fibrils, soon hollow; the ad?iate base of the volva forms an ovate bulb, which is marginate with concentric scales. Ring very soft, torn, even, inserted at the apex of the stem, which is often dilated. Gills free, but reaching the stem, decurrent in the form of lines, crowded, broader in front, white, rarely becoming yellow. Var. regalis, twice as large, stem stuffed, solid wheii yotmg, as much as 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) thick, becoming light yellow within ; the volva terminates in 8-10 concentric squamoso-reflexed rows of scales ; pileus very glutinous, bay-brown, or the colour of cooked liver ; gills yellowish. Var. formosa, soft, fragile ; pileus at first lemon-yellow, with mealy, lax, yel- lowish, easily separating warts, often naked ; gills often becoming yellow. A. formosa Gonn. &f Rab. t. lo.f. 2, with the warts rubbed off. Var. umbrina, thinner and more slender ; stem hollow, often twisted, bulb narrowed ; pileus at first umber then livid, with exception of the disc which is fuscous ; gills at length remote. Viv. Ital. t. 26. In woods, chiefly birch and fir. Common. July-Nov. Easily identified by its orange pileus, more or less covered with white warts, and pure white stem and gills. Spores sphseroid-eUipsoid, 10-12x8-9 mk. 6 AGARICUS. Amanita. K. ; 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Very poisonous {Clus. Pern. g. xiii. 4. Sterb. t. 28 A — C). Producing intoxication, delirium, and death. Used in Kamt- chatka as a narcotic. Name — musca, a fly. Called Fly Agaric, from the use of the decoction as a fly-poison. Li?in. Fl. Suec. 1235. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 7. Hym. Eur. p. 20. Berk. Out. p. 90. C. Hbk. n. 7. Illust. PL 117. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 4. Grev. t. 54. Hussey t. i. Kronibh. t. 9. Vittad. t. 5. Sv. Bot. t. 108. Fr. Sverig at I. o. gift. Sv. t. i. Viv. Ital. t. 29. Hartz. t. i. Hoffm. Ic. ati. t. i. Paul. t. 157. Smaller, without warts; SchcBff. t. 28. B. b= Br. n. 1500*. A. puella Gonti. 6^ Rab. t. -j.f. 2. 5. A. pantherinus D.C. — Pileus commonly olivaceous-umber when young, fleshy, convex then flattened or somewhat depressed, with a viscous pellicle, which is at first thick and olivaceous- fuscous, then thinned out, almost disappearing and livid, the disc only becoming fuscous ; margin evide?ttly striate; the frag- ments of the volva divided into small, equal, white, regularly arranged, moderately persistent warts ; Jlesh wholly white, never yellow beneath the pellicle. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (^ in.) thick, at first stuffed then hollow with spider-web fibrils within, equal or attenuated upwards, slightly firm and sometimes squamulose downwards, g7'ea7)ed at the base by the separable volva whicJi has an e7itire and obtuse nia?^gi7t. Ring more or less distant, adhering obliquely, white, rarely superior. Gills free, reaching the stem, broader in front, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, shining white. Flesh of the pileus thinner than in neighbouring species. So like var. urn- brijia o( A. muscarius that Persoon, Secretan, and other colourists have con- founded them, but very different from it (in the order of nature intermediate as it were between A. stratjgulatus and A. aridiis, and truly abnormal in this group) ; for the base of the circularly ruptured volva indeed forms a sheath adnate to the stc7n, but is separable from it, and marked by a proper obtuse continuous margi?i, and not furnished with the concentric scales of the rest. It is readily distinguished from A. muscarius var. umbrina by the white flesh never becoming yellow beneath the pellicle. Variable in size and colour, which, however, is never red or yellow, and in the position of the ring. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Solitary. Pileus 10 cent. (4 in.) broad ; when dry soft to the touch like kid- leather. M.J.B. Poisonous. Spores 7-8x4-5 mk. K. ; 6-10 mk. B. ; 8x4 mk. W.G.S. '^vaxx^— pantherinus, spotted like a panther. Dec. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 9. Hym. Eur. p. 21. Be>-k. Out. p. 90. C. Hbk. n. 9. Hlust. PL 2. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 5. Fl. Dan. t. 191 1./. 2 young. Vittad. Fung, niang. t. 39. Krombh. t. 29./". 10-13. Paul. Champ, t. 160, f. 2. Viv. t. 26. Schceff. t. 90. 6. A. excelsus Fr.— Pileus 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, fus- coits-grey, darker in the centre, fleshy, soft, globose then plane, pellicle thin, but viscous and in reality separable in wet weather, then the surface is often writikled-papHlose, or in a peculiar man- ner hollowed and pitted, sprinkled with angular, unequal, whitish- LEUCOSPORI, 7 grey, easily separating warts, the remains of the friable volva ; Amanita, margin at first even, but when properly developed manifestly striate, even sulcate ; flesh soft, white throughout, unchangeable. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, at first stuffed, almost solid, but at length hollow, globoso-depressed at the base, attenuated upwards from the bulb, covered, sometimes as far as the ring, sometimes only on the lower part, with de?zse, squarrose, cojtce?ttric scales (from the epidermis of the stem being torn), striate at the apex. Ring superior, large, separating-free or at length torn. Gills quite free, rounded (not decurrent on the stem in the form of lines), very ventricose, 12 mm. (>2 in.) and more broad, shining white. The bulb ivhen young is somewhat margifiate, but by no means separable, the margin proper Uke that of A. muscarius is marked with scales, buried in the soil, somewhat rooting, beneath the margin marked here and there with a concentric furrow. The shorter gills intermixed are more numerous than is usual among ^waz/Z/f?. There is a smaller variety, with the margin more frequently striate, and the stem stuffed then hollow. Paul. t. 159. f. i, 2. Krombh. t. 29. y. 14. In woods, chiefly under beech. Frequent. July-Oct. Solitary. Taste not unpleasant, but poisonous. Spores 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Name — excelsus, tall. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 8. Hym. Eur. p. 21. Berk. Out. p. 91. t. -3^. f. 3. C. Hbk. n. 8. Illust. PI. 7. S. Mycol. Sc^'t. n. 6. Kro)nbh. t. 29./". 14-17. Letell. Suppl. t. 40. Am. pantherina Gonn. &• Pab. t. i. and A. excelsa /. 8./! i. without warts. Paul. t. 159. {Bolt. t. 47 very bad.) 7. A. strobiliformis Vitt. — Pileus white, becoming cinereous, convex then expanded, pelliculose, the margin, which extends be- yond the gills, even, warts hard, angular, and closely adnate ; flesh compact and white. Stem solid, floccoso-scaly, thickening down- wards into an underground bulb, which is acutely 7)iarginate with (i, 2) co?tce?ttric furrows. Ring torn. Gills rounded-free. Grassy borders of woods. Rare. July-Sept. Pileus when young subglobose, bulb of the stem conical below, rooting, its border sometimes incised all round, sometimes even, floccose above to the edge of the pileus ; scales of pileus large, wart-like, with a brown disc and white floccose border, at length falling off. Pileus when expanded 8 or 9 inches across, at length quite smooth ; margin extending beyond the gills. Stem 6- 7 inches high, 1%, inch thick, firm, solid ; bulb not properly scaly ; veil large ; gills rounded behind, the shorter ones denticulate at the base. Smell and taste at first slight, at length disagreeable. Too much stress nmst not be laid upon the incision of the bulb, or its scales, for neither character is constant. B. &^ Br. Spores 8 x 14 mk. W. G. S. According to Worthington Smith its esculent qualities are of a high order, but its rarity makes it of little value. Name — strobilus, a pine-cone. From the supposed similarity of the warts to the scales of a pine-cone. Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 9. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 21. B. 6^ Br. n. 662. Berk. Out. p. 90. t. 3./". 2, very young. C. Hbk. n. 10. Illust. PI. 8. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 7. Veiitur. t. 4. A. solitarius Bull. t. 593. Paul. Champ, t. 162. Soc. Med. t. 16./. 2. 8 AGARICUS. Amanita. **^ Whole volva friable, &^c. 8. A. rubescens Pers. — Pileus about lo cent. (4 in.) broad, dingy reddish, becoming pale flesh-colour, tan, scarcely pure, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, moist but nol viscous in rainy weather and opaque when dry, covered with unequal, soft, mealy, whitish, easily separating warts, which are smaller^ harder, and more closely adherent in dry weather; margin even, and when old slightly striate only in wet weather; flesh commonly soft, white when fresh, reddcfiijig ivhen broken. Stem 10-12.5 (4-5 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stuffed, somewhat solid, though soft within, conico-attenuated from the thickened base, reddish- squaimilose, becoming red-white, and without a trace of a distinct volva at the base. Ring superior, large, membranaceous, soft, striate and white within. Gills reaching the stem in an attenu- ated manner, forming decurrent lines upon it, thin, crowded, soft, as much as 12 mm. (X in.) broad, shining white. w Very changeable, but readily distinguished from all others of the same group by the flesh being reddish -when broken; the stem and pileus are commonly spotted-red when wounded. In dry weather it is firmer, flesh reddening more slowly, warts minute : A. verriicosus Bull. t. 316. Odour scarcely any. There is a remarkable variety ci?rinata, pileus becoming plane, umber-rufous, warts adnate, crowded, roundish. A. circinatus Schuni. Fl. Dan. t. 2140. In woods. Common. June-Nov. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 7-8x6 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. ; 7-9x6-8 mk. B. Edible. It is delicious and perfectly wholesome ; although it has frequently been reckoned (Clus. Pern. g. vii. 3) among doubtful species. Val- uable as an esculent species on account of its abundance. Name — rubesco, to become red. Fr. Aionogr. i. p. 10. Hy7n. Etir. p. 23. Berk. Out. p. 90. C. Hbk. n. II. Illust. PL 9. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 8. Krombh. t. 10. Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 41. Fr. dtl. Sv. t. 74. Viv. It. t. 22, 27. Hussey t. 23. Badh. i. /. 12./. i, ii. t. 1.1./. 3-5. Gonn. &> Rab. t. 5. Letell. t. 667. A. rubens Scop.-Schceff. t. 91, 261. Le Rougeatre Paul Champ, t. 161. Soc. Med. 1776 t. 13. 9. A. spissus Fr. — Pileus umber, fuliginous or grey, fleshy, somewhat compact, convexo- plane, obtuse, smooth, even, but marked with s??iall, ci)iereo7is, angular, ad?2ate warts ; margin even, but often torn into fibres ; flesh Jir?n, white, quite U7ichangeable. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, tur?iip-shaped at the base, somewhat rooting with a globoso- depressed not marginate bulb, curt, firm, shining white, at length sqjia?mtlose with concentric cracks. Ring superior, large. Gills reaching the stem, slightly striato- decurrent, broad, crowded, shining white. In mixed woods. Uncommon. July-Sept. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. Stem 6-7.5 cent. {2%-;^ in.) long. LEUCOSPORI. 9 Spores 14 mk. W.G.S. ; subglobose, 8-10 mk. C.B.P. ; 6 mk. W.P. Name Amanita. — spissus, compact. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 12. Hym. Eur. p. 23. C. Hbk. «. 12. Illust. PL 39. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 9. Am. cinerea Krotnbh. t. ^g. f. i- 5. A. strobiliformis Gonn. &' Rab. t. j./. 3. 10. A. nitidus Fr. — Pileus when flattened 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, whitish, fleshy, somewhat compact, at first hemispherical, wrapped up, the thick volva forming a floccose crust, then brokeji Jip iftto thick, re7narkably angular, adhering warts, which become fuscons, dry, shining, without a viscous pellicle, margin always even ; flesh white, quite unchatigeable. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, yfrw, conico-attenuated, zuith a bulb-shaped base, squamulose, white. Ring superior, thin, torn, slightly striate, white, villous beneath, at length disappearing. Gills yr fuscous-spotted j flesh white, unchange- able. Stem 12. 5-1 5 (5-6 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, hol- low, fibrillose with spider-web threads within, slightly bulbous, otherwise equal, obsoletely scaly, whitish. Ring very laxly woven, floccose, not only easily free, but also separating and vajiishing. Gills remote, very broad, very crowded, whitish, often dingy at the edge, sometimes greenish. Stature about that of A. procerus, but the stem is more slender, and the pileus smaller and thinner. The chief difference lies in the thin fugacious ring. In pastures. Rare. * 1 6 AGARICUS. Lepiota. Not poisonous, but rejected as food. Spores iix8 mk. W.G.S. Name — gracilis, slender. Kro?nbh. t. 24./. 13, 14. Fr. Mo?iogr. \. p. 21. Hym. Etir. p. 30. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. ?i. 19. Ilhist. PI. 28. 22. A. mastoideus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, slightly fleshy, ovate then flattened, 7'ema?'kably breast-shaped ivith an acute umbo, at the first continuous and becoming fuscous ; the cuticle, however, is soon torn into mi7iiite, thifi ornipple-shaped, persistefit scales, making the pileus then whitish and variegated fuscous; flesh thin, soft, whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick at the base, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick at the apex, almost equally atte?iuatedfrom the base to the apex, cartilaginous, tough and flexible, whitish, obsoletely squamulose but not spotted below the entire (not torn), movable ring, even above it. Gills very remote, lanceolate, very crowded, soft, pure white. The ring is formed after the same type as that of preceding species. The gills are of the same type as those of A. procerus, with a cartilaginous collar in which the stem is sunk. In woods. King's Cliffe, &c. Oct. Edible, but so thin in flesh as to be worthless. Name— fxao-ros, breast, €160?, shape. Breast-shaped. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 22. Hym. Eur. p. 30. Berk. Out. p. 93. Mag. Zool. &= Bot. i. /. 2./. i. C. Hbk. n. 50. Illust, PI. 24. Fl. Dan. t. 2144. Letell. t. 610; F.D.E. ** Clypeolarii. Ring proper, fixed., &^c. 23. A. Friesii Lasch. — Pileus ferruginous - fuscous, fleshy, soft, torn ifito adpressed, tonioitose scales. Stem hollow, with a pith of a spider-web nature, somewhat bulbous, scaly; the supe- rior ring pendulous, equal. Gills somewhat remote, linear, very crowded, branched. Almost the stature of A. procerus, handsome, with a heavy odour. On sawdust. King's Lynn. Name — after Elias Fries. Lasch Linn. iii. n. 9. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31. MoTiogr. ii. /. 344. * A. acutesquamosus Weinm. — Pileus as much as 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, pale ferruginous, fleshy, hemispherical then expanded, convex, very, obtuse, the cuticle adp?'essedly tomentose and sprijikled with jninute, sharp-poifited, fuscoiis, easily separat- ifig warts^ which leave areolae on the surface ; then the surface itself splits open showing the white pileus, variegated with adnate warty patches, which are acute and squarrose at the disc, floccose, adpressed and paler towards the margin ; flesh moderately thick, very white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent. LEUCOSPORI. 17 (i in.) thick, stout, the somewhat bulbous base solid, otherwise Lepiota. hollow, stuffed with a lax spider-web pith, elastic, attenuated up- wards, adpressedly fibrilloso-silky and white, but becoming fer- ruginous below with the fibrils, adorned with areolated scales arranged spirally from the remains of the universal veil. Ring large, white, at length becoming yellow, at first silky, continuous with the margin of the pileus, externally sprinkled, chiefly tow^ards the margin, with vernicose patches of the exterior veil ; then pen- dulous from the apex of the stem, membranaceous but very soft and very large, even, remaining adfixed, adhering by the silky down of the stem. Gills quite free from the stem, united by a collar encircling the stem, but very approximate^ lanceolate, as much as 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad when full grown, very crowded, shining white. The margin of the pileus when young is fimbriate, and occasionally appen- diculate with the torn ring. The stem is thicker in proportion as it is shorter. The flesh is firmer than that of its allies. A most distinguished species ; soli- tary or 2-3 individuals connate at the base. The open patches, left on the floccose ground of the pileus are almost after the type of Lycoperdon gemma- tum. Somewhat inodorous. The pileus varies furfuraceous [Krombli. t. 29. /. 18-21.) On soil in gardens and hotbeds. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 8-10x2-3 mk. B.; 3x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — aszitus, sharp, squama, a scale. IVeinm. Syll. i. /. 70. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 22. Hym. Eur. p. 31. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. n. 21. Illust. PL 14. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 17. Hussey ii. t. 5. A. Marise Klotsch Linn. vii. /. 8. Berk. Eng. Ft. v. p. 4. 24. A. Badhami B. & Br. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, at first campanulate, obtuse, at length expanded, often depressed and umbonate, hispid, with minute, velvety, fuliginous scales, but sometimes entirely fuliginous without any distinct scales. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) high, 6-12 mm. (X~/^ i^-) i^^ch or more thick, attenuated above, bulbous below, white, silky or floccoso-scaly, stuffed with cottony threads. Ring firm, erect and deflexed, more or less movable beneath, frequently clothed with dingy granules. Gills truly remote, ventricose, rather broad. The whole plant when wounded becomes saffron-blood-red. Flesh tolerably compact. Resembling some forms of A. clypeolarius, but more robust. In some specimens the surface is decidedly scaly, in others simply velvety. The margin often projects beyond the gills, and is delicately silky and fimbriated. The stem, though bulbous, is by no means marginate. Smell rather disagreeable. Under yew-trees. Apethorpe, &c. Sept. Spores elhptic, 8 mk. B. ^ Br.; 6x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — after C. D. Badham, M.D. B. b= Br. n. 664. Berk. Out. p. 93. C. Hbk. 71. 23. Illust. PL 25. Saund. <5r= Sin. t. 35./. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. /. 31. B 1 8 AGARICUS. Lepiota. 25. A. meleagris Sow. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fawn-coloured, fleshy, thin, at first ovate or hemispherical, very- obtuse, minutely tomentose and warty, then expanded, somewhat campanulate, dotted with minute brown scales ; flesh t7ir?ii?ig red. Stem stufl'ed with cottony threads, fusiform then nearly equal, of the same colour, here and there tinged with yellow, most minutely squamulose. Ring soon ruptured, very fugacious. Gills remote, distant, rounded behind, sometimes connected, white. The whole plant changes in drying, or when cut, to a beautiful red. Closely allied to A. clypeola?-ius. Two forms occur which run into each other, the less typical of which has a campanulate obtuse pileus, and is of a darker tint when dry. In the variety the gills are sometimes lemon-coloured. In hothouses on spent tan. Rare. May-Oct. Spores 5x8 mk. IV. P. Name — meleagris, a guinea-fowl. From the spotting. Sow. t. 171. B. &" Br. n. 986*. C. Hbk. ?i. 24. Illust. PI. 26. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 18. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 31. Tricholoma Berk. Out. p. lOI. 26. A. biornatus B. & Br. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fleshy, convex, broadly campanulate, white, silky, sprinkled with minute dark-red punctiform scales (without stria;); flesh white, or slightly tinged with yellow. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) high, 8 mm. {Yi in.) thick, stuffed then hollow, oblique, attenuated at the base, rooting, spotted with red, reddish within. Ring descending, spotted at the edge like the pileus. Gills approximate, ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. The whole plant becomes dark in drying. In melon-frame. Arthingworth, 1876. July. Spores 10x8 mk. B. er" Br. Name — bis, twice, orno, to adorn. From the twofold colouring. B. 6^ Br. Journ. Linn. Soc. xi. p. 502. Ann. Nat. Hist. ?i. 1633. C. Illust. PL 37. 27. A. hispidus Lasch. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, umber-fuscous, fleshy, soft, hemispherical then expanded, umbo- nate, at the very first to??ientose from the universal veil, the down separating into papillae or scales ; flesh thin, white, unchangeable. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, tubular, but stuffed with fibrils internally, attenuated upwards, densely woolly-scaly from the universal veil clothing the stem as far as the superior, membranaceous, reflexed ring, fuscous. Gills free, approximate, with a prominent collar encircling the stem, crowded, ventricose, simple, white. The pileus is not at first evened and continuous as in ^. clypeolarius, &c. The down separates into scales almost like those of A. acuiesqua?nosus. Not becoming red when broken like A. meleagris, &c. Odour somewhat of radish. LEUCOSPORI. 19 In woods, chiefly among pine-leaves. Rare. Aug-.-Oct. Lepiota. Smell like that of Lactarius theiogalus, approaching that of A. cristatus. B. &' Br. Name — hispidiis, rough. Lasch. ?i. 407. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 24. Hym. Eur. p. 32. Icon. t. 14. /. i. B. 6^ Br. n. 901. C. Hbk. n. 22. lilust. PI. 27. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 19. 28. A. clypeolarius Bull. — Typical form. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, beautiful tan-colour, slightly fleshy, at first acorn- shaped, even, becoming tawny at the apex, -whoUy co?ittniious, though silky-soft, slightly crusted, with thick marginal down, which then separates into a superior ring adhering to the stem ; then campanulate and flattened, with a tawny umbo, otherwise wholly broken up into floccose scales, very soft ; flesh floccoso- soft, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, white, watery when moist. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with a dis- tinct floccose-spider-web pith, soon hollow, equal or slightly thickened at the base, soft, fragile ; at first co7itiiiiio2csly scaly- sqiiarrose from the yellowish veil behig broke?i iip into patches j the floccose scales easily separate, so that the stem is somewhat naked, fibrillose, pallid, striate at the apex above the fugacious ring. Gills free, approximate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, soft, crowded, shin- ing white or becoming yellow. Odour weak, often scarcely any. It is so very changeable, that it is scarcely possible to include all its forms under a common description. The scales on the pileus vary yellow, rufescent, ferruginous, and the gills white, yellowish. In shady pine-woods a form occurs with white-floccose- woolly stem, pileus wholly woolly with exception of the continuous disc, sometimes yellowish, sometimes becoming pale. In marshy thickets there is a form with the squa- mulose pileus rose-coloured. In very shady beech-wood, on rotten wet leaves, a more slender form occurs, with a floccoso-squamulose stem, and white pileus elegantly variegated with concentric fuscous scales. Var. pratcnsis Bull, is floccose only below the fibrillose ring. There are many forms in hothouses departing from the type, as Fl. Dan. t. 1732. In woods, shaded borders, and hothouses. Uncommon. Oct- Nov. Spores oblong, uniguttate, 16-20 x 5-6 mk. K.; 18-20x4-5 mk. B. Name — clypeus, a shield. Bull. t. 405, 506. /] 2. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 24. Hym. Eur. p. 32. Icon. t. 14. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 25. Illust. PL 38. 6'. Mycol. Scot. n. 20. Tratt. Austr. t. 26. 29. A. metulsesporus B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, white, rather fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, sulcate, with small pallid scales, margin appendiculate. Stem 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal or slightly clavate, pallid, lemon-coloured within. Gills approximate, ven- tricose, nearly 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. In external characters it approaches A. clypeolarius, but it is at once dis- tinguished by the length of its spores. Mycelium thread-hke. 20 AGARICUS. Lepiota. Among" moss in fir wood. Rare. Oct. Spores nine-pin-shaped when seen from the back, obliquely clavate from the side. 15 mk. B. dr" Br.; 15-20x4-6, W.P. Name — metula, an obelisk. From the shape of the spores. B. fir" Br. Ceylon Fungi, Linn. Journ. xi. p. 512. Ann. Nat. Hist. n. 1182. /. 18./". 5 spores. Fr. Hym. Fur. p. 32. 30. A. cristatus A. & S.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.) some- times 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and umbonate, dry, smooth, but the cuticle separat- ing into darker granulose sguaj?iules on the whitish ground ; flesh thin, white. Stem 4 cent. {1% in.) long, 3 mm. {i}4. lin.) rarely more thick, fistulose, equal, fragile, silky-fibrillose, not scaly, silvery-white or rufescent. Ring continuous with the universal scanty veil, hence it appears inferior, at first erect-spreading, then torn. Gills free, remote, very crowded, at length plane, shining white. It does not vary much except in the colour of the squamules on the pileus. Smaller and firmer than A. clypeolarius, with a strong odour of radish. In fields, lawns, gardens, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Disc often fuscous-reddish. Spores ellipsoid, 7-8 x 4-5 mk. K. ; 6-8 x 2-3 B. Name— crista, a tuft, crest. Aid. &= Schw. p. 145. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 25. Hym. Eur. p. 32. Berk. Out. p. 94. t. 3. f. 7. C. Hbk. n. 26. Illust. PI. 29. 6'. Mycol. Scot. 71. 2T. Grev. t. 176. Hussey i. t. 48. Price f. 105. Krombh. t. 2^. f. 26-30. A. subantiquatus Batsch f. 205. 31. A. ermineus Fr. — Pileus 5-6 cent. (2-2X in.) broad, white, slightly fleshy, campanulate then soon flattened, only a little gib- bous at the prominent, even, deeper-coloured disc, dry, si7iooth and beco7ning even, then silky-fibrillose towards the 7nargin; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, very fragile, dry, sojneuuhat fibrillose, the mem- branaceous ring at length torn and fugacious. Gills free, but reaching the stejn, by no means remote, very obtuse at both ends, somewhat crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, shining white. Somewhat gregarious, very fragile, inodorous, with the taste of radish. In grassy places in woods, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Nov. Spores pruniform, guttate, granular, 11-12 mk. Q. Name — ermine, from its soft white appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 26. Hym. Eur. p. 33. Sv. Bot. t. 596./ I. B. &■ Br. n. 1184. S. Mycol. Scot. Siipp. Scot. Nat. vi, p. 213. C. Illust. PI. 40. *** Annulosi. Ri7ig superior, fixed, &^c. 32. A. Vittadinii Fr. — Pileus whitish, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, covered over with warty, dense, pointed scales. Stem LEUCOSPORI. 21 solid, stout, cylindrical, with many concent7'ic scaly-squarrose Leplota. zones. Ring superior, large. Gills free, ventricose, thick, be- coming green. Very handsome, large, robust. Intermediate between Amanita and Lepiota. In groves. Rare. Poisonous. Name — after Vittadini. Fr. Hym. Eui: p. 33. Bei'k. Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. ■2'j. Illust. PL 36. Hussey i. t. 85. Amanita Vittadini Morett. Bot. Ital. t. i. Vittad. A?nan. t. i. Krombh. t. 27. 33. A. holosericeus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, whitish or clay-white, fleshy, soft, convex the7t expanded, rather plane, obtuse, floccoso-silky, somewhat fibrillose, becomijig even, fragile, disc by no means gibbous, and wholly of the same colour ; margin involute when young ; flesh soft, white. Stem 6-10 cent. {2%- 4 in.) long, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more thick, solid, bulbous and not rooted at the base, soft, fragile, silky-fibrillose, whitish. Ring superior, membranaceous, large, soft, pendulous, the mar- gin again ascending. Gills wholly free, broad, ventricose, crowd- ed, becoming pale-white. A species well marked from all others. Inodorous. On soil in flower-beds. Staplehurst, Kent. Spores 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Name — 6A.0?, entire, crr/piKo?, silken. Wholly- silky. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 26. Hym. Eur. p. 34. C. Hbk. n. 28. Illust, PI. 41. Saund. 6^ Sin. t. 'z^- /• i. 34. A. naucinus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in.) broad, white, the disc of the same colour, fleshy, soft, gibbous or obtusely um- bonate when flattened, even, the thin cuticle splitti7ig up i7ito gran- ules. Stem 4-7.5 cent (iX~3 i^^-) ^o'^g' stuffed, at length so77iewhat hollow, but without a definite tube, atte7uiatcd ^ipwards from the thickened base, fibrillose, unspotted, white. Ring superior, tender, but persistent, adheri7ig to the ste77i, at length reflexed. Gills free, approximate, crowded, ventricose, soft, white. There is a prominent collar, as in the Clypeolarii, embracing the stem. Stat- ure and appearance oi A. excoriatus, but commonly smaller, the superior ring adfixed, &c. A. leucothites Vittad. Fung. mang. t. 40 with reddening gills seems a variety of this. In fields. Rare. , Sometimes delicate tan, the gills assuming a dirty-pink hue. The large white spores are very characteristic. It may be confounded very easily with A. cretaceus, M.y.B. Edible; taste mild, pleasant. Name — itaucum (or nucinus, nux), a nut-shell. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 27. Hym. Eur. p. 34. Berk. Out. p. 94. C. Hbk. n. 29. Illust. PI. 15. Vent. t. 48. /. 6. A. sphaero- sporus Krombh. t. 24./. 20-23. 2 2 AGARICUS. Leplota, 35. A. cepsestipes Sow. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, when campanulate often higher, white or yellow, rarely becoming fus- cous, someiuhat membranaceous, slightly fleshy only at the disc, at the first obtusely conical then hood-shaped, soon campanulate, umbonate, clothed with delicate, phunose, separati7ig fiocci. Stem at first short, then elongated, 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick at the base, scarcely exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) at the apex, fistulose, at the first stuffed with spider-web threads, attenuated from the bulbous base, clothed ivithflocci which 7nay be rubbed off. Ring separating-free, fugacious. Gills free, attenuated at both ends, at length remote (but distinct without a cartilagin- ous collar), very crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. Commonly in a dense band. The flocci on the pileus are the remains of the universal floccose veil. Substance very soft and delicate. From the entire nature and covering of the pileus, it is like a Coprinus drying up. According to Sowerby bright sulphur-yellow. On tan and leaves in hothouses. Uncommon. Aug.-Sept. Fine specimens of the white form, exactly according with BuUiard's A. creta- ceus have been gathered, B. &f Br. Spores 8x4 mk. W.G.S. ; van cretaceus, 5x7 mk. W.P. Name — cepa, onion, stipes, stem. Sow. t. 2. Fr. Mono- gr. i. p. 27. Hynn. Eur. p. 35. Berk. Out. p. 95, B. &' Br. n. 1500*. C. Hbk. n. 30. Illust. PI. 5. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 22. Var. A. A. creta- ceus Bull. t. 374. Grev. t. 333. Fl. Dan. t. ijgS (diminutive). Var. B. A. luteus {Bolt. t. 50?) Wither. \\. p. 233. A. flos sulphuris Schnitz. ap. Sturm 31. /. I. 36. A. licmopliorus B. & Br. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, lemon-yellow, membranaceous, plane, depressed, deeply sulcate up to the central disc, margin crenate. Stem 9 cent, {y/z in.) long, fistulose, slender, attenuated upwards, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick in the centre, lemon-yellow, tomentose at the base ; ring about half-way up. Gills remote, slightly arched, distant, interstices veined, shining white. Occasionally in our hothouses, never in the open air. On the ground. Sept. Spores 12 mk. long, B. 6^ Br. Name — XtK/u.6?, a winnowing fan, ^epw, to bear. From the sulcate pileus. B. & Br, Linn. Soc. Journ. xi. p. 500. n. 1989*. **'^* Granulosi. Universal veil sheathing, ^'c. 37. A. carcharias Pers. — VtIqus Jlesh-coloured, fleshy, convex then plane, umbonate, granulose. Stem stuffed then hollow, somewhat bulbous, squamulose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnexed, shining white. LEUCOSPORI. 23 In grassy pine wood. Frequent. Sept. Lepiota. Taste bitter according to Persoon, nauseous according to Fries. Spores sphseroid or subsphajroid, 3-4 or 4x3 mk. K. ; 2-4x2-3 mk. B. Name — Kapxapia?, dog-fish or shark, sharp-toothed. Probably from the skin. J-'ers. Syti. p. 263. Ic. pict. t. 5./. 1-3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 23. C. Illust. PI. 42. Brign. Neap. t. ^j.f. 4. A. ra.vaenX.a.CQUs Krombh. t. 25. f. 21-25. Var. alba. A. cristatus Hartz. t. 44./". 2. 38. A. cinnabarinus A. & S. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, persistently cinnabar-colour, fleshy, soon flattened, obtuse, granu- loso-furfuraceous, fimbriate at the margin ; flesh pallid. Stem stuffed, somewhat bulbous, red-scaly below the inferior ring. Gills free, lanceolate, white. Taste mild. In fir wood. Rare. New Pitsligo, 1873. Sept. Easily identified by its beautiful shape and splendid colour. Name — cin ■ nabaris, dragon's blood. From the colour. A. granulosus var. cinnabarinus Alb. 6^ Schw. p. 147. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. Monogr. i. /. 29. B. 6^ Br. n. 1402. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 24. ■^A. Terreii B. & Br. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, bright tawny, somewhat hemispherical, pulverulent, roughened with minute warts. Stem somewhat equal, often cylindrical, adorned below the ring with furfuraceous scales of the same colour as the pileus. Ring at length torn into fragments. Gills remote, nar- row, white, not branched. It approaches A. gra?iulosus on one side and A. arutesquamosus on the other, but is nearer to the latter than the former. The spores of A. grafitdosus are slightly larger, those oi A. acutes'quamosus are rather longer, and at the same time narrower. On sandy ground. Forres. Gills separating from the stem. Taste insipid. Spores 5x4 mk. B. 6^ Br.\ 2x3 mk. W.G.S. Name— after Michael Terry. B . ^ Br. n. w^-^}- Saund. df Sm. t. 35./". 1-5. S. Mycol. Scot, under n. 24. 39. A. granulosus Batsch. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ferrugi- nous or brown-rufous becomi7ig pale-hoary wheti dry, fleshy, con- vex then flattened, obtusely umbonate, furfuraceo-granular, here and there rugoso-plicate ; flesh reddish white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed-hollow, somewhat equal, minutely squamulose. Gills slightly adnexed, white. Singular among LepiotcB. The covering, which is scaly on the stem as far as the ring, but granulose on the pileus, represents a universal veil, at the first wholly continuous. The colour of the stem is more rarely violaceous. In woods and open grassy places. Very common. July-Nov. 24 AGARICUS. Lepiota. The stem is of the same colour as the pileus as far as the ring. The wrinkles on the pileus often radiate beautifully from the centre about half-way across. Spores 5-6x3 mk. B. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— granosus, full of grains. Covered with small grains. Batsch t. 6. f. 24. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 36. Monogr. i. p. 28. Berk. Out. p. 95. C. Hbk. n. 31, Illust. PI. 18. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 25. Hartz. t. 44./". i. Var. rufescens, a curious form, quite pure white at first, then partially turn- ing red, and in drying acquiring everywhere a rufous tint. Bristol. B. &f Br. n. 1834. 40. A. amianthinus Scop. — Pileus ochraceous, somewhat fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, furfuraceo-granulose ; flesh yellow. Stem equal, slender, squamulose. Ring fugacious. Gills ad?iate, crowded, white then light-yellowish. Smaller and thinner than A. granulosus, &c. , from which it is distinguished by the adnate gills and yellow flesh especially of the stem. In woods. Uncommon. Aug. Name — a/xiWros, undefiled. Unspotted. Scop. Carii. ii, p. 434. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 37. Monogr. i. p. 29. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 26. C. Illust. PI. 213. A, flavofloccosus i?a/i-fAy". 97. A. croceus Bolt. t. 51./". 2. Sow. t. 19. A. ochraceus Bull. t. 362, 530. A. muricatus Fl. Dan. t. 1015. A. granulo- sus var. Alb. ^ Schw. Grev. t. 104. Hussey i. t. 45. Hartz. t. 4. f. 2. Krombh. t. i. f. 12. Hofftn. t. 13./! i. Var. Broadwoodiae B. & Br. — Pileus yellow, hemispherical, delicately tomentose, margin inflexed. Stem equal and as well as the ring furfuraceous with squamules. Gills adnate, now and then decurrent, shining white. A very distinct variety, if not species. B. 6^ Br. Lyne, Sussex. Name — after Miss S. Broadwood. B. df Br. 71. 1730*. 41. A. polystictus Berk. — Pileus 4 cent. {1% in.) broad, ex- panded, not at all campanulate, broadly and obtusely umbonate ; flesh thick in the centre, firm and tough, the epidermis broken into minute flat scales of a rich red-brown. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 9 mm. (^ in.) thick in the middle, hollow, stuffed with cottony threads, attenuated at the base. Gills quite free, unequal, rounded before and behind, broad, ventricose, crowded, white with a slight yellowish tinge. Ring fugacious, attached in minute portions to the edge of the pileus. The stem is divided into two distinct portions ; the upper one silky of a pinkish hue, tlie lower scaly hke the pileus, but the scales browner ; furnished with many branched fibrous roots. Inodorous and insipid. In grassy places. Uncommon. Autumn. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 3x5 mk. W.P. Name — ttoXvV, many, o-tijcto?, spotted. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 9. Out. p. 95. C. Hbk. n. 32. Illust. PL 30. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 2j. Sound, cr' Sm. t. 23. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 37- LEUCOSPORI. 25 ****'^ Mesomorphi. Smaller, slender, &^c. Lepiota. 42. A. sistratus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. {i-i}4 in.) broad when flattened, whitish, often darker at the disc, turning light-yellowish or flesh-colour, slightly fleshy, campanulate, then expanded and obsoletely umbonate, printiate with shining ato7ns ; flesh thin, soft, fragile, whitish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) \\v\c\i, Jistiilose, scarcely stuffed within with lax spider- web fibrils, equal, silky Jibrillose and pruinate, white. Ring fib- rillose, torn, appendicidate round the margin ofthepiletis, very fuga- cious. Gills free, but reaching the stem, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white. Thin, delicate, fragile. Nearest to ^. meso7norphtis hnW. in natural afifinity. On sandy ground. Forres, Remarkable for the filamentous ring. B. &= Br. Name — sistrum, a rattle used in the rites of Isis. From some fancied resemblance in form. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 30. Hym. Eur. p. 37. Icon. t. 15./. 3. B. fir" Br. Ji. 1185. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 28. C. Illust. PL 85. 43. A. seminudus Lasch. —Pileus whitish or flesh - colour, slightly fleshy, campanulato-expanded, wwiQoxxdX^, floccoso-mealy, at length naked, appendiculate at the margin with the torn veil. Stem fistulose, thin, mealy. GiUs reaching the stem, thin, white. Very thin, delicate. In woods. King's Lynn, &c. Spores 4X 2 mk. B. ^ Br. Name — se7ni, half, nudus, naked. From the stem remaining mealy while the pileus becomes naked. Lasch. Linn. n. ij. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 38.' B. 5f Br. n. 1634, 1836. C. Illust. PI. 19. a. 44. A. Bucknalli B. & Br. — Pileus nearly 2.5 (i in.) broad, white, sprinkled with lilac dust, campanulate then convex. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, dilated at the base, sprinkled downwards with lilac dust. Gills scarcely reaching the margin, white. Smell strong of gas-tar. On the ground. Bristol. Spores 8x3 mk. B. of Br. Name — after Cedric Bucknall. B. &= Br. n. 1836. C. Illust. PI. 19. b. 45. A. mesomorphus Bull. — Pileus reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, generally less, becoming yellow or whitish, slightly fleshy, very thin, campanulate then expanded, naked, dry, evejt, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly attenuated upwards, even, smooth, of the same colour as 2 6 AGARICUS. Lepiota. the pileus. Ring continuous with the cuticle of the pileus and stem, at first entire, spreading. Gills free, crowded, ventricose, white. On the ground in woods. Hereford, &c. Autumn. The English plant agrees in everything with that of Bulliard, except in the less persistent ring, which, however, is sometimes attached to the stem, some- times to the edge of the pileus. B. ^ Br. Name — ju-eVo?, middle, fj^op(j>ri, form. Intermediate in form. Bull. t. 506. f. i. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 30. Hym. Eur. p. 38. B. &> Br. 71. 173 1. C. Illust. PI. 85. B. B. CUTICLE OF PILEUS VISCOUS, CONTINUOUS. 46. A. medullatus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. {i%-2% in.) broad, white, varying with the disc grey, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, umbonate, even, smooth, viscous, soft ; flesh soft, watery. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, the thick exterior coat easily separable from the interior, distinct, firm, at length fistulose tube, equal, fragile, dry, silky and squamulose below the veil, striate at the apex. Ring iiiconiplete, becoming torn, commonly appoidiculate at the margin of the pileus which hence appears as if looihtd-jijfibriate, scarcely prominent on the stem. Gills quite free, broader in front, ventricose, crowded, plane, shining white. Odour of radish. Flesh almost that oi A. clypeolarius. In fir wood. Rare. Glamis, 1874. Oct. Easily distinguished by the internal separable tube of the stem. Name — medulla, pith. From the pith-like centre of the stem. Fr. Motiogr. i. /. 32. Hym. Eur. p. 38. Icon. t. 16. f, 2. B. df Br. n. 1732. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 29. C. Illust. 44. 47. A. gloiodermus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent, (i^ in.) broad, or little more, brownish-red, slightly fleshy, ctnnpaiiulate then con- vex, obtuse or broadly gibbous, even, smooth, smeared with thin ghite?ij flesh soft, white. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed with spider-web threads, equal, dry, soft, whitish, externally Jloccoso- scaly as far as the incomplete torfi ring, naked, however, above it, whitish or rufescent. Gills free, approximate, ventricose, broad, crowded, shining white, not spotted. Like^. delicatus it holds a middle place between mesomorphi and the typical species of this division {B), for the pileus is viscous, but the stem dry and clothed with flocci. It resembles A. clypeolarius, but the pileus is always con- tinuous, smooth, viscous. LEUCOSPORI. 27 In thickets. Uncommon. July-Sept. Lepiota. Name — yAoto?, clammy, Sepfxa, skin. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 39. Icon. t. 15. /. I. Berk. Out. p. 95. B. 6^ Br. ?i. 785. C. Hbk. n. 33. Ilhcst. PI. 118. S. My col. Scot. n. 30. 48. A. delicatus Fr. — Pileus i cent. (>< in.) broad, rufescent or becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, even, s7nooth, viscous, in nowise granulose. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick not taking into account the AtnsoXy Jloccoso-scaly and to?ne7itose covering, yis^u/ose, equal, dry, whitish. Ring entire, membranaceous, dry, densely floccoso-scaly. Gills free, crowded, thin, ventricose, shining white. Very thin and delicate ; stature that of A. mesojnorphus, but very sufiftciently distinct from it in the pileus being viscous and the stem clothed with flocci. A. pallidus, pileus becoming light-yellow or pale rose-colour. B. vaporariorutn, pileus rufescent, ring more floccose and here and there incomplete. Var. B. approaches A. gloiodermus. About old stumps. Powerscourt, Wicklow, 1867. Sept. A stout form. Pileus hemispherical, obtuse, rivulose, viscid, smooth, pallid, 2.5 cent, (i in.) across; stem 12 mm. (14 in.) high, 6 mm. {% in.) thick, trans- versely punctate, squamulose, stuffed with flocci, white above ; veil floccose, slightly appendiculate ; gills free, rounded behind, approximate, pallid. The veil is really double, floccose, covered with scaly particles. Taste like that of Polyporus squamosus. B. 6^ Br. '^avae— delicatus, tender, delicate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 31. Hym. Eur. p. 39. Icofi. t. 15./. 2. B. ^ Br. n. 1186. C. Illust. PI. 118. 49. A. illinitus Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX-3 in.) broad, white, the umbo often becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, smooth, viscous, soft, at length fragile, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5-7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stufl"ed when young, soon hollow, equal, cylindrical, fragile, by no means floccose or scaly, but besmeared with gluten, slippery. Gills free, at length remote, crowded, soft, somewhat connected by veins, shining white. The gluten of the stem is a species of veil, at the first continuous with the gluten of the pileus, but ruptured when the pileus is expanded, leaving upon the stem an obsolete not prominent ring, above which the stem is dry. Distin- guished from all others by the glutinous stem. There is a clay-coloured or ochraceous variety with the pileus even, and the margin fimbriated. In w^oods, &c. Penzance. Spores sphaeroid or subsphaeroid, 4-6 mk. K. Name — illino, to smear over; illitus and illinitus, smeared with gluten. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 32. Hym. Eur. p. 39. Icon. t. 16. f. I. B. tf Br. n. 1990. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 13. 28 AGARICUS. Lepiota. 50. Georginas Smith. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (>^-i in.) broad, white, slightly fleshy, fragile, at first campanulate then expanded, covered with a minute, dense, viscid pruinosity, which, as well as the white flesh, instantly changes to crimson when touched ; margin at length striate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, slightly attenu- ated upwards, also covered externally with minute, viscid pruin- osity, changing to crimson when touched. Ring evanescent. Gills free, very thin, moderately distant, somewhat ventricose, white, the edge becoming crimson when touched. On mosses in a cool fernery. Chelsea. Spores 7x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Miss Georgina E. Johnstone. S7nith Seem. Journ. Bot. ix. (1871), p. i. /. 112. Grevillea, i. /. 55. C. Illust. PL 132. Armillaria. Subgeuus III. ARMILLARIA {anntlla, a ring). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 26. Hymenophore continuous with the stem ; universal veil wanting, partial one annular, sometimes only indicated by the scales which clothe the stem ter- minating in the form of a ring. // brings together species which are separated fro?n all the following Leucospori 07i account of the veil. On accoimt of the disappeara?ice of the iiniversal veil the species of the fourth group of the Amanitce are apt to be looked for here. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. 40. There are three types ; the first agreeing in every respect except the ringed stem with the Tricholomata, the second with the Clitocybce and the third with the Collybise. Most of the species grow on the ground and are rare. Their qualities are doubtful. IV. Agariciis (A rviillaria) melletis. One-third natural size. Gills sinuato-adnexed, stem fleshy, shnilar in more or less decurrent * Tricholomata subannulata substance to the pileus. ** Clitocybae annulatas. Gills attenuated behind, without a sinus, stem solid. *** CoUybiae annulatas. Gills equal behind, stem externally somewhat car- tilagi?ious. * Tricholomata subannulata. Gills sinuato-adjiexed, &^c. 51. A. bulbiger A. & S. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, LEUCOSPORI. 29 pale-yellowish-brick colour, paler at the margin, fleshy, not com- Armillaria. pact, convexo-flattened, obtuse, moist, smooth in itself, but here and there, and chiefly round the margin, squamuloso-fibrillose from the fragments of the veil, then naked ; flesh whitish, soft, thin at the margin, wherefore the pileus is not broken into squam- ules. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost 12 mm. {% in.) thick, stuffed, rarely hollow, cylindrical, but terniuiated at the base by a globose inarginate bulb; the external cuticle pale, separable, at length marked longitudinally with blackish fibrils ; texture longitudinally fibrous, but stuffed in the centre with a softer pith ; externally and internally becoming pale white ; the veil forms a cortina ending in a ring on the stem, adhering loosely, oblique, fugacious, white. Gills broadly emarginate somewhat crowded, at length distant, broad, becoming pale white, at length almost of the same colour as the pileus. A very singular fungus, of a peculiar type, resembling in stature the turbin- ate or marginato-bulbous Cortinarii, but by no means allied to these. The form of the bulb is singular and constant, somewhat globose, depresso-con- cave above, with an annular margin. Odour and taste none. In pine woods, &c. Hereford, 1875, &c. Oct. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 7-10x4-5 mk. K. ; 5x7 mk, W.P. Name — bulbus, a bulb, gero, to carry. Alb. 6^ Schw. Co7isp. p. 150. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 35. Hym. Eur. p. 40. Icon. t. 2.6. f. 2. B. ^ Br. n. 1501. C. Ilhist. PL 20. 5, Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. A'at. 1855, p. 20. Klotsch. Ft. Bor.t. 373. 52. A. focalis Fr. — Pileus 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, fleshy, moderately compact at the disc, convex then flattened, obtuse, dry, slightly shining ; cuticle b7'ick-ta'wny, become even, but silky- fibrillosej flesh soft, 12 mm. [yz in.) thick at the disc, slightly tawny-pallid. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, fleshy-solid, wholly fibrous within, elastic, equal, by no means bulbous, externally torn into fibrils, the medial ring oblique. GiUs emarginato-free, crowded, narrow compared with the pileus, white, at length becoming pale. On account of the flesh being soft like that of A. bulbiger the pileus is not broken into squamules. Variable. On bare ground under old laurel-trees. Coed Coch. '^^cme.—focale, a neckcloth. From the neckcloth-like ring. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 36. Hym. Eur. p. 40. B. &^ Br. n. 1837. C. Illust. PL 245. Var. Goliath Fr. — Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) broad, peculiarly fleshy, very much thinned out towards the margin, convexo- flattened, at length gibbous, revolute at the margin, moist, not 30 AGARICUS. Armillaria. viscous, even and bay-brow?i'r2ifesce?it at the disc, towa^'ds the ?nargin torn itito fibres^ paler, and, when the cuticle is torn, be- coming white ; flesh spongy-soft, elastic, white. Stem 20 cent. (8 in.) and more long", 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, fibrous-solid, com- monly decumbent on account of the weight of the pileus, equal or attenuato-rooted at the base, externally and internally white, but becojnmg tawny and with taw7iy fibrils downwards. Ring medial, fugacious, often completely obliterated. Gills rounded- free, very broad, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more, very ventricose, rather thick, crowded, white. The cuticle of the pileus and of the stem torn into fibrils, separable. In woods. Fr. Monogr. p. 37. C. Illust. PL 31. 53. A. robustus A. & S. — Pileus bay-brown-rufescent, very fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, dry, typically smooth, but scaly-fibrillose towards the margin ; flesh hard, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) rarely more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, solid, compact, attenuated at the base, fibrillose below the inferior, large, floccose, somewhat persistent ring, white- rufescent, white, however, and flocculose at the apex. Gills broad- ly emarginate, almost free, 12 mm. (^ in.) broad, crowded, whitish. The stem is clothed up to the ring with the remains of a true though not a very conspicuous veil. The flesh of the stem is diffused into the pileus, as is usual when the pileus is continuous with the stem. Various in size and stat- ure. It can be distinguished at first sight from A. focalis, &c. , by the substance of the entire plant being co7npact and hard, and by the stem being obese, ven- tricose, and attenuated dow?twards. The genuine form majorha.s a large ring, with the pileus often broken up into scales, and very broad gills. The form minor has an even pileus, with both ring and gills very narrow. Krombh. t. 25./. 15-20. In woods. Rare. Autumn. Taste and smell exactly that of Polyporus squamosus. B. 6^ Br. Spores ovoid-sphcerical, 7 mk. Q. Name — robustus, stout, sturdy. Alb. &> Schw. Consp. p. 147. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 37. Hytn. Eur. p. 41. B. df Br. n. 1502. C. Illust. PL 33 (A, aurantius in error), 86, var. minor. 54. A. ramentaceus Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, pallid, whitish, becoming yellow or rufescent, the scales and punctate disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse or gib- bous, at length depressed and revolute, dry, the cuticle torn into adpressed floccose scales; flesh somewhat compact, 12 mm. {yi in.) thick, white. Stem 2.5-5 (1-2 in.) long, rarely more, about 12 mm. {Yz in.) thick, solid, firm, utiequal., often thickened at the base, white, but variegated with adpressed fuscous sqiiainules below the LEUCOSPORI. 31 riiig. Gills emarginato-adnexed, separating-free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 Armiiiaria. lin.) broad, thin, at first crowded, at length somewhat distant^ whitish, changing colour, commonly beco?ni?ig yellow. The veil, clothing the stem above the middle, terminates in a narrow, floc- coso-woven, at length oblique and separating ring, above which the stem is pruinose. Besides the ring, scaly stem, paler pileus, &c., it is easily distin- guished from A. terreus by the colour passing into light yellow. Odour un- pleasant. On the ground. Uncommon. Name — ramenfa, shavings, scales. Bull. t. S9S- /• 3- ^f- Monogr. \. p. 40. Hym. Etir. p. 42. Berk. Out. p. 96. C. Hbk. ti. 35. Illust. PI. 71. 55. A. haematites B. & Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, liver-colour, hemispherical, dry, slightly hispid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, of the same colour as the pileus, solid, thick- ened downwards, 6 mm. {% in.) thick at the base. Ring spongy, scaly beneath. Gills shortly decurrent. Like A. subcavus it is analogous to Lepiotce. Among fir-leaves. Glamis, 1876. Nov. Pileus red-liver colour, at first hemispherical then somewhat flattened. Gills rather broad, scarcely crowded. A very striking and beautiful species. Name — atjoiaTtn}5, blood-like. Haematite, blood-stone, a kind of red-iron-ore. B. &■ Br. fi. 1635. S. Mycol. Scot. ti. 35. C. Illust. PL 45. 56. A. constrictus Fr. — White. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fleshy, flesh not thick but compact, convex then plane, obtuse, dry, smooth in itself, but when young covered over with a thin, silky, separating veil, but 7iever torn into scales; margin involute and villous when young. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or less long, about 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, solid, fleshy-fibrous, equal or thickened at the h2iSQ:,Jibrillose or squamulose. Ring, which is near the apex of the stem, narrow, at length falling off", or adhering obliquely. Gills emarginate or rounded, sometimes adnexed, sometimes wholly free, very crowded atid narrow, unequal. Pileus becoming pale or fuscous with age. Firm, with odour of new meal. Not allied to any neighbouring species. In pastures bleached by dung, &c. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Assuming a very pale -yellow tint when bruised. M.J.B. Name — con- strictus, compact. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 39. Hyni. Eur. p. ^2.. Icon. t. 18./. i. Berk. Out. p. 96. C. Hbk. n. 34. Illust. PL 46. Batt. t. 7. /. B. ** Clitocybas annulatas. Gills attenuated behind, &^c. 57. A. melleus Fl. Dan.— Pileus 7-5-i5 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, often fuliginous when young, wrapped round with olivaceous 32 AGARICUS. Armillaria. down, soon becoming' pale, striate at the margin, everywhere beset with ficscous-blackish, sometimes paler hairy squamules, fleshy at the disc, continuous with the stem, otherwise thirty convex then flattened, and at length depressed in the centre. Stem stuffed then hollow, elastic, externally rigid 2ind sulcate, internally sp07igy , floccose or rather naked below the ring, often light-yellow villous at the base. Ri7ig nearly apical, silky, swollen at the circtimfer- ence, sometimes however more scanty, in the form of a cortina, disappearing. Gills at first adnate, then deciirrent with a tooth, somewhat distant, pallid, commonly whitish flesh-colour, at length rufescent, and zvhite-mealy with the abundant spores. Clay-colour in rainy weather ; in dry weather pale but opaquely ochraceous or honey-colour. Stem becoming pale, when old often passing into fuligi- nous or olivaceous. Very variable in its dimensions. The more remarkable varieties are : (a) stem stout, very bulbous Kalchbr ; (b) Gills sulphur-coloured \Vein7n ; (c) Colour tawny Gon?i. ^ Rab. iv. / . 3 ; (d) Colour becoming fuscous. On and near stumps. Common. Aug.-Nov. Solitary, gregarious or densely ctespitose. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 9x6 mk. A'./ 10x8 mk. i5./ 9x5-6 mk. W.G.S. Edible but very tough. Frequently eaten in Europe. Persoon condemns it, and Greville quotes an instance in which Paulet tried its effect upon a dog, with a fatal result after twelve hours. Name — met, honey. Honey-coloured. Ft. Dan. i. 1013. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 44. Hyni. Eur. p. 44. Berk. Out. p. 96. t. A^.f. \. C. Hbk. ?i. 36. Illust. PI. 32. S. Mycol, Scot. n. 33. Grev. t. 332. Price t. 16, 32. Badh. i. t. 16. f. 3. ii. /. 9./". 3. KrotJibk. t. 43.7^ 2-6. Vittad. Fu7ig. ma?tg. t. 3. Vivian t. 51. Fr.dtl. Sv. t. 36. Hofftn. Ic. t. 21. f. t.. A. obscurus Schcrff. t. 74. A. annularius Bull. t. 377, 540.7^. 3. A. stipitis Sow. t. loi. A. mutabilis Fl. Bat. t. 824. A. laricinus Bolt. t. 19. ? A. millus Sow. t. 184. ? 58. A. subcavus Schum. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, white, umbo umber, somewhat membranaceous, convexo-plane, viscous, striate to the middle, the slightly fleshy disc umbonate. Stem 9 cent. (3^ in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) Xh'icV, Jistulose tipwards, equal, slightly dotted, even above the inferior and torn ring, white. Gills plane, decicrrent, white. Slender. More allied to the glutinous Lepiotce than to neighbouring species, but the gills are figured as decurrent. On the ground. Cirencester, 1873. Nov. Name — S7ib, and cazms, hollow. From the partially hollow stem. Schum. Fl. Dan. t. 1843. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 46. Monogr. i. /. 45. B. &^ Br. n. 1403, entirely white. ■*** Collybise annulatas. Gills equal behind.^ &^c. 59. A. mucidus Schrad. — Pileus commonly shining white, thin, almost diaphanous, hemispherical then expanded, obtuse. LEUCOSPORI. 33 more or less radiato-wriJikled, smeared over with a thick tenacious Armillaria. gluten; margin striate when thinner. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (iX~3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick at the apex, thickened at the base, 8 mm. (4 lin.), stuffed, thin, rigid, curved-ascending, smooth, white, but fuliginous-scaly at the base when most perfectly developed. Ring i7iserted at the apex of the stem, bent downwards and glued close to the stein, silicate; the white border again erect, with a swollefi a7id entire margi?i which sometimes becomes fuscous. Gills rounded behijtd, obtuse, adhering to the stem and striato- decurrent, distant, broad, lax, mucid, always shining white. Very variable in stature, from 2.5 cent, (i in.) (when of this size the stem is almost equal) to as much as 15 cent. (6 in. ) broad. The colour of the pileus varies grey, fuliginous, olivaceous. The gills sometimes become yellow, but only from disease. Sometimes solitary, sometimes a few are joined in a caes- pitose manner at the base. On beech. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Very beautiful, of an exquisite pellucid white. Tough and very sticky, Spores 14x17 mk. W.G.S. Name — mucus, slime. Schrad. Spic. p. 116, Fr. Mo?iogr. \. p. 46. Hym. Eur. p. 46. Berk. Out. p. 96, C. Hbk. n. 37 Illust. PI. 16. S. Mycol. Scot. ?t. 34. Sataid. fir" Sm. /, 5. Price t. 14 f. 91. Paul t. 139, bis. A. nitidus Ft. Dan Austr. t. 27. A. splendens Fl. Dan. t. 1130. Hartz. t. 35. ceous fuscous pileus=A. olivaceo-fuscus FL Dan. t. 1372. Quel. t. 2.f. I. t. 773. Tratt. Var. with oliva- Subgeinis IV. TRICHOLOMA (0pi|, a hair, Xw^a, a fringe). Tricholoma. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 36. Veil obsolete or only consisting of flocci or fibrils which adhere to the margin of the pileus. Stem fleshy, not fur- nished with a bark. Hymenophore continuous with the stem, gills sin- uate behind. All growing 07t the ground, fleshy, 7iever obconic or truly timbilicate. Fr. Hym. Etir. p. 47. The si7tuate gills distinguish this from all the other white-spored sub- genera. None are known to be truly poisonous. A few, such as A. sapo- 7iace7is, are suspicious. Series A. — Pileus viscous, fibrillose, scaly or pubescent, and not watery-moist or be- coming even. Flesh not absorbing moisture nor hygrophanous. Stem fibrillose, as is also the universal veil, which is adnate (and scarcely distinctly conspicuous) C V. Agarictis ( Tricholoma) sapona- cens. One-third natural size. 34 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. I, Limacina {Umax, a snail, slimy). Pellicle of the pileus viscous when damp, iyinatcly fibrillose or squamulose, but jiot becojning torn. Pileus truly and firmly fleshy, not hygrophanous, somewhat naked at the margin. * Gills not changing colour, nor at length rufescent. ** Gills changing colour, co)?imonly with reddish spots. II. Genuina. Pellicle of the pileus never (with one exception) viscous (not even moist by reason of the down upon it which absorbs the damp), but torn into somewhat scaly flocci or fibrils. Pileus with soft flesh, not hygrophanous, the margin involute and somewhat tomentose at first. Species which have the pileus fibrillose only from the veil must not be confounded with this section. Odour not unpleasant or none. * Gills not changing colour, nor marked with rufous or black spots. ** Gills rufescent or becoming cinereous, the edge com7nonly at length marked with rtfous or black spots. III. Rigida (r/^£'(3, to be stiff). Pellicle of the pileus rigid, punctato-granu- late, or broken up when dry into s7nooth squamules, not viscous, floccoso-scaly or torn into fibrils. Pileus rigid, in stout species hard, somewhat cartilaginous, in the thinner ones very fragile, the margin (except that of A. inacrorhizus Lasch.) naked. Young specimens occur which are fibrillose, but from the veil, and not from the laceration of the cuticle, as also other young and small ones which are not broken up. Odour in the majority of species unpleasant. ■* Gills white or becoming pale, not rifcsccnt, or becofning cinereous, nor spotted. ** Gills changing colour, rufescent or becoming cinereous or spotted. IV. Sericella [sericeus, silky). Pileus (without a distinct pellicle) at the first slightly silky, soon becotning smooth, very dry, neither moist, nor viscid, nor hygrophanous, nor distinctly scaly. Pileus somewhat thin, opaque, absorbing moisture, but the flesh of the same colour as the gills and not hygrophanous ; stem in all the species fleshy-fibrous whereby the smaller ones are distinguished from Collybicc which they resemble in appearance. A remarkable group, whereof the species must not be confounded with others (as they are liable to be) on account of the pileus having often become even, as if smooth. * Gills broad, rather thick, somewhat distant. Strong-scented. ** Gills thin, crowded, narrow. Small and inodorous. Series B. Pileus even, smooth, neither villous nor scaly, nor viscous, but moist in rainy weather, in the earliest stage (but rarely conspicuously) pru- inose from the universal veil. Flesh soft, spongy, or very thin, watery and hygrophanous. V. Guttata {gutta, a drop) or Prunuloidea (diminutive of prunum, a plum). Pileus fieshy, soft, fragile, spotted as if by drops or rivulose, stem solid. Vernal, occasionally but rarely met with a second time in autumn. Growing in troops or ccespitose (often forming rings). Fragrant especially when dried, anciently reckoned among the most savoury. * Gills whitish. ''* Gills changing colour, rufescent or fuliginous. *■> VI. Spongiosa (5/o«^/^, a sponge). Pileus compact then spongy, obtuse, even, smooth, 7noist and not hygrophanous. Firm, appearing late in the year, grow- ing in troops. Stem stout, commonly thickened at the base, fibroso-spongy. Pileus absorbing damp, fleshy quite to the margin. Gills at length spuriously (but sinuately) decurrent, so that old specimens may be easily mistaken for ClitocybcB. * Gills not changing colour. ** Gills changing colour. LEUCOSPORI. 35 VII, Hygrophana (v-ypos, wet, ^aCvui, to appear). P ileus thin, sotnewhat Tricholoma. umbonate, moist, and, as well as tlie flesh which is at le?igth soft, hygropha?ioi(s. Stem rootless, containing a pith, the whole fissile into fibres. Pileus unequally fleshy, hence more or less umbonate, very thin towards the margin. The colour of the pileus as of itself it becomes pale, as well as from its being hygrophanous, is very changeable in each individual species. Flesh moist, watery, at first compact, then soft, n6t exceeding in depth the width of the thin gills. The pileus is occasionally pulverulent, which is an abnormal varia- tion arising from the persistence of the veil in dry weather. * Gills whitish without spots. ** Gills violaceous, grey, fuliginous. SERIES A. I. — LiMACINA. ■^ Gills 7iot changing coloitr, &^c. 60. A. equestris Linn. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, pale yellowish, or brick-rufescent, disc and squamules darker becoming {nscous, co?)ipactly fleshy, unequal, convex then plane, very obtuse, flexuoso-repand ; squainicles i?tnate, but the pileus of itself entire (not torn), smooth, viscous, the margin, which is bent inwards when young, naked; flesh thick, whitish. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, here and there elongated, remarkably fleshy, solid, hard, squaimilose, stilphiir-yellow, internally white. Gills emarginate or rounded, scarcely adnexed, broad, somewhat ventricose, crowded, sitlphur-yellow. Stature commonly obese, robust. The colour of the pileus becomes green in later autumn. Odour none, taste pleasant. There are many sufficiently well- marked varieties: Var. pinastreti Alb. & Schw. differs in its stem being 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, fibrillose, sulphur-yellow or whitish, in its thin pileus being even, more regular, tan-colour, becoming fuscous-squamu- lose, with watery flesh, and in its gills being narrower. In fir woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Spores ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 6-8 x 4 mk. K.; 5x4 mk. W. G.S. Name — eques, a knight. From its handsome appearance compared with others in the same group. "A knight among the common people." Lifin. Succ. n. 1219. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 50. Hym. Eur. p. 48. Berk. Out. p. 97. t. 4./. 2 (a smaller darker form). C. Hbk. n. 38. Illust. PL 72. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 36. Gonn. fir" Pab. t. 13. /. i. Brig. Neap. t. 6. A. aureus Schceff. t. 41,. A. flavovirens Pers. — Kronibh. 68./. 18-21. Hartz. t. 22. 61. A. sejunctus Sow. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fine light yellow, streaked-fjiscoiis with innate fibrils, fleshy, con- vex then expanded, gibbous, the umbo at length vanishing, viscid in wet weather; flesh thin, fragile, shining white. Stem solid, stout, ventricose, then elongated, as much as 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, and as thick as the finger, even, smooth, shining white, 36 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. delicately squaiimlose at the apex. Gills emarginate, broad, some- what distant, shi?ii?ig tuhite. Odonr almost that of Jiew meal ; taste bitterish. Differing widely from A. equestris, &c., in the flesh being fragile. With this there is commonly con- founded a fungus almost of the same colour, but mild, with longer striate stem, and with tan-coloured, black-streaked pileus, 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in.) broad, which is perhaps a form of ^. portentosus disguised by difference of colour. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon, Autumn. Pileus dirty yellow or nearly white ; gills whitish and thickest near the stem, somewhat flattened as it were by separating from it in a peculiar manner, and partly adhering to each other. Sow. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — sejunctus, separated. From the peculiar manner in which the gills separate from the stem. Sow. t. 126. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 52. Hy7n. Eur. p. 48. Ico7i. t. 23. Berk. Out. p. 97, C. Hbk. n. 39. Illiist. PI. 53, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 37. 62. A. portentosus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent, {^s in.) broad, f!iligi?ious, livid, sometimes violaceous, fleshy, but thin in com- parison with the stoutness of the stem, convexo-plane, somewhat umbonate, unequal and repand, viscid, streaked with black lities (innate fibrils), but otherwise even and smooth, the very thin margin naked ; flesh not compact, white, fragile. Stem com- monly 7.5 cent. (3 in.), often 10-15 cent, (4-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent. (i in.) thick, stout, solid, the whole remarkably fibrous-fleshy, somewhat equal, Jiaked, but Jibrilloso-striate, white ; the base, which is occasionally attenuato-rooted, villous. Gills rounded, almost free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin,) to as much as 2.5 cent, (i in,) broad, distant, white, but varying, becoming pale-grey or yellow. Solitary or gregarious, even caespitose ; inodorous, taste mild. Sometimes on naked sandy ground a smaller form occurs with a somewhat bulbous stem, A beautiful variety with sulphur-yellow pileus and fuliginous disc : Sau?id. ^ S?n. t. 32. In fir woods, and among dead leaves. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 4-5x3-4 mk. K. ; 5x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — portentosus, strange, monstrous. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 52. Hyi7i. Eur. p. 48. Icon. t. 24. f. I. Berk. Out. p. 97. C. Hbk. ?i. 40, Illust. PI. 54. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 38. A. fumosus Harz. t. 73. 63. A. fucatus Fr, — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, rarely more 10, 12.5 cent. (4, 5 in.), becoming lurid-yellow, or cinereous- light-yellow, variegated with tiger-spots, the disc darker, _/f^j-/rK, convexo-plane, obtuse, often irregular, viscid, but readily dry and opaque, even, s7nooth and not streaked W\\\i innate fibrils; margin thin, naked, scarcely inflexed ; flesh thin, pallid, at length fragile. Stem 5-7.5 cent, (2-3 in.) long, 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin,) thick, stuffed, soft, ascending or straight, somewhat equal, externally at first LEUCOSPORI. 37 minutely and densely sqiiajmdose, then remarkably fibrillose, Tricholoma. variegated with fibrils zuJiicJi are at le?igth blackish, white and delicately white pruinose at the apex, otherwise becoming pale- white and at length fragile. Gills deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded, fragile, whitish. Trama hyaline, almost of the same colour as the flesh of the pileus. A most distinguished species, not rightly allied to any ; polymorphous, and hence it has been confounded alike with A. portentostis, from which it is most dis- tinct, and with A. quinqiiepartitus. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Oct.-Nov. Spores ovoid, punctate, 5 mk. Q. Na.me—/uco, to dye, stained. Fr. Monogr. i, p. 54. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Icon. t. 24. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 97. C. Hbk. 71. 41, lllust. PL yi,. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 39. 64. A. quincLuepartitus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, pallid light-yellow, fleshy, thin at the circumference, con- vex then flattened, repand, even, smooth, by no mea?is streaked, viscid, fragile ; flesh, with exception of the disc, thin, fragile, white and somewhat hygrophanous. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, commonly attenuated from the base to the apex, 12 mm. (X in.) and more thick, solid, fleshy, striate, smooth, white. Gills emarginate, not crowded, 12 mm. XYz in.) broad, white. Odour none, taste mild. Repand forms of^. portentostis and A. fucaf us have been confounded with this ; it is readily distinguished from the former by the pileus being by no means streaked, and from the latter by the smooth striate ste.m. Among pine-leaves. Very rare. Name — qtiinquepartitus, with five-fold division. The name has no sig- nification in regard to the plant. It was given by Linnaeus to a species which cannot now be identified, and was adopted by Fries for this one, because it was found near the residence of Linnasus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 54. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Ico7t. t. 25. C. lllust. PI. 74. 65. A. resplendens Fr. Wholly shining white. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, wholly and equally fleshy, but not compact, at first convex, at length flattened, obtuse, when fresh quite even, smooth, viscous ; when dry beautifully s\\vtry-shini7ig, often with hyaline spots ; the disc becoming yellow, and the surface appear- ing adpressedly silky, although it is smooth ; inargin straight. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more thick, .ff?//^, wholly fleshy and stout, sometimes equal, sometimes bul- bous, even, smooth or slightly flocculose only at the apex, dry, occasionally curved. Gills almost free when young, then remark- ably emarginate, somewhat crowded, rather thick, but thin at the edge, quite entire, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, equally attenuated in front. 38 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Gregarious ; odour pleasant ; taste mild. Habit in a measure that of Hy- grophoriis eburneits. Doubtless edible. In woods, beech, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — 7-esplendens, shining brightly. Fr. Monogr. i. f. 55. Hyjii. Eur. p. 49. Icon. t. 29. f. I. B. 6^ Br. n. 1337. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 40. C. Illust. PI. 55. 66. A. spermaticus Fr. White. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, repand, smooth, viscous (shining when dry), margin at first be?it i7i'wards, naked. Stem stuff"ed then hollow, elongated, twisted, even. Gills emarginate, some- what distant, eroded. Like A. Col2i7?ibetta, but of a stinking odour, always unspotted. In woods. Coed Coch. Oct. Pileus several inches across. M.J.B. Poisonous. Name — o-Trep/xa, semen. Of the odour. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 49. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. n. 42. Illust. PL 87. Paul. t. 45. ■** Gills changing colour, &^c. 67. A. colossus Fr. — Pileus brick-colour, date-brown at the sides, when young in the form of a tuber, the margin very closely bent inwards-involute, embracing the constricted part of the stem ; then hemispherical, the still closely inflexed margin whitish, even and smooth — at length unfolded, plano-convex and depressed, always very obtuse, repand, 20 cent. (8 in.) and more, broken up into scales, slightly viscid round the margin in wet weather; flesh dry, very hard, remarkably fibrous, 5 cent. (2 in.) thick, everywhere tiirjting to a flesh-brick-red colour when broken. Stem solid, flesh the same throughout and very compact, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) lo7ig and the ovato-bnlboiis base equally thick, but very much constricted at the apex, where it is only 5 cent. (2 in.) thick, definitely two-coloured; the bulbous part smooth in itself but torn into fibres, brick-tawny ; the constricted part, which is at the first enclosed by the closely involute pileus, floccose and shining white. Gills rounded-free, at first narrow and crowded, white, then broader, more distant, entire, at length 12 mm. {% in.) broad, fragile, torn, pallid brick-red. When young the tuber-like pileus rests upon a bulb like Cortinarii of sec- tion Scauri, and emerges from the ground covered over with soil and pine- leaves. At first the stem appears as a deformed tuber, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, depressed, bearing the pileus obliquely. On account of the stem being oblique, the gills are emarginate-decurrent on its outer side. Odour none. The largest and hardest of all Agarics hitherto found. LEUCOSPORI. 39 Under Scotch firs and elm. Near Taunton. Oct. Tricholoma. Var. Pileus about lo cent. (4 in.) across, irregularly lobed and undulated, m-nutely scaly, grey: stem about 5 cent. (2 in. ) high, thicker upward, buff, yelow at the base ; gills rather wide, pallid. Smell strong, like that of cheese. B.^Br. Spores 6x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — koAoo-o-os, a gigantic statue. Fr. Monogr. p. 47. Hym. Eur. p. 50. Icon. t. 21, 22. C. Hbk. n. 61. Ilhst. PL 75. B. b' Br. ?i. 1190, var. 6J. A. nictitans Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, beconmg yellow, disc darker, fleshy, but thin, convex then flat- tenei, obtuse, eveii, smooth, viscid ; flesh white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) thick, solid, fleshy, equal or atten- uatec upwards, truncate at the base, dry, sqiiaiimlose at the apex, pallid light-yellow. Gills round ed-adnexed, crowded, rather broad, somevhat ventricose, and without a decurrent tooth, light-yellow, when old here and there with rufescent spots. Inodorous, mild. Distinguished from A. flavobrun7ietis by the stem not being vi:cous and not attenuated but rather thickened at the base, blunt, be- coming 3ellow, by the pileus being moderately thin, not streaked, and by the gills beirg at first rounded-free without a decurrent tooth, and at length (when the pileuj is depressed) only obtusely adnexed to the stem. In woods. Rare. Sept. Spores 9 X 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — nictitans, winking. Meaning not apparent Fr. Mo7iogr. \. p. 56. Hym. Eur. p. 50. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. n. 43. Ilust. PL 56. Hussey, ii. /. 46. BulL t. 574. /i i. * A. fulvellus Fr. — Pileus pale -yellowish -rufescent or tan colour, leshy, convex, plane, viscous, even, the darker disc dotted- wri?iklel. Stem stuffed then hollow, fibrillose, whitish-rufescent, naked £t the apex. Gills rounded then emarginate, crowded, white, rufescent. Sometines very small, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.). Inodorous. Subjoined to A. nictitins on the authority of Bulliard ; it seems nearer to A. flavobrunneus, to which it is very similar in habit, and to A. ustalis, although very different in appeaiance. In woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Spores 4 mk. W.G.S. Name — diminutive oi fulvus, tawny. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 50. Berk. Out. p. 98. C. Hbk. ?i. 44. Illust. PL S7- A. fulvus lutL t. 555. /. 2. 69. A. flavobrunneus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, •ufous-tawny with a darker disc or altogether reddish -brown, ^eshy, conico- convex then flattened, broadly gibbous, viscous, ■itreaked with fibrils or innately squamulose (not torn) ; flesh moderately compact, white, but that of the stem either wholly or at least at the circumference sulphur -yellow. Stem 7.5-12.5 40 AGARICUS. I Tricholoma. ccnt. (3-5 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, rufescent or becoming fuscous, hollow, commonly ventricose (attenuated at both end^, equal only when smaller, rwioMS-Jibrillose, at the first viscid, atd naked at the apex. Gills e?}iarginate and at the same time 'e- markably deairrent with a toothy crowded, light-yellow, spottsd- rufous when touched or with age. / Odour of new meal, strong, rancid. Commonly growing in troops, and often caespitose. Sometimes the^'gills vary in colour pallid, nay whitish ; such t)rms are often confounded with A. albobru7i7ieus. Among varieties there is oie to be separately noted, th2?i?ier, with the pileus and the equal stem thin, thepaler pileus even and wrinkled-dotted only at the disc, and the gills whitish. / In deciduous woods. Frequent, Sept.-Oct. / Fries notes that it is commonly found in birch woods. Name — y?^zz/?^?, light- yellow, bruftficus, brown. From the brown pileus and yellow gills. Fr. ilonogr. \. p. 56. Hyni. Eur. p. 51. Icon. t. 27./. i. Berk. Out. p. 98. C.Hbk. n. 45. Illust. PL 58. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 41. Letell. t. 707. 70. A. albobrunneus Pers. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.f broad, beautiful brown, fleshy, but compact only at the disc, ca7npin7date then hemispherical, viscid, becoming even, but remarkably :treaked with i7i7iate fibrils., the thin margin, which is at first ircurved, often wrinkled-crenate ; flesh scissile, shining white. StBm 4-5 cent. (i>2-2 in.) long, 2.5-4 cent, (i-i/^ in.) thick, solid, b2~i ii^-) thick, solid or stuffed, unequal, smooth, white. Gills emarginate, broad, very crowded, watery whitish. It differs from A. saponaceus (which is somewhat like it), A. sejunctus, and others which have been interchanged with it, in its mild taste, in its odour of new meal, in the flesh alike of the pileus and stem being soft, absorbing mois- ture, never rufescent, in the cuticle of the pileus not separating into scales, and in the thin crowded gills. In woods. Common. Sept.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-eUipsoid, 5 x 3-4 mk. K. ; 5-6 x 3-4 mk. B. Name — luridus, lurid. Schceff. t. 69. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 62. Hym. Eur. p. 54. Berk. Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. n. 51. Illust. PI. 214. Brigant. Neap. t. 7 (cuticle of pileus entire). 78. A. guttatus Schseff. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, cinnamon or somewhat pale yellowish, fleshy, convex then flattened, dry, broken up into somewhat granular or floccose squamules, margin remotely sulcate, at first involute, white- floccose ; flesh thick, white. Stem solid, mealy, white. Gills emarginate, decurrent in the form of lines, very crowded, snow- white. Somewhat caespitose. Odour and taste bitter, somewhat acrid. From the specimens of Lasch the pileus is rather floccose than granulose. In woods. Downton. 1878. 44 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Name — g2itta, a. drop. Spotted. Schceff. t. 240. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 54. B. &- Br. n. 1839. C. Illust. PI. 59. 79. A. columbetta Fr. Wholly shi7iiiig white. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fleshy, firm but not thick, convex then flattened, obtuse, flexuous, dry, at first sinooth, the?! silky-fibrillose and becoumig eve7i or squamulose, the margin, which is inflexed when young-, tomentose. Stem sometimes short, sometimes 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, almost 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, wholly fleshy and compact (not elastic), commonly unequal. Gills somewhat emarginate, abnost free, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, linear, per- siste7itly shifiijig white. Solitary, ifiodorous. The pileus does not become yellow as A. impolitus does, but is occasionally spotted-red. As the pileus changes with the condition of the atmosphere (moist when fresh and damp, but never watery) and with age, so the gills are narrow when young, then very broad. Widely removed from the rest of the white Tricholomata. There are certain well-marked forms: A) Stem obese, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in. ) thick, unequal, swollen, pileus always almost repand, even-lobed, at first smooth, even, at length rimosely scaly, the margin, which is inflexed when young, tomentose. Often spotted-reddish. In heathy birch woods, among mosses. B) Stem longer, equal, somewhat attenuated at the base ; pileus somewhat flexuous, silky- fibrillose, at length squamulose, sometimes becoming fuscous-spotted ; margin scarcely villous. In mixed damp thickets. A. sericeus Kroinbh. t. 25. /. 6, 7. C) Stem equal, cylindrical, as much as 10 cent. (4 in.) long, fibrilloso-striate ; pileus regular, flattened, 10 cent. (4 in.) broad, evidently fibrillose, margin naked ; flesh thin, scissile, occasionally spotted azure-blue. In shady beech woods. In woods and pastures. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. The centre of the pileus, as noted by Withering, is often dilute mouse- colour lightly shaded off. Edible ; taste mild but not mealy. Spores 6-8 x 3-4 mk. B. 5x4 mk. IV.G.S. Name — columba, a pigeon. Dove- coloured. Fr. Mo7Wgr. i. p. 63. Hym. Eur. p. 55. Icon. t. 29. f. 2. Berk, Out. p. 99. C. Hbk. 71. 52. Illust. PL 48. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 46. Letell. t. 625. Quel. t. i.f. 2. Go7i7i. &^ Rab. t. iS- f- !• Paul. t. 58, 80. A. scalpturatus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, at the first conical, covered with down, soon convexo- flattened, obtuse, variegated-fuscous above the white ground from the cuticle bei7ig broke7i 7ip i?tto adpressed, scattered, fioccose^ tmiber or riifesce7it scales, which become more rare and minute towards the margin ; flesh not thick but slightly firm, whitish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in.) thick, solid, sometimes attenuated, sometimes thickened at the base, firm, white, not scaly, adpressedly fibrillose. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, ventricose, quite entire, white, becoming yellow when old and dried, but never becoming cinereous. It differs from A. terrei/s, to which it is certainly allied, in its firmer stature, in the gills being white then becoming yellow, and in the obtuse whitish pileus being as it were scratched on account of the minute rarer adpressed scales. LEUCOSPORl. 45 In fir woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Tricholoma. Name — scalpto, to scratch. From its scratched appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. -p. 6i. Hyvi. Eur. p. 55. Berk. Out. p. loi. C. Hbk. n. 50. Illust, PL 215. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 47. Batt. t. 15 F. A. argyraceus, Berk. Eng. F'l. V. p. 18, partly. Var. virescens Wharto?i, turning yellowish-green. C. Illust. descr. ** C^zy/j" 7'ufesce?ti or becoming ci?iereotis, &^c. 81. A. imbricatus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, rufous-umber or umber, very opaque, fleshy, compact, broadly convex then flattened, obtuse, very dry, continuous at the disc, otherwise torn into sqiiamides, and fibrillose towards the circum- ference ; margin thin, at first when inflexed slightly pubescent, then quite naked; flesh firm, moderately thick, white. Stem solid., stout, sometimes short, conico-bulbous, 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, sometimes extended, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long and almost equal, adpressedly fibrillose, white at the apex, ivhite-pnlvenilent with squamnles. Gills slightly emarginate, almost adnate, somewhat crowded, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, wholly white when young, at length rufous. Scattered or growing in troops. Stem sometimes pierced by larvae. In pine woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. The stem is very often variously bent and attenuated at the base. The names of this and of A. vacciiius have been transposed. A. vaccinus is much more scaly than A. imbricatus. Edible according to old authors. Spores 6x4-5 mk. K. ; 6-7x4 mk. B.; 4x5 mk. W.G.S. ; 5 mk. W.P. Name— imbrex, a tile; imbricated. Fr.- Mo?wgr. \. p. 64. Hym. Eur. p. 56. Icon. t. 30. Berk. Out. p. 99. /. 4./. 3. C. Hbk. n. 53. Illust. PL 199, not PL 60. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 48. Go?in. &• Pab. t. 18./. i. 82. A. vaccinus Pers. — Pileus when young 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, when full grown and largest 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.), rtifous, fleshy, cajnpamilate the7i expanded, umbonate, wholly tor?i up into floccose squarrose, or, when smaller, adpressed scales, dry, mar- gin at first involute, tomentose ; flesh, alike of the pileus and of the fibrous stem, white, then reddish. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 8-16 mm. (4-8 lin.) thick, hollow, eqiial, round, remarkably fibrillose, more or less manifestly furnished with a cortina, naked (not white -pulverulent) at the apex, whitish-rufescent. Gills slightly si?iuate, almost adnate, somewhat distant., 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) broad, at first whitish, then spotted-rufous and at length ru- fescent. The flesh of the stem is less diffused into that of the pileus than usual. Growing in troops. Earlier than A. imbricatus, the flesh of the pileus is very much thinner than that of A. imbricatus. The at first involute tomentose margin serves instead of a veil. 46 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. In fir woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Taste disagreeable. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 6 mk. K. Name — vacca, a cow. From the reddish-brown colour. Pers. Syn. p. 293 (exclud- ing synonym Schceff.) Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 65. Hym, Eur. p. 56. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 54. Illust. PL 60. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 49. Batsch f. 116. A. rufus. Pers. Ic. and descript. t. 2. f. 1-4. 83. A. immundus Berk. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) or more broad, dirty white stained with bistre, fleshy, at first convex, minutely silky ; margin inflexed, silky or minutely scabrous and squam- ulose. Stem fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills emarginate, marked with transverse lines, somewhat cinereous with a pinkish tinge. Casspitose. Every part blackish when bruised. Border deflexed. Among short grass on sheep's dung. Rare. Oct. Name — iminundtis, dirty, discoloured. Berk. Out. p. 103. C. Hbk. n. 72. Illust. PL 6r. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 213. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 56. 84. A. gausapatus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, grey-ci?iereous, fleshy, somewhat thin, biiUate or obtusely cam- panulate, the fiexiioiis be7it-in margin to9ne7itose-woolly, then ex- panded, repand, tomeiitose with dense, superficial, separating, silky- adpressed fibrils, somewhat woolly. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) and more thick, solid, stout, equal, blunt, \2ix\y-fibril- lose, shinijig white, manifestly furnished with a cortina. Gills emarginate, free, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, grey. Allied to A. terreus, but larger, mild, inodorous, the form of the pileus re- markable. In grassy woods. Epping Forest. Spores 4x6 mk. IV. P. Name — gausapa (yavcra7r-»)s), a shaggy woollen cloth. From the covering of the pileus. Fr. Alojiogr. i. p. 67. Hy7n, Eur. p. 57. 85. A. terreus Schceff.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX-3 in-) broad, fuscous, mouse colour, grey, becoming azure-blue, &c., slightly fleshy, soft-fragile, ca?npanulate then expanded, umbonate, vil- lous, for the most part floccoso-scaly, sometimes broken up into dark (not white) innate adpressed fibrils, repand when larger; margin at first inflexed, naked ; flesh scissile, white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid.^ more rarely at length hollow, equal, becoming even with longitudinally ad- pressed fibrils, white and delicately white pruinose at the apex. Gills remarkably emarginate, so7newhat dista7it, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, unequal at the edge, white the7i beco7ning ci7iereous. LEUCOSPORI. 47 Inodorous, gregarious, varying solitary and caespitose. Cortina 7i07ie. Tricholoma. Sometimes larger with the pileus repand, scaly, and fibrillose ; sometimes smaller, regular, with the pileus papillate, dotted with squamules, and with the margin at first inflexed. The margin of the pileus is not bearded with white down like that of A. gausapatus. In woods, chiefly under beech. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores ellipsoid - sphceroid, 6-7x4 mk. K. ; 5-6x3-4 mk. B. ; 6 mk, W.G.S. Name — terra, the earth. Earth-coloured. Schceff. t. 64 (not typical, connato-casspitose). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 67. Hym. Eiir. p. 57. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 57. Illust. PL 50. S. Mycol. Scot. ft. 50. Sow. t. 76. Ventur. t. ArS- f- 4? S- Saiaid. ^f Sfn. t. 44./. 2. Gon7i. fr' Rab. t. 17. f. 2. A. argyraceus B21II. t. 513. f. 2. A. myomyces Alb. fr Schw. Letell. t. 663./ 6. ■^ A. argyraceus Bull. — Gills and commonly pileus shining white. Name — apyvpo?, silver. From its shining appearance. Bull. t. 423. Fr. Hyjn. Eur. p. 58. Kalchbr. Hu?ig. t. 4. /. i. C. Illust. PL 165. * A. atrosQuamosus Chev. — Gregarious. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid cinereous, convex then flattened, umbonate, squamulose ; margin rather woolly, squamules of the pileus small, black. Stem 6-7.5 cent (2^-3 in.) long, 12 mm. (Yz in.) thick, stuff"ed, fibrillose, white, with a few black squamulose points about the apex, base slightly thickened. Gills ventricose, emar- ginate, rather thick, scarcely crowded. Name — ater, black, squamosus, scaly. In grassy places. Nov. Chev. Fung, fr Byss. Illus. Grevillea, vol. ix, p. 93. * A. orirubens Quel. — Pileus fleshy, convex, fragile, smooth, grey, brownish in the centre, clad with blackish fibrils. Stem solid, fibrous, white, streaked with rose at the base ; flesh white, odour mealy. Gills emarginate, undulated, white with the edge rose. Spores oval, white. On the ground. Oct. Name — os, mouth ; rubeo, to be red. From the red-edged gills, Quelet Jur. p. 327. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 41. C. Illust. PL 90. III. — RiGIDA. * Gills white or becoming pale, &^c. 86. A. macrorhizus Lasch. — Pileus 20 cent. (8 in.) broad, ochraceous, compact, convex then plane, even, smooth, then broken up in a tesselated manner. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) thick, solid, stout, whitish then ochraceous, very delicately granulated, with a thick, fieshy, blunt root. Gills emarginate, pallid. A magnificent fungus with a root which has no equal in size. Odour heavy, corpse-like. 4S AGARICUS. Trichoioma. Qn the ground. King's Lynn. Name — naKpo?, long, pi^a, a root. Lasch 7i. 240. Fr. Hym. Eu?'. p. 58. C. Illust. PL 278. A. macrocephalus 567z?(;/2:. 171 Kalchbr. Fung. Hung. p. 11. t. 3./. I. 87. A. saponaceus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, normally fuscous-livid, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, wholly smooth, moist in rainy weather, but never viscous, even, then when dry more or less rimoso-rivulose, dotted or broken up into scales ; margin thin, at first inflexed, very smooth ; flesh whitish, often becoming red. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {yi in.) and more thick, solid, often unequal, as curved, rooted at the attenuated base, pallid. Gills uncinato-emargin- ate, distant, thin, quite entire, in groups of 2-4, becoming pale- white. Pileus varying in colour, whitish, cinereous, green, becoming black. Stem sometimes smooth, sometimes squamulose when early in deciduous woods, sometimes elegantly reticulated with black fibrils in later autumn in moun- tainous pine woods, Fr. Icon. t. 32, lower fig. It varies with the gills becom- ing yellow, such as A. napipes Krombh. t. 28. f. 23, 24. Scarcely any species has been more confounded with others. It may always be safely distinguished by its odour, which is wholly peculiar, rather soapy than nitrous (quite different from that oi A. alkalinus, Hygrophorus 7}iurinaceus, &c. ), also Ijy the co7npact not fragile substa7ice, by the distant gills, by the smooth cjiticle of the pileus at length cracking itito scales, and likewise by spots, which are often reddish, both on the flesh and stem when wounded. In deciduous and pine woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. I have found an exceedingly handsome form in which the stem (figured in Cooke's Illust. PI. 216) is beautifully marked with regular zones of small black scales. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid or subsphaeroid, 5x4 mk. K.; 4-5 x 2-3 mk. B.; 6x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — sapo, soap. From the odour. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 69. Hy77i. Eur. p. 59. Ico7i. t. 32, upper fig. Berk. Out. p. Id. C. Hbk. 71. 58. Illust. PL 91, 216. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 51. A. argyraceus Berk. E7ig. Fl. v. p. 18 pa7'tly. A. madreporeus Batsch t. 36./". 203. A. argyrospemius Bull. t. 602. A. fusiformis Schu77i. Fl. Dan. t. 1729. A. murinaceus A"r6'OT(^/^. t. 72./. 6-18. 88. A. cartilagineus Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad, fleshy, not compact, rigid, somewhat fragile, convex then expanded, gibbous, undulated, smooth, delicately and densely black-dotted irom. the cuticle being broken in minute cracks; flesh white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more long, almost 2.5 cent. (i in.) thick, hollow, curt and firm, but fragile, shi7iing white, the suj'face polished, even, smooth. Gills emarginato-sinuate, crowded, moderately thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white, then becoming pale- grey but pure. When young convex, obtuse, with the involute margin pubescent, then ex- panded, undulato-repand (rimosely incised when dry), very obtuse, with the LEUCOSPORI. 49 margin remaining deflexed and incurved ; always very dry, at the very first Tricholoma. 7ni?iutely and very densely grariulated , but the granules are wholly innate, having originated from the cuticle being broken up ; granules at the first so continuous that the pileus is black ; when full grown, however, the granules are so distinct, on account of the small cracks, that the white ground shines through between myriads of them, wherefore the pileus appears as very densely black-dotted. No distinct odour. Formerly confounded with a form oi A. sap07iaceus. In grassy places in woods, pastures. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Spores sphaerical, 8 mk. Q. Name — cartilage, cartilage. From its texture. Bull. t. 589. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 70. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 33. Berk. Out. p. loi. C. Hbk. n. 59. Illust. PI. 166. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 52. Smith in Seem. Jourri. Bot. iii. p. loi. 89. A. loricatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, some- times umber, sometimes livid-fuscous, paler round the margin, slightly fleshy, lax, cainpmiulate then convex, most frequently undulated, even sinuato-lobed, moist (slightly viscid), smooth, piinctato-rttgiilose imder a lens, clothed as in a cuirass with a thick hor?ty separate cuticle j flesh peculiar, scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fleshy-fibrous, but very tough, so7newhat hollow, twisted, irregular, equal or attenuated downwards, rooted, brick-fuscous, fibrilloso-striate under a lens. Gills quite free and separable from the hymenophore, very crowded, ventricose, quite entire, whitish-straw colour. The 2ipper cuticle is 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat horny, fuscous, wholly different from the pith of the stem, which (pith) enters at the centre between the cuticle and the hymenophore which is continuous with the stem. Odour strong, not pleasant, but not soapy. In mixed woods. Glamis, 1875. Sept. The flesh of the pileus is simply a prolongation and expansion of the pith of the stem between the horny cuticle and the hymenophore. Name — lorica, a leather cuirass. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 71. Hym. Eur. p. 60. Icon. t. 35. f. 2. B. b= Br. 71. 1503. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 53. 90. A. atrocinereus Pers. — Pileus 4 cent, (ij^ in.) broad, cinereous, the prominent disc darker, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, dry, opaque, at first even and entire, at length rimosely i?icised and revolute at the margin, but not broken up into scales. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, stuffed, in- ternally soft and when moist hyaline, equal, cylindrical, slightly striate with longitudinally adpressed fibrils, and staked at the apex, but smooth and whitish. Gills sometimes free, sometimes de- current with a tooth or arcuato-adnexed, more or less ventricose^ thin, crowded, hyaline-white. D 50 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Fragile. Odour of new meal. Flesh of the pileus when the plant is moist obscurely hyaline, hygrophanous. Allied to A. ciaieifoliiis in its very fragile nature and odour, but larger and distinguished by many marks. On grassy ground. Hothorpe Norths, (Sec. Name — ater, black, cinereus, ash-coloured. Pers. Syn. p. 348. Fr. Mofwgr. i. p. 72. Hyin. Eur. p. 60. Ico7i. t. '^\. f. 2.. C. Illust. PI. 52. a. 91. A. cuneifolius Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (K-i in.) broad, fuscous or livid, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at length depressed, even, smooth, then cracked, ofte?i conce?itrically, into broad scales. Stem 2.5-4 cent. {1-1% in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, rarely more, hollow, attenuated downwards, rarely equal, somewhat fibrillose becoming smooth, white-pruinose at the apex, pallid. Gills obovate-wedge-shaped, very much attenuated behind, slightly adnexed but somewhat decurrent, in front how- ever dilated and obliquely truncate, crow^ded, connected by veins, fragile, white. The smallest of this group, very fragile ; odo7ir of new meal. It is most distinct from the form of the gills and odour. In pastures, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov, Surface of the pileus rufous where not broken up. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 4-6x2-3 mk. K.; 5 mk. W.G.S.; ovoid-pruniform, finely punctate, 5-6 mk. Q. Name — cu7ieus, a wedge, folirim, a leaf. From the shape of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 72. Hym. Eur. p. 61. Berk. Out. p. 102. C. Hbk. n. 60. Illust. PL 52. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 54. A. cinereo-rimosus Batschf. 206. C. Illust. PI. 261. A. ovinus var, Btill. t. 580. a, b. ■^^ Gills changing colour, &^c. 92. A. crassifolius Berk.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, ochraceous, disc umber, fleshy, rather wavy, umbonate, at length often depressed, minutely adpresso-squamulose ; flesh very firm. Stem 4-5 cent. {1^2-2 in.) long, 9 mmx. (^ in.) thick, solid, nearly equal, pruinose, much paler than the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed or nearly free, acute behind, moderately distant, thick, at length yellowish, stained with brown. Gregarious, subcaespitose. Smell rather strong. Sometimes in large old specimens the epidermis cracks in broad scales, but then these are clothed with the smaller ones. The gills have somewhat the appearance of those of DcBdalia betulina. It does not appear to be viscid in any state. In fir woods. Uncommon. Oct. Name — crassus, thick, folium, a leaf. From the thick gills. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. n. 55. Illust. PI. 92. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 6i. A. pachy- phyllus Bei'k. Eng. Fl. v. p. i6. LEUCOSPORI. 51 93. A. tumidus Pers. — Pileus 7.5 cent (3 in.) broad, cinereous- THchoioma. livid, vcvicgated with tiger-spots, fleshy, irregularly shaped, bid- late, then undulated when expanded, and at length rivwsely in- cised, moist in rainy weather, somewhat shijiing when dry ; margin thin, at first bent inwards, somewhat lobed ; flesh white. Stem 7.5 cent, (3 in.) long, 18 mm. {}^ in.) thick, solid, fleshy-fibrous, stout, sometimes swollen, smooth, striate, shining white^ often at- tenuated into a root at the base. Gills emarginate, 12 mm. (X in.) broad, thicker at the base, somewhat distant, sJiining wJiite, at length cinereous-rufescent. Somewhat cartilaginous, at length rigid-fragile. Odour and taste weak, not unpleasant. Its dimensions vary very much ; sometimes among the taller mosses the stem is elongated, slender, and the pileus much smaller. Allied to CUtocybce difformes. In moist pine woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Spores 4x6 mk. W.P. Name — tumidus, swollen. Pers. Syn. p. 350. Fr. Mo7iogr. i, p. 74. Hym. Eur. p. 62. 5. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vi. p. 213. Krombh. t. y-z. /. i-^. C. Illust. PI. 93. Var. Keithii Phill. & Plow. — This differs from the type in its cinereo-rufescent pileus, less turgid, dirty-white stem, which has brownish innate fibres, and in being tinged with red, especially near the base. In some of its characters it agrees with A. sudus Fr. , from which it differs in its undulating pileus, distant gills and often rooting stem. The whole plant is fragile, the gills have a cinereous tinge, usually at length becoming rufescent. It frequently has a powerful odour of new meal, and is intermediate between A. sudus and A. tumidus, but is pearer the latter. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 65. 94. A. murinaceus Bull. — Wholly becoming cinereous. Pileus fleshy, thin, campanulate then expanded, silky, rimosely scaly and streaked. Stem stuffed, stout, variegated with ininute squa7miles. Gills broad, distant, undulated, cinereous. Strong- smelling, large, robust, but fragile. Formerly referred to Hygrophorus jiitrosus, from which it is very different, although both species agree in the alkaline odour. In open woods and pastures. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Pileus II cent. (4K in.) across, at first campanulate, slightly umbonate, then expanded, thin, firm, but very brittle, mouse-coloured, cracked and vir- gate, silky, not the least viscid; flesh white. Stem^7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the top, cracked and streaked, silky, with minute black scales, solid but fibrous, not the least stuffed or hollow. Gills very broad, un- dulate, distant, having a tendency to become forked and anastomosing, brittle, often marked with raised lines, cinereous, powdery, interstices slightly veined, edge at length black. Taste bitter, unpleasant; odour not nitrous. M.J.B. The plant which I have gathered during several seasons corresponds exactly 52 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. with the figure of Bulliard and with Berkeley's description. The stem is fre- quently twisted, slightly flattened, with deep longitudinal channels. The figure in Cooke's ' Illustrations ' does not represent Bulliard's plant. Spores 5x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — ??ius, a mouse. Mouse - coloured. Bz^lL t. 520. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 62. B. 6^ Br. n. 261. Berk. Out. p. 100. C. Hbk. ?i. 56. Illust. PL 49. ? S. Mycol. Scot. n. 55. Sow. t. 106. 95. A. virgatus Fr.— Pileus grey-cinereous, the umbo often darker, fleshy, but not thick, rigid, convex then flattened, some- what umbonate, very dry even in rainy weather, smooth, becoming even, h\k\. elegantly streaked with fi7ie black lines (innate fibrils); broken up into squamules when old ; margin straight and at the first naked ; flesh thin, cinereous-whitish. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. (^ in.) and more thick, solid, firm, equal or tuberous at the very base, striate, commonly smooth, sometimes squamulose, whitish, white within. Gills broadly emarginate, 6- 10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, crowded, becoining hoary. Most distinct. Inodorous ; taste bitter like gall when young, but flavourless when old. Var. major (in beech woods) pileus black-squamulose, the scales separating. In mixed wood, Forres, Sac. Aug.-Oct. Spores sphaeroid or subsphasroid, 6-8x5-6 mk. A'./ 5-7x4-5 mk. IV.P. ; ellipsoid-sphaeroid, punctate, 8-10 mk. C.B.P. ; ovoid, dotted, 6-7 mk. Q. Name — viri^a, a twig or stripe. Streaked. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 75. Hym. Eur. p. 62. Ico?i. t. 34. f. I. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1504. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 56. C. Illust. PI. 167. IV. — Sericella. * Gills broad, rather thick, sonewhat distant. 96. A. sulphureus Bull. — Pileus i-io cent. {Yz-^ in.) broad, dingy or 7'tffesce?it sulphur-yellow, fleshy, at the first somewhat globose, soon convexo-plane, somewhat timbo?iate, at length de- pressed, unequal, at the first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth and even. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, somewhat equal but often curved, rather smooth, striate, sulphur-yellow, of the same colour and fibrous within. Gills adfixed, narrowed behind, arcuato-emarginate, rather thick, dista?it, distinct, brighter sulphur-yellow than the pileus. Gregarious ; very variable in dimensions ; odour strong, stinking. In mixed woods. Common, Sept.-Nov. Odour like that of gas-tar or Heinerocallis flava. M.J.B. Probably a dan- gerous species. Spores 4-5 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — siilphur, brin)Stone. Sul- phur-coloured. Bull. t. 168. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. p. 76. Hyin. Eur. p. 63, Berk. Out. p. 102. t. 4. f. 4. C. Hbk. 71. 62. niust. PL 62. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 57. Sow. t. 44. Fl. Da7i. t. 1910. y. I. Go7i7j. 5f Rab. t. 13./. 2. Paul. t. 85- /■ 3, 4. LEUCOSPORI. 53 97. A. bufonius Pers. — Pileus umber, fuscous-tan, &c., fleshy, THcholoma. convexo-plane, somewhat timbonate, at first slightly silky, soon becoming smooth, doited-wrinkled, opaque. Stem stuffed, equal, Jiocculose. Gills arcuato-subdecurrent, somewhat distant, yellow- tan and pallid. Its odour (milder) and stature are the same as those of A. sulphtireus, but it is more regular in form. Otherwise it does not seem to differ unless in the darker wri?i ked -dotted pileiis, ihe. ftocculose ste7ii, and the tuore crowded, paler (sulphur-tan) _o-?7/j. Pileus becoming black-umber. Bull. t. 545./. 2. O. In fir and mixed woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Spores subsphasroid, 3-4x2-3 mk. K. 'Na.me—bufo, a toad. Pileus like a toad's back. Pers. Syn. p. 359. ? Fr. Monogr. i. p. jj. Hy7n. Eur. p. 63. B. df Br. n. 786. C. Hbk. ?i. 63. Illust. PL 181. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 58. Kalchbr. t. 39./. i. Compare ^«//. t. 545./". 2. 98. A. lascivus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid- ta7i, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, at length somewhat de- pressed^ delicately silky then becoming smooth, even, dry, margin at first involute ; flesh white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, solid, rigid, wholly fibrous, equal, fibrillose, whitish, rooted and to7nentose at the base, white-pruinate at the apex. Gills arcuato- adnexed, at length arcuato-decurrent (otherwise horizontal), thin, crowded, white. Intermediate between A. sulph7ireus and A. inaiJiaetius. Odour the same, but clearly different from both in its crowded gills. The gills are conspicu- ously thinner and more crowded than those of A. sulphureus. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Name — lascivus, disgusting. From the smell. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. p. 77. Hym. Eur. p. 64. Ico7i. t. 38./. I. Berk. Ozit. p. 102. C. Hbk. n. 64. Illust. PI. 94. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 59. Var. robustus C. Illust. PI. 217. 99. A. inamoenus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, be- coming pale, dingy-white, fleshy, moderately thin (but flesh com- pact, shining white), convex then flattened, somewhat unibonate, very dry, slightly silky then becoming smooth, even. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, solid, firm, equal, rather smooth, white. Gills variously adfixed, normally emargin- ate with a decurrent tooth, but sometimes truly adnato-decurrent, plane, rather thick, very broad, very dista7it, distinct, shi?ti7ig white. Among mosses the stem is enlarged at the rooted villous base. Odour that of A. sulphureus, but stronger, very foetid. It is distinguished from all neigh- bouring species by the very distant, shining white gills. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. 54 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Spores sphaeroid or ovoid-ellipsoid, 9-iiX5-7mk. K. Name — inamcenus, unpleasant. From the odour. Fr. Monogr. p. 78. Hym. Eur. p. 64. Icon, t. 38./. 2. Berk. Out. p. 102. B. &^ Br. n. 1733*. C. Hbk. ?i. 65. Ilhtst. PI. jj. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 60. Sow. t. 121, otherwise very distinct, exactly represents its habit. ** Gills thill.) croivded, narrow. 100. A. cerinus Pers. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. {\-\}i in.) broad, di7igy wax-colour, or becoming fuscous, fleshy, convex then flat- tened, obtuse and at length depressed, very opaque, very dry, even and becoming smooth ; flesh thin, but firm, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, Jibrilloso- striate, yellow, base smooth (often fuscous). Gills sinuato-ad- nexed, separating, horizontal, plane, very thi7i and c?'owded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, dark-yellow or wax colour, but the spores wholly white. Diminutive, approaching Clitocybce in the structure of the stem, but the gills in properly developed specimens are sinuate. There is one form with the pileus repand, 4 cent. {\% in.) broad; another smaller, scarcely 2.5 cent (i in.) with the stem fuscous. Associated with pine. Glamis, 1877, «^c. June-July. Pileus generally much paler round the margin. Name — cera, wax. Wax- coloured. Pers. Syyi. p. 321. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 79. Hym. Eur. p. 64, Ico7i. t. 29- /• !• ^- Mycol. Scot. n. 61. C. Illust. Pi. 95. 101. A. ionides Bull. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, com- monly violet or lilac, fleshy, campanulato-convex then plane, ii7?i- bonate, even, becoming somewhat smooth, changing colour, margin at the first flocculose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, elastic, attenuated, fibrillose. Gills emar- ginate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, eroded, white, becoming paler. Very changeable in form and colour ; the smaller it is the darker, commonly becoming violet or lilac, when smaller fuscous-purple or reddish-livid, becom- ing pale with age. In moist woods and open pastures. King's Cliffe, i860. Aug. Smell not very decided but pleasant ; rather like that of Lactarius theiogalus. B. fir" Br. According to Bulliard the stem is swollen at the base. Name — \ov, a violet. Violet-coloured. Biill. t. 533. f. 3. Fr. Hy77i. Eur. p. 65. Syst. Myc. i. p. 107. B. ^ Br. 71. 902. C. Hbk. 71. 66. Illust. PI. 95. A. purpureus Pers. Bolt. t. 41. (a very small form). * A. pravus Lasch. — Fuscous-reddish. Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded, umbonate, silky under a lens. LEUCOSPORI. 55 Stem stuffed then hollow, floccose, attenuated downwards. Gills Trkholoma. adnexed with a tooth, eroded, white-pulverulent. Varying like the type, than which it is smaller, thinner, more fragile ; fus- cous-purple, lilac-reddish, livid. In a stove. July. Lasch Litin. iv. 7i. 532. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 65. B. ^ Br. ?i. 1191. 102. A. carneus Bull. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, red then flesh colour and at length becoming white with a lustre, thin, slightly fleshy, at the first hemispherical, then convex and regular, obtuse and at length flattened and reflexed, often with an umbo, commonly repand, even excentric, even, smooth, dry, in no wise hygrophanous ; flesh tough, snow-white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and less, attenuated downwards, 2 mm. (i lin.), at the apex almost 4 mm. (2 lin.), thick, toiighly fibrous, almost cartilaginous, rigid, at first stufl"ed then hollow, flesh-colour then whitish, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Gills roimded, somewhat free, horizontal, very crowded, broader behind, 2-3 mm. (i-i/4 lin.) broad, very shi/iing white. In habit, and in the nature of the stem, it rather approaches Collybice, but its affinity with other species in this group is manifest. In, fields and by waysides in woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Pileus of a rufous-pink, minutely squamulose, often splitting. M.J.B. In ' Hymenomycetes Europcci." Fries gives A. carneus Bull. =^. fcB07iius Fr. Monogr. i. p. 8i, and A. car?ieolus ¥r.—A. carneus Bull., Monogr. i. p. 81. On the authority of Berkeley, whose opinion I can fully confirm, the change in ' Hym. Eur.' must be regarded as an error. The plant described in ' Monographia ' as A. carneus is the true plant of Bulliard. Spores 3x2 mk. W.G.S. Name — caro, flesh. Flesh-coloured. Bull. t. 533./. i. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 81. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 30*, Out. p. 103. C. Hbk. n. 68. Illust. PL 96. a. S. My col. Scot. n. 62. A. carneolus Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 65. Icon. t. 40. f. 3. 103. A. cselatus Fr. — Pileus not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) in breadth, fuscous, pale-grey when dry but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, imibilicate, without striae, when fresh smooth, hvX in becoming dried flocculose, rimosely scarred. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less in length, 2-3 mm. (i-iX lin.) thick, tough, elastic, but not cartilaginous, when smaller stufifed, when larger hollow, the internal walls villous, equal or slightly thickened at the apex, _/z/j-^<9Z/j-, obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills sinuato- adnate with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, slightly arcuate, dingy-whitish ox grey. Inodorous. The spores are dingy-white. A very peculiar species, remark- able in its whole habit, and not to be compared with any other species of Tricholovia. At first sight one might regard it as a species of Omphalia on ac- count of the pileus being, constantly umbilicate ; but the stem is by no means 56 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. cartilaginous, and the gills are manifestly sinuate behind. Species truly allied occur only among ClitocybcB, for example A. hir?ieolus and A. parilis, with which it agrees in stature, colour, and dingy white spores, but these have decurrent gills. In woods. Charmy Down, 1867, &c. April-July. Spores subglobose, 8x4 mk. B. &=. Br. Name — ccBlum, a sculptor's chisel. From the chiselled markings on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 82. Hym. Eur. p. 66. Icon. t. 37. f. 2. B. <^ Br. n. 1192. .S. Mycol. Scot, n. 63. C. Illust. PI. 96 B. SERIES B. V. — Guttata. * Gills whitish. 104. A. gambosus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, beco7mng pale-tan, fleshy, he7nispherico-convex, theji flatte7ied, obtuse, undulated and repand, even, smooth, but spotted as with drops, at length widely cracked (not, however, torn into squamules), the margi?i at the first involute and tome7itose; flesh thick, soft, fragile, white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 1-2.5 cent. {yz-i in.) thick, solid, fleshy-firm, almost equal, often curved- ascending at the base, white, villous at the apex. Gills rounded- or emarginato-adnexed, with a somewhat decurrent tooth and when old sinuato-decurrent, crowded^ ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish. Odour pleasant, of new meal. Often forming large rings or clusters. A whitish form must not be confounded with A. albellus. In meadows, &c. Frequent. April-July. Spores 13x11 mk. W.G.S. Smell strong like that of Polyporus sguam- osus. M.J.B. Edible; considered by some delicious, by others less delicate in flavour. It should be gathered in dry weather. Known as St George's mushroom. Worthington Smith says it is fit for any saint in the calendar. Much esteemed in France and Italy. Its early appearance makes it more val- uable, but it is unfortunately not so common as could be wished. It is less frequent in Scotland than in England. Badham describes it under the name of A. prunulus. He remarks that when the ring begins to break up into irregular lines, it is a sign of its disappearance from the place, just as the presence of an unbroken ring is conclusive of a plentiful harvest the next spring. Name — gamba, a hoof. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 82. Hym. Eur. p. 66. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 9. Berk. Out. p. 104. t. 4. /. 5. C. Hbk. n. 69. Illust. PL 63. Hussey \. t. 83. Krotnbh. t. 63./. 18, 22 ochraceous. Ventur. t. 4. Gonn. 6* Rab. t. 18. /. 3. A. prunulus Badh. i. t. i. ii. t. i/. i. A. graveolens Sow. t. 281. A. pomonas Lenz. f. 13. 105. A. albellus Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, be- coming pale-white, passing into grey when dry, fleshy, thick at LEUCOSPORI. 57 the disc, thinner at the sides, conical then convex, gibbous when Tricholoma. expanded, when in vigour moist on the surface, spotted as with scales, the thin margin naked ; flesh soft, floccose, white, un- changeable. Stem curt, 4-5 cent. (1X-2 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the base, reaching 12 mm. {% in.) towards the apex, solid, fleshy-compact, 07iato-bulboiis, (conical to the middle, cylin- drical above the rmddAt), Jibrilloso-striate, white. Gills very much attenuated behi7id, not emarginate, becoming broad in front, very crowded, quite entire, white. Pileus not becoming yellow. Odour weak when fresh, taste pleasant, al- most that of cooked flesh. There are two forms : one larger, solitary, another smaller, connato-ceespitose, quite as in A, albellus Sow. t. 122, It is often confounded with smaller forms of ^. gatnbosus. In woods. Rare. April-May. Spores very small, ovoid, 3 mk. IV.G.S. Name — diminutive, albus, white. Whitish. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 83. Hym. Eur. p. 67. Berk. Out. p. 104. C, Hbk. n. JO. Illust. PI. 2.2(^. Smith in Seem. Joio-n. Bot. t. 46. f. 45. Gonn. 6^ Rab. t. !$• /• 3- ■^- pallidus Schceff. t. 50. ? Tratt. Austr. t. 20. ■^"^ Gills cha7tging colour, &^c. 105. A. amethystinus Scop. — Pileus fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, repand, smooth, even, moist, spotted azure-blue, margin wrinkled, paler. Stem solid, curt, attenuated at the base. Gills somewhat adnate, crowded, white then rufescent. Not well defined or sufficiently known. In pine wood. Glamis, 1875. Sept. Pale, with here and there a tinge of mouse-colour. Spots bluish-violet, mostly confined to the disc. Of a somewhat faded appearance even when fresh. Name — amethystus, the amethyst. From the spots on the pileus. Scop. Cam. ii. p. 437. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 68. B. 6^ Br. n. 1733. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 66. C. Illust. PL 262. 107. A. tigrinus Schaeff". — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, pallid brown, variegated with crowded and darker {fuscous^ spots, com- pactly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, repand ; flesh thick, firm, white, unchangeable, but thin at the involute margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, very compact, solid, pruin- ate, white. Gills rounded behind, at length decurrent with a tooth, crowded, narrow, white, at length darker. Solitary or csespitose. Very distinguished, obese, and without any marked smell of new meal. In fir woods and open grassy ground. Rare. June-July. 58 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Allied to A. gambosiis. B. 6^ Br. Fries remarks that the plant of Schasffer differs in the longer stem, in the pileus being conical then expanded, becoming hoary-white, and in the gills being at length distant, but that there can be no doubt they are the same. My specimens agreed exactly with the description of Fries. Forming a large ring on a grassy place on the shore of an estuary. Name — tigris, a tiger. Spotted like a tiger. Schcrff. t. 89. Fr. Icofi. t. 41. lower fig. Hym. Eur. p. 68. B. &f Br. n. 1636. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 67. C. Hbk. 71. 73. Ilhist. PL 64. Gonn. &= Rab. t. 13. /. 2. VI. — Spongiosa. * Gills not changing colour. 108. A. Schumacheri Fr.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, of one colour, cinereous-livid, fleshy, compact, convex then flattened, obtuse, regular, well formed, even, smooth, moist (not hygroph- anous) in rainy weather, the slight margin, which exceeds the gills, inflexed ; flesh spongy, white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, as much as 12 mm. (^ in.) thick, solid, stoict, equal, villous and sometimes ventricoso-bulbous at the base, otherwise naked, slightly striate., white, externally fibrous. Gills emarginate, very crowded, plane, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, white. Its entire nature and structure are those o{ A. personatiis, and it can only be compared with A. nebularis on account of the colours (the pileus being cinere- ous, naked however). The stem being wholly fleshy and the gills being at the first emarginate, evidently determine it a Ti'icholoma. In a hothouse. Apethorpe, Norths., &c. Agreeing very closely with the figure in ' Fl. Dan.' especially as regards the gills. B. 5f. Br. Name — after Schumacher. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. p. 85. Hym. Eur. p. 69. B. b= Br. n. 1927. Fl. Dan. t. 2267. /. i. C. Illust. PI. 168. 109. A. patulus Fr.— Pileus 6-10 cent. (2^-4 in.) broad, pallid- cinereous, jleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, often repand, even, smooth, in no wise tiger-spotted ; flesh moderately thin, not com- pact, white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent, {yi-i in.) thick, fleshy-fibrous, solid, firm, equal, somewhat elastic, s?nooth, shining white. Gills constantly and equally emarginate, almost free, crowded, comparatively narrow, 4 mm. (2 lin.), plane, somewhat veined at the sides, whitish. Inodorous. Solitary or growing in troops, or somewhat casspitose. The colour of the pileus passes into very pale yellowish. It cannot be com- pared with any of the neighbouring Tricholomata, but rather with the irregularly shaped Clitocybce, especially when caespitose. It must not be confounded with yi. decastes. Dependent on the weather ; very luxuriant in some rainy seasons, absent in very dry ones. On the ground in woods. Reigate, Surrey, 1870. Oct. Name — patulus, spread out, wide. Fr. Mojiogr. i. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 69. Icon. t. 37./. I. Saund. 6^ Sm. t. 48./. i. C. Ilhist. PL 279. LEUCOSPORI. 59 110. A. arcuatus Bull. — Pileus rufous-fuscous, becoming pale, Trkhoioma. disc blackish, flattened, somewhat gibbous, soft, even, smooth, moist, discoid; margin thin, at the first inflexed; the flesh coloured. Stem solid, firm, fibrilloso-squamulose, blackish downwards, bulbous. Gills arcuato-adnate (decurrent with a tooth) and arcuate, somewhat undulated, fragile, crowded, white. Gregarious. Pileus " almost viscid." Stem sometimes remarkably margin- ato-bulbous. Sterb. t. 7. C. On grassy ground. St Andrews, 1877, &c. Oct.-Nov. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad. Stem about 4 cent. (iK in.) long, 12 mm. (K in.) thick. Name — a reus, a bow. From the bow-shaped gills. Bull. t. 443 figures with scaly stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 70. Mojiogr. i. /. 86, partly. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 68. C. Illust. PL 218. 111. A. oreinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous- livid, fleshy, compact, convex, obtuse, even, smooth, the thin margin not exceeding the gills ; flesh white. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, but thickened at the base as with a small bulb and at length ochra- ceous, liihite-squamulose at the apex, internally fibrillose. Gills roimded then free, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, crowded, plane, white. Solitary. Inodorous. It differs from A. humilis in not being hygrophan- ous, and in the gills running out of equal breadth as far as the margin. The uppermost and lowest in stature of the figures of Bull. t. 443 shows the form sufficiently well. On heath and open ground. King's Cliffe. Name— opeivo?, hilly. From its being found on mountainous heaths. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 70. Moiiogr. i, p. 86. C. Illust. PL 218. A. testudineus Pers. Myc. Eur. p. 218. t. 23./. i, 2. 112. A. albus Sch^ff.— Wholly white. Pileus 7-S-^^ cent. (3-4 in.) broad, truly fleshy, not compact, tough, convex then flattened, becoming plane, obtuse, very dry, even, smooth, margin at . the first involute at length repand. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) and more thick, solid, attenuated upwards,, some- what bulbous, wholly fibrous, tougher externally, elastic, naked, slightly mealy at the apex only under a lens. GiUs emarginate, somewhat crowded, distinct, when full grown 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, unchangeable. Stature very variable, sometimes very robust, sometimes moderately slender. Odour weak or none, with an unpleasant acrid taste. Not hygrophanous ; the pileus when dried becoming yellow often throughout or only at the disc. All its forms (possibly including distinct species) are distinguished by their 6o AGARICUS. Tricholoma. habit which is that of Clitocyhe, by their elastic stem, and by the piletis not behig moist even in rainy weather, a feature which constitutes a departure from the spongy Tricholomata, as well as by their ivhite colour. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Care should be taken not to confound it with various edible species of the same colour. From its acrid taste, which easily distinguishes it, it is perhaps poisonous. Spores 3x6 mk. W.G.S. ; 5-6x2-3 mk. B. Name — albus, white. Schceff. t. 256 (a thin form). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 91. Hy7n. Eur. p. 70. Icon. t. 43. /. I. Berk. Out. p. 105. t. 4. /. 6. C. Hbk. n. 74. Illust. PL 65. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 69. A. leucocephalus Bull. t. 536. Battar. t. 20./. i. 113. A. leucocephalus Fr. — Wholly white without any yellow- ish tinge. Pileus 4 cent, {i}^ in.) broad, fleshy, thin, tough, con- vexo-plane, obtuse, even, moist, smooth in itself, but ivhejt young covered with shifiing whitish, adpressed, silky, at length separating villous dow7i; margin acute, spreading, smooth ; flesh compact, watery in wet weather. Stem scarcely 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, fleshy fibrous, but polished externally, some- what cartilaginous, rootijig at the attenuated solid base, twisted, even, smooth. Gills i'ounded-free, crowded, thin, quite entire, shining white. Strong odour of neiu meal. Plainly different from A. alhus, allied to A. {Ar7nill.) const rictus, but from its somewhat cartilaginous stem inclining to Colly bio;, just as A. albus does to ClitocybcB, In woods among leaves. Bowood, Wilts. Oct. Name— A.ev /cos, white, Kt^aX-f], head. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 92. Hy7n. Eur. p. 71. Ico7i. t. 43./. 2, not Kro77ibh. B. ^ Br. 7i. 1505. C. Illust. PL 78. ■^■^ Gills changi7ig colour. 114. A. acerbus Bull. — Pileus becoming yellow-white, pale- yellowish, then smeared with rufous or fuscous colour, fleshy, convexo-expanded, smooth, moist, somewhat tiger-spotted, the thin margi7i wrinkled-sulcate. Stem solid, obese, becoming light- yellow, squamulose at the apex. Gills emarginate, crowded, pallid then rufescent. Large, robust, with an unpleasant odour and bitter taste. The stem is com- monly bulbous, but sometimes attenuated at the base. In shady woods. Frequent. Aug.-Sept. Margin of pileus involute. Flesh firm, snow-white. Stem squamulose or roughened with small warts at the apex. Bull. Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in. ) broad. M.J.B. Spores 4 mk. W.G.S. Name — acerbus, bitter. From the taste. Biill. t. 571. /I 2. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 71. Be7'k. Out. p. 105. C. Hbk. 71. 75. Illust. PL 76. S. Mycol. Scot. 7i. 70. Saioid. 6-' S771. t. 48. f. 2, Ventur. t. 38. /. 7, 8. LEUCOSPORI. 6 1 115. A. militaris Lasch. — Pileus 10-17. 5 cent. (4-7 in.) broad, THchoioma. muianion, at tirst gibbous, white floccose at the involute margin, then rather plane or depressed, compact, flexuous, rather smooth, viscous, margin even. Stem 11 cent. (4>^ in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, squamulose, fibrillose, pallid, some- what bulbous at the base, with thick radical fibrils. Gills emar- ginate, somewhat crowded, whitish, at length livid- spotted, torn. Odour and taste unpleasant. Commonly growing in rows or casspitose. In woods. Glamis, 1874. Oct. Name — miles, a soldier. From its finer appearance as contrasted with A. civilis, as A. eqziestris is a knight among plebeians. Lasch n. 490. Fr. Hytn. Eur. p. 71. B. 6^ Br. n, 1506. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 71. C. Illiist. PI. 169. 116. A. civilis Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent (3 in.) broad, becoming pale yellowisli, not changing colour, disc darker, never streaked, truly fleshy, very soft and fragile, convexo-plane, obtuse, even, very smooth, moist, almost viscid, with a separable pellicle j flesh spongy, whitish. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, solid, in- ternally s of t^ fragile, attenuated upwards from the thickened base, fibrillose or squamulose, whitish. Gills deeply emarginate, abnost free, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, very soft, white the?i beco??ii?tg yellow, or rather becoming pale, unspotted. Inodorous. Among the Tricholomata there is no species to which it is rightly allied. The structure is wholly that of A. {Afn.) lenticularis, so that at first sight it might seem to be a ringless form of that species. On the ground. Epping. Oct. Fries notes that the gills are only accidentally spotted, i.e., when injured by insects or otherwise. Name— rzVw, a citizen. Contrasted with A. militaris. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 71, Ico7i. t. 42. /. i. A. militaris Mojiogr. i. p. 90. B. 6^ Br. Ti. 1507. 117. A. personatus Fr.— Pileus 7-5-i5 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, livid-flesh-colour, «S:c., very fleshy and thick, hemispherical then convex and flattened, very obtuse, regular, at length also repand, even, smooth, moist in rainy weather, opaque when dry, the 7}iar- gin, which exceeds the gills, at first involute and villoso-prui?iose j flesh at first compact, then spongy-soft, whitish. Stem in the typical form 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, spongy within, almost of the same colour, 7nore or less bul- bous, becoming violet, wholly pulverule?it with white villous down whe7i young \\\^x\ squamulose; often very short, and not bulbous. Gills rounded then free, crowded, broad, violaceous then flesh- coloured or whitish, or fuscous when old. 62 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Solitary or gregarious, scarcely caespitose. Stature always robust, obese, but colour very changeable and variable. A. pileus cinereus, Sow. B. pileus lilac Fr. C. pileus and gills white, stem violaceous Bci-k. In a very obese form it has been found becoming wholly cinereous-livid. In late autumn taller, becoming wholly fuscous, with a sulcate, fibrillose stem as much as lo cent. (4 in.) long, and very broad gills. In woods and pastures. Common. Oct.-Nov. Sometimes confounded carelessly with Cortinarius violaceus. It is some- times difficult to distinguish brightly coloured specimens from A. nudus. M.y.B. Edible. Known in England by the name of " Blewitts," which Bad- ham conjectures means " Blue-hats." It is excellent when gathered in dry weather. When wet it absorbs too much moisture. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 11x6 mk. K.; 8x4 mk. i?.; 5 x 4 IF. G.S.; 7x5 mk. IV.P. Name— persona, a mask. From the margin of the pileus and stem as compared with A. nudus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 88. Hyni. Eur. p. 72. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 57. Berk. Out. p. 105. t. 5. f. I (var. anserina). S. Mycol. Scot. n. 72. Gonn. fr" Rab. t. 16. Hussey ii. t. 40. Badh. i. t. 8./. i. ii. t. \. f. 2. C. Illust. PL 66. Le- pista personata C. Hbk. n. 546. A. violaceus Sow. t. 209. Fl. Dan. t. 1133. Bolt. t. 147. A. hepaticus Wcinm. Paul. t. 91. /i 1-4. Buxb. C. 4. /. 11. 118. A. nudus Bull. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, be- coming purple-violaceous then changing colour, rufescent, fleshy, comparatively thiJi, convexo-plane then depressed, obtuse, even, smooth, with a pellicle which is moist and manifest in rainy weather; margin inflexed, thin, naked ; flesh thin, pliant, coloured. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {%. in.) thick, stuffed, elastic, equal, almost naked, mealy at the apex, violaceous then be- coming pale. Gills rounded then decurrcnt (on account of the depressed pileus), crowded, narrow, of the same colour as the pileus or deeper violaceous, but soon changing colour, at length rufescent without the least tinge of violet. Always thinner than A. personatus, with a pleasant acid odour. Often confounded with A. sordidus. In woods, chiefly among pine. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Brighter coloured than A. personatus M.J.B. Not recommended as edible. Spores 6-8x4 ^k. B.; 6x3 mk. W.G.S. N.a.me — 7iudus, naked. Con- trasted with A. persoTiatus. Bull. t. 439. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 89. Hym. Eur. p. 72. Berk. Out. p. 105. t. 4./". 7. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 73. Krombh. t. 71. f. 27-29. Price t. 5. f. 35. Hoffm. A?ialyt. t. ii. f. 1. C. Illust. PI. 67. Var. major, PI. 133. Lepista personata C. Hbk. 71. 544. 119. A. cinerascens Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more broad, white then becojimig cinereous or hoary, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse or when young gibbous, orbicular, regular, even, dry; flesh white, compact at the disc, thin at the circumference. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4 cent, (i^ ii^O a-^d more thick, solid, internally spongy, the external wall fibrous and tough, hence elastic, equal or slightly thickened at the base, smooth, naked, LEUCOSPORI. 6^ whitish ; flesh becoming fuscous. Gills easily scparati7igf7'oi]i the Tricholoma. hymenophore, rounded-free, crowded, broad, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.), fragile, white then becoming cinereous, darker than the pileus. Very various in stature. Gregarious. The stem is sheathed at the base in a peculiar manner witli the floccose, compact, white mycelium. It might perhaps be regarded as a species of Paxillus, on account of the gills easily separating from the hymenophore. In woods. Frequent. Aug. Smell rather disagreeable, pungent ; the stem, however, when broken smells like new meal. B. Gf Br. Spores 5 mk. IV. P. Name — cinis, ashes. Be- coming ash-colour. Bull. t. 428. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 287. Hym. Eur. p. 73. Berk. Out. p. 106. B. &= Br. it. 787. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 74. Vivian t. 20. C. Illust. PI. 170. Lepista C. Hbk. n. 545. 120. A. panaeolus Fr. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, cinereous-fuliginous, variegated with grey-prtdnose spots and often guttate, fleshy, not thick, but firm, convex then becoming plane or here and there depressed, obtuse, here and there repand and ex- centric, even; flesh alike of the pileus and stem spongy, absorb- ing moisture, white when dry, but the pileus by no means hygro- phanous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, 12 mm. XYz in.) thick, solid, tough, elastic, externally fibrous, internally spongy, smooth, naked, unpolished, whitish-grey. Gills emargi- nate or rounded, at length somewhat decurrent when the pileus is depressed, very crowded, quite entire, plane, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white then grey or dingy rufescent. Odour none. The spotting on the pileus gives it a marbled appearance. In grassy places. Street, Somerset, &c. Autumn. Spores 3x5 mk. W.P. Name — TravaioAo?, variegated. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 87. Hym. Eur. p. 73. Icon. t. 36./". 2. C. Illust. PI. 97. 121. A. duracinus Cke. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) diameter, cin- ereous, fleshy, compact, firm, convex, broadly umbonate, dry, smooth, shining, margin involute. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, attenuated upwards, 3 cent. (iX in.) thick at the base, nearly 2.5 cent, (i in.) at the apex, solid, striate below, reticulate squamose above, rather paler than the pileus; flesh nearly white. Gills narrow, little more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, emargi- nate, arcuate, cinereous. Fleshy disc nearly an inch thick. Whole fungus cinereous and firm. Allied to A. tisri7ius Fr. "i}' On the ground under cedar. Kew, 1883. Oct. Name — durus, hard, acinus, berry. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 41. 64 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. VII. — HyGROPHANA. * Gills whitish tmspotted. 122. A. grammopodius Bull. — Pileus 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) broad, pallid-livid or fuscous-rufous when moist, whitish when dry, fleshy, very thin towards the margin, campanidate theft convex, and at length flattened, obtusely umbonate, even, smooth, pellicle moist in rainy weather, not viscous, separating; flesh-coloured when moist, white when dry, soft, fragile. Stem tall, about 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in.) and more thick, solid, elastic, equal with exception of the thickened base, cylindrical, firm, smooth, evide?itly loiigitudiiially sulcate, whitish. Gills ar- cuato-adnate, or broadly horizontally emarginate, acute at both ends, very crowded, quite e?ttire, very many shorter, somewhat branched behind, white. Odour mouldy. Striking in appearance ; the chief of this group. There is a variety wholly white. In pastures and grassy woods. Frequent. June-Oct. Stem streaked with same colour as the pileus, and white-villous at the base. Name — ypaixyL-q, a line, ttov's, a foot. From the stem being marked with hues. Bull. t. 548, 585._/". I. Fr. Motiogr. i. f. 92. Hyni. Eur. p. 74. Berk. Out. p. 106. C. Hbk. 71. 76. Illust. PI. 98. S. My col. Scot. ?i. 75. Hussey ii. /. 41. 123. A. melaleucus Pers. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX-3 in-) broad, coni}no)ily beco?ni?ig black-fuligijioiis when moist, then fuscous- livid, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, soft, convex thenjlattened, obsoletely umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh soft, white, not hygroph- anous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, frigid-fragile, elastic when young, somewhat thickened at the base,_ ?iaked (not pulverulent), but fibrilloso- striate, zvhitish, with darker strise. Gills emarginato-adnexed, crowded, horizontal, straight, broad, more or less ventricose, quite entire, white. Very protean and changeable in colour. The gills are not arcuato-scythe- shaped as in A. arcuatus, and the flesh does not become yellow as in that species. It varies with the gills becoming yellow. It must be carefully dis- tinguished chiefly from A. oreinus. On grassy ground. Uncommon. Sept. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 6-8x4-5 mk. K. Name — ixeKag, black, Aev/cos, white. Pers. Syn. p. 355. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 93. Hym. Eur. p. 74. Icon. t. 44. /. I. Berk. Out. p. io6. C. Hbk. ?i. 77. Illust. PI. iig. A. S. My col. Scot. 71. 76. Buxb. C. iv. t. 12. f. 2. % A. porphyroleucus Bull. Firmer ; pileus fleshy, fuliginous LEUCOSPORI. 65 or fuscous then rufescent, with a darker and vanishing umbo ; Tricholoma. stem solid, somewhat fibrillose, sometimes elongated, sometimes curt ; gills white. Coed Coch, 1881. Bull. t. 443, the rufescent figures with smooth stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 75. B. fir' Br. n. 1928, the long-stemmed form, C. Illust. PL 119. B. 124. A. brevipes Bull. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, umber the?i becoming pale, fleshy, soft, convex then becomi7ig plane, even, smooth, moist (opaque when dry) ; flesh of the pileus be- co7ning fuscous when moist, becoming white when dry. Stem solid, very rigid, at length fibrous, pruinate at the apex, exter?tally a7id internally fuscous; otherwise very variable, sometimes very short, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) only long and thick, attenuated down- wards ; commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.), sometimes bulbous, sometimes equal, more slender. Gills emarginato-free, crowded, ventricose, disappearing short of the margin, quite entire, becoming fuscous then whitish. Sohtary. Inodorotis. The pileus is often stained with soil. Nearer to A. arcuatus than to A. hundlis. The affinity between A. arcuahis, A. pancB- olus, A. grammopodius, A. melaleuctis, and A. humilis, is greater than be- tween other species of Tricholomata. In open woods, fields, &c. Uncommon. June-Oct. Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. ,-8x5 mk. W.P. ; 8-10x5-6 mk. B. Name— brevis, short, pes, a foot. Short-stemmed. Biill. t. 521./". 2 (young). Fr. Monogr. \. p. 94. Hyyn. Eur. p. 75. B. df Br. 7i. 1195. C. Hbk. n. 78. Illust. PI. 68. S. Mycol. Scot. n. jj. Paul. Ch. t. 44./". i, 2. Fl. Bat. t. 1095. Klotsch. Fl. Bor. t. 374. Buxb. C. iv. t. 31./". i. 125. A. humilis Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuscous- cinereous, &c., fleshy, convex then soon flattened, somewhat re- pand, sometimes umbonate, even, smooth, sometimes depressed, the thin margin exceeding the gills ; flesh soft, becoming cinere- ous when moist, whitish. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, about 12 mm. {Vz in.) thick, stuffed, at length also hollow, soft, fragile, sojnewhat equal, wholly pulverule?ito-villous, becoming cinereous- whitish. Gills rounded-adnexed, decurrent with a tooth, and occasionally arcuato-decurrent, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, whitish. The pileus changes colour with the moisture of the atmosphere and with age, blackish, fuscous, livid, pallid. In dry weather it is sometimes sprinkled with thin white dust (the remains of the veil). Allied to A. brevipes, but the stem is thinner, longer, and softer. Protean, gregarious, often ccespitose {A. brevipes always solitary). A very fragile variety occurs with the pileus paler, the stem longer hollow and fibrillose, and the gills narrower. In open woods, &:c. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. E 66 AGARICUS. Tricholoma. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 7-8 x 5-6 mk. K. Name — humilis, low. Dwarf in -etature. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 75. Berk. Out. p. 106. C. Hbk. 71. 79. Illust. PL 99, 263 A. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 78. Buxb. Cent. iv. t. 32. A. blandus Berk. Eng. El. p. 20. Var. blandus C. Illust. PL 263. B. 126. A. exscissus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, mouse- colour or fiiscous-cinereoiis, not changing colour when dr}'-, but shining, slightly fieshy, cainpamilate when young, soon plane, with a prominent umbo, even, smooth ; flesh thin, white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, solid, thin, wholly equal, polished, very smooth, slightly shining, shining white. Gills emarginate, crowded, linear, not beyond 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, shining white. Very regular, in dry weather sprinkled with the pulverulent veil, but never silky. Very closely allied to A. hu7?iilis, &c. , although by habit and thinness it appears at first sight to be widely removed from them. In pastures, &c. Cromer, 1882. May. Name — excindo, to tear out. Perhaps in the same sense as excisus. Of the gills. Er. Monogr. i. p. 95. Hym. Eur. p. 75. Icon. t. 44./. 2. C. Illust. PL 171. 127. A. subpulvemlentus Pers. — Pileus about 4 cent. {lYz in.) broad, becoming livid when fresh, fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, even, with injiate pruinose dew, beco??ii?tg hoary white, the slight margin, which exceeds the gills, inflexed. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, smooth, sojnewhat striate, here and there ascending, under a lens obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills rounded (without a tooth), crowded, narrow, white. Firm ; flesh hygrophanous. The pileus is not occasionally pulverulent as in previous species, though it becomes hoary with innate pruina. In pastures and w^oods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S.; pruniform, granular, 8x9 mk. Q. Name — sub, and pulvis, dust. Somewhat powdered. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 221. Hym. Eur. p. 76. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. n. 80. Illust. PL 219. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 79. Hussey ii. t. 39. ■^■^ Gills becoming violet, grey, fuliginous. 128. A. sordidus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, livid- lilac becomi7ig violet-iuscous or violet-Jlesh-colour when young, changing colour when old, somewhat fleshy, campanulato-convex then plane or depressed, somewhat umbonate, smooth ; margin w^hen full grown slightly striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, pliant, commonly thickened LEUCOSPORI. 67 at the base, somewhat incurved, fibrilloso-striate, of the same Trichoioma. colour as the pileus. Gills at first roimded, then sinuato-decur- rent, somewhat crowded, at length distmity violaceous the?i becoffz- ing pale or fuliginous. Gregarious, somewhat casspitose, tough. Inodorous. Pileus when old undulated, often excentric. When old the whole plant is dirty, becoming fuscous, and pale when dry. For a long time overlooked for a form of A. nudus, but very different, much smaller, thinner, &c. On dung, &c. Great Elm, Somerset, 1866, &c. July-Sept. Spores ellipsoid, 7-9 x 4 mk. K.; pale ferruginous, 8 mk. B. 6^ Br. Name — sordidus, dirty. Squalid in appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 96, Hyni. Eur. p. jj. Icon. t. 45. y. I. B. 5f Br. n. 1196. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 80. Fl. Dan. t. 1843. f. 2. C. Illust. PI. 100. Buxb. C. iv. t. 12. /. i. 129. A. paedidus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) broad, vioicse- fiiligiiwiis opaque, scarcely becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, flaccid, campanulate then convex and flattened, umbonate, at length depressed round the comco-pro?mnent umbo, moist, streaked with innate fibrils radiati?tg frojn the ce?itre, becoming even how- ever, margin naked ; flesh very thin, very tough, becoming white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, externally somewhat cartilagi?ious, internally fibrous, slightly bulbous at the base, tough, somewhat striate., naked, dingy-grey. Gills somewhat sinuate, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, whitish then grey. Inodorous. Allied to A. sordidus in its small stature, tough substance, and dingy colours, which, however, never incline to violaceous. In grassy places in woods. Abergavenny, &c. Aug. Name — pcedidus, nasty. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 96. Hym. E7ir. p. jj. Icon. t. 46. /. I. B. b= Br. n. 1405. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 81. C. Ilhist. PL 120 upper fig. 130. A. lixivius Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, ci?tere- ous-fuscous when moist, umber, slightly fleshy, co7ivex then plane, umbonate (umbo vanishing), never depressed, even, smooth, with a flattejied, 7ne?nbra7iaceous, at length slightly striate ina,rgi7ij sometimes sinuous. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, and in becoming compressed so much broader, stuffed then hollow, often flexuous, fragile, cinereous, at first whitc-fioccoso- pruinose. Gills rounded-adnexed, at first sight free, distant, soft, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, sometimes crisped, attenuated from the stem towards the margin, grey. Gills truncato-free. The habit is that of A. orbiformis, but the pileus is darker, umber, not streaked. Stem wholly fibrous, very soft. 68 AGARICUS. Trichoioma. In pine woods. Ascot, 1865. Nov. Name — lix, ashes ; lixivium, lye, a mixture of ashes and water. Of the colour of lye. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 97. Hym. Eur. p. jj. Icon. t. 45. /. 2. B. df Br. n. 1197, 1840*. C. Illust. PL 120. Sow. t. 66? 131. A. putidus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, some- what olivaceous-grey, hoary when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, twibonate, soft, even, at the straight margin as well, but occasionally spri?ikled with white silki?iess. Stem 4 cent. (iX iri-) lo^ig"' 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, somewhat compressed, soft, somewhat fragile, somewhat striate, grey, covered with a very thin white pruina, which can be rubbed off. Gills apparently free, but slightly adnexed in the top of the cone, crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distinct, cinereotis. A remarkable species. Odour strong, rancid, of new meal. Allied to the rancid Collybice in habit and odour, but the stem is soft, wholly fibrous, by no means cartilaginous. In fir woods. Jedburgh, &c. Oct.-Nov. Name — putidus, stinking, disgusting. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 98. Hym. Eur. p. 78. Ico7i. t. 46. /. 2. B. fr= Br. n. 1198. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 82. C. Illust. PI. 172. Clitocybe. Subgenus V. CLITOCYBE {kXitos, a steep or declivity, Kv^t], head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. 78 (Sub-tribe I). Universal veil, when pres- ent, conspicuous on the pileus like frost or silky dew, but commonly obso- lete. Stem with a spongy stuffing, apt to become hollow, somewhat elastic, externally more compact and fibrous. Margin of the pileus involute. Hy- menophore quite continuous, owing to the apex of the stem being dilated ; gills atte7iuated behind, acute, adftate or decurrent, never sinuate. Growi?2g on the ground, fleshy but comparative- ly tough, for the most part piano-de- pressed or i7ifimdibuliforin. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 78. The thinner and hygrophanous species are late, and stand low tem- perature. Many are remarkable for their fragrance. Very few are edible. VI. Agaricns {Clitocybe) nebularis. One-fifth natural size. LEUCOSPORI. 69 Series A. Pileus fleshy, not changing colour, or (only) turning pale, but Clitocybe. not hygrophanous. Flesh firm, not watery, and not scissile into plates. Those which turn pale in dying differ fro7n Series B. by their silky lustre. I. Disciformes (disc-shaped). Pileus more or less equally fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, regular, obtuse ; gills at the first adfiate or regularly adnato-decurrent. Normally solitary. * Pileus cinereous or fiiscous. ** Pileus violaceous, rufescent. *** Pileus becofning yellow. **** Pileus green, becoming pale. ***** Colour white, shining whitish. Cautiously distinguish whitened hygrophanous species and white Paxilli. II. Difformes (irregularly shaped). Pileus with fleshy disc and thin margin, at the first umbonate, then expanded and depressed, irregular. Gills imequally decurrent, running down in one place for a short and in another for a longer distance, sometimes even rounded on one side of the stem or only reaching it, as in the Tricholomata. Stem externally somewhat cartilaginous but fibrous. Ccespitose, often co7i7iate and very various in form, but sometimes solitary. III. Infundibuliformes (funnel-shaped). Pileus attenuated from the fleshy disc towards the margin, at length wholly funnel-shaped or deeply umbilicato- depressed in the cefitre. Stem spongy with a fibrous outer coat. Gills descend- ing, at t lie first deeply and equally decurrent. Pileus often losing colour or becojTiing pale, but not hygrophanous. * Pileus coloured or becoming pale, the surface (at least under a lens) i?inato- flocculose or silky, bibulous, not moist. ** Pileus coloured or pallid, smooth, moist (in rainy weather). Variable in colour and stature (the pileus being undulato - lobed is a point of no consequence). *** Pileus shining whitish, sprinkled over with small superficial flocci or becoming sjnooth. Series B. Pileus fleshy-membranaceous, truly hygrophanous. Flesh thin, soft, watery, hygrophanous. ( White species, which 07ily beco77ie i7iore shini7ig white whe7i diy, have bee7i i7iserted a77i07ig the foregoi7ig.) IV. Cyathiformes (cup-shaped). Pileus fleshy -me77ibranaceous (composed of two membranaceous plates), without a coi7ipact disc , hyg7'ophanous as well as the flesh, depressed the7i cup-shaped ; gills at first adnate, then decurrent, descend- ing, straight. Colour dingy w]ie7i i7wist. Compare 077iphalia, Hydrogra77i77ii. V. Orbiformes (round-shaped). Pileus somewhat fleshy, moist within and without, hygrophanous, convex then becomi7ig plane or depressed, polished, not squamulose or mealy ; gills plane, horizontal, thin, crowded, adnate or only decurrent with a small tooth. Colour dingy or beco77ii?ig watery-pale. Most of the species are of a low rank, and are recognisable with difficulty a7id only i/i. rai7iy weather, on account of the changeableness of their colour, a7id the i7idis- tinctness of their characteristic 77iarks. * Gills becoming cinereous. Pileus at the first dark. ** Gills whitish. Pileus becoming pale. VI. Versiformes (variable in shape). Pileus thin, convex then irregularly shaped, tough, i/iore or less squa77iulose or fafu7-aceous ; gills ad7iate (not decurrent or only with a small tooth), broad, rather thick, for the i7iost part distant and powdered with white 7/ieal. Colour hygrophanous. Stem tough, sometimes with a veil. The species are all very distinguished, as they differ exceedingly in stature and form and colour. * Pileus dirty-coloured or 77iade dusky with darker squamules. ** Pileus bright, of one colour. 70 AGARICUS. CHtocybe. SERIES A. I. — DiSCIFORMES. ■^ Pileiis cinereous or fuscous. 132. A. nebularis Batsch. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, fuliginous or fuscous, at length grey, fleshy, so7newhat compact, convex then becoming plane, very obtuse, at length depressed at the disc, dry; at the first (in dry weather) covered over with a grey, pruinose cloudi?iess, but when full grown and in wet weather quite naked, smooth (more rarely innately streaked or shining when scorched by the sun) ; flesh compact, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, about 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, remarkablyyf^j/rj', at first solid, but soft within and at length occasionally hollow, spongy-elastic, attenuated upwards (obclavate), fibrillose-striate, white. Gills shortly and equally dec7trre?it, arcuate, very crowded, thin, pallid white, sometimes becoming yellow. Robust, laxly gregarious, slightly odorous. The pileus may be even white like the flesh. The stem varies, curt, equal, also villous and squamulose. It may be easily interchanged with a form of A. hnrnilis with spuriously de- current gills which is thinner and more fragile. In woods, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. ; 3-5x3 mk. D. Margin of pileus at first invol- ute, sometimes quite regular, sometimes waved. It smells of curd cheese. Edible ; very good ; with a somewhat pungent taste. Name — nebula, a cloud. From the cloi-ided pileus. Batsch f. 193 (var. minor). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 100. Hym. Eur. p. 79. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 45. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. 11. 81. Illust. PL 79. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 83. Fl. Dan. t. 1734. Hussey ii. t. 9. Badh. i. A 9; ii. /. 4./". 2. A. pileolaris Bull. t. 400. \Paul. Ch. t. 79. f. 1-5. A. murinaceus Gonn. Of Rab. i. 10. f. 2? not Bull, or Fr.] B. gills yellow. A. turgidus Grev. t. 9. A. canaliculatus Schtun. — Fl. Dan. t. 1844, f. 2, Q. monstrous form. 133. A. clavipes Pers.— Pileus 4-5 cent, {iy^-2'm.) and more broad, sometimes of one colour, fuscous, fuliginous, cinereous- livid, sometimes whitish round the margin, very rarely wholly white, fleshy, slightly convex, soon plane, at length abnost obcofti- cal, very obtuse, even, smooth, dry ; flesh lax, white, thin towards the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, conical, 12 mm. {% in.) and more thick at the base, solid, internally spongy, somewhat fibrillose, fuliginous-livid. Gills deeply decurre7it, desce?idi7ig in a straight line, somewhat distafit, flaccid, quite entire, broad, wholly and persistently white, but varying yellow. Of the same colour as A. nebularis, but most distinct in its nature. Odour mild, pleasant. Substance wholly soft, elastic. LEUCOSPORI. 71 In woods, chiefly spruce fir. Common. Aug.-Nov. CHtocybe. Spores subellipsoid, uniguttate, 5-7x3-4 mk. K. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name— < lin.) broad, somewhat arcuate, glitter- ing orange and reddish. Odour none. The colours of the plant in its full vigour are so splendid and intense, glittering between red and orange, that the art of painting cannot produce a proper combination of colours to represent it. They become pale when the plant is old and dry, and pass into light yellowish. Among larch-leaves. Penicuik. Name — venustus, beautiful. Most beautiful. Fr. Monogr. ii. /, 289. Hyrn. Eur. p. 84. Icon. t. 50. f. 2. C. Illust. PL 265. 143. A. subalutaceus Batsch. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, beconii7ig pale-ta7i, at length becoming pale, whitish, fleshy, soft, tough, convex then flattened, obsoletely umbonate or de- pressed, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, internally spongy, elastic, equal or slightly thickened and here and there curved-ascending at the base, naked, becovmtg pale straw-colour. Gills adnate, then somewhat decur- rent, distant, broad, simple, pallid. Odour, like that oi A. odorus, of anise, but weaker, sometimes obsolete. Its stature is that of A. venustissimus, but firmer and with a longer stem. Under holly. Oxton Exeter, 1875. Nov. Smell like that o{ A. putidus and A. rancidus, peculiar. B. & Br. Name — sub, and aluta, soft leather dressed with alum. Somewhat of the colour of tanned leather. Batsch f. 194. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 107. Hyyn. Eur. p. 85. B. &= Br. 71. 1509. **** Pileiis green, becoming pale. 144. A. odorus Bull.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, greenish, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, regu- lar or repand, even, smooth, moist in rainy weather, the margin, which is at first infiexed, pubescent ; flesh not thick, dingy white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, rarely equal, sometimes shorter, firmer, and somewhat bul- bous, sometimes longer and more slender (not thickened at the base), flexuous, at first flocculoso-fibrillose, soon naked, commonly white villous at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, slightly distant, broad (broader than the flesh of the pileus), quite entire, commonly paler than the pileus. Tough ; changeable in stature, varying in colour between pallid green and verdigris-grey, commonly of one colour, sometimes, however, the gills are white ; otherwise very easily distinguished by its pleasant odour of anise, chiefly when dried ; sometimes somewhat casspitose. LEUCOSPORI. 75 In woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. Ciitocybe. Edible. Spores ellipsoid - sphaeroid, 6x5 mk. K.; 8x4 mk. B.; 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — odorus, fragrant. Bull. t. SS^- /• 3- F^'- ^'loiiogr. \. p. 106. Hym. Eur. p. 85. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 85. Berk. Out. p. 108. C. Hbk. n. 84. Illust. PL loi. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 86. Sow. t. 42. Grev. t. 28. FL Dan. t. 161 1. Krombh. t. 6^./. 20-22. 145. A. Trogii Fr. — Pileus becoining cinereous white, fleshy, compact, convex then expanded, obtuse, smooth, opaque. Stem solid, firm, curt, thickened and villous at the base, white. Gills somewhat decurrent, crowded, white. Very fragrant. Certainly distinct from A. odorus in its compact flesh and robust stature. In woods. Coed Coch, &c. Sept. About the same size as A. odorus. Name — after Trog. Fr. Hym. Ezir. p. 85. TrogHelv.p. 14. B. &= Br. ?i. 1846. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 29. C. Illust. PL 102. 146. A. rivulosus Pers, — Pileus at first inclining to flesh-colour, becoming white when dry and older, sometimes becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat thin, convexo-plane then depressed, never umbo- nate ; when young moderately regular, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, at length 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, repand, undulato-lobed, sprinkled with very delicate and closely adpressed and evened, at length truly rijuoso-rivulose, whitish villous down; margin at first involute, villous ; flesh compact, white. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, about 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stu_ffed\N\\h a. spongy pith, at length also hollow, tough, elastic, equal, somewhat fibrillose, becoming white. Gills obliquely acute behind, not equally attenuated, adnate then somewhat decurrent, broad, some- what crowded, flesh-colour then becoming white. Odour pleasant, taste mild. Sometimes solitary, sometimes caespitose. Changeable in colour and size. It can be properly recognised only in rainy weather. When casspitose it is larger, with undulato-lobed pileus, &c., so that it might be easily mistaken for var. diffot-mis of A. cerussatus. On lawn, among moss, &c. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Var. neptuneus Batsch, on dry mountain-pastures near the sea. Llandulas. B. dr' Br. Name — rivus, a stream. From the rivulet-like streaks on the pileus. Pers. Syn. p. 369. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 108. Hym. Eur. p. 86. B. b= Br. n. 1734. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 87. C. Ulust. PL 200, upper fig. Var. neptuneus {Batsch F. 118), B. 6^ Br. n. 1994. C. Ulust. PL 200, lower fig. 't>' Sf-x-^-x-x- Colour white, shining whitish. 147. A. cerussatus Fr. Wholly ■z£///z7^.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) \iXQZ.^,Jieshy, convex then expanded, obtuse or gibbous. 76 AGARICUS. Ciitocybe. even, smooth, but at the first floccoso-fibrillose, the involute margin villous; flesh soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, fleshy-fibrous, elastic, thickened and more or less white-tomentose at the base, ?iaked upwards, even. Gills adnate, then slightly decurrent, very crowded, thin, quite entire, narrow, never becom- ing yellow. Inodorous, taste mild. Often growing in troops. It differs from A. {Trich.) albus in the gills never becoming yellow. Compare Biill. t. 118, different from Hygropho7-us eburneus in the crowded, very thin gills, and smooth stem. In mixed or fir woods. Frequent. April-Oct. Not umbonate as ^. t?/«cz^j. M.J.B. Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Probably edible. Name — cerussa, white-lead. Fr. Monogr. i, p. 108. Hym. Eur. p. 86. Berk. Out. p. 108. B. b' Br. n. 670. C. Hbk. n. 85. Illust. PL 121. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 88. Fl. Dan. t. 1796. ■^ A. diflformis Schum. Csespitose, often gigantic ; pileus undulato-lobed ; stem curt, sulcate or longitudinally wrinkled ; gills at length pallid. It varies with the pileus at first sprinkled with flocci, 5-17.5 cent. (2-7 in.) broad in the same cluster, the stem of the larger specimens 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick and long. On rich ground. Spores 4x3 mk. B. Schum. p. 335. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 86. Mofiogr. i. p. 109. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 21. Sterb. t. 16. 148. A. phyllophilus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, taji then becoming pale white (of the same colour when moist and dry), fleshy, convex then pla7io-depressed, obtuse, but never truly infundibuliform, often excentric and repand, without striae, sprinkled with very thi?i silky superficial villous dow?i, and silky towards the margin. Stem d.bout 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, elastic, externally fibrous, internally stuffed with a spongy pith and hollow when this disappears, always tough, incurved (but not bulbous) and villous at the base, white. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, scarcely crowded, at first white, then beco??iijig pale, almost tan-white. Tough, by no means hygrophanous, odour scarcely remarkable. The stature like that of A. pithyop'hilus, &c., varies exceedingly, sometimes small and solitary, sometimes large and casspitose. Stem sometimes straight, sometimes decumbent, sometimes smooth upwards. In woods among leaves, chiefly beech. Common. Sept.-Oct. Distinguished from A. cerussattis by its umbilicate pileus, and the gills changing at len§;th to yellow. M.J.B. Spores 6x3 mk. W.G.S. ; 4-8 x 3-5. mk. B. Name — 4>v\Xov, a leaf ; <^tAo?, loving. Fr. A/onogr. i. p. 109. Hym. Eur. p. 87. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 86. Illust. PI. 81. 5. Mycol. Scot. 71. 89. Fl. Dan. t. 1847. LEUCOSPORI. 77 149. A. pithyophilus Seer. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, ciitocybe. dead-white when moist, shining whitish when dry, fleshy but thi7i, rather plane, mnbilicate, at length irregularly shaped, repand and undulato-lobed, even, smooth, flaccid, the margin slightly striate when old. Stem somewhat hollow, rounded then com- pressed, equal, even, smooth, obsoletely or scarcely pruinose at the apex, white tomentose at the (not bulbous) base. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, very crowded, plane, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distinct, quite entire, white. Odour not remarkable, but pleasant. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose ; white indeed, but when moist watery and somewhat hygrophatioiis, in which it evidently differs from A. fhyllophiltis. A. tuba, which appears in the same places, is very like it. In fir woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores 6-7X4mk. B. Name — ttitus, pine; <|>tA.o?, loving. Seer. n. ion. Fr. Monogr. i. f. no. Hym. Eur. p. 87. B. ^ Br. n. 1107. C. Hbk. n. 87. Illust. PL 103. a. S. Mycol. Scot. 7i. 90. 150. A. tornatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, wholly white, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, convex then becomi7ig plane at length depressed roiuid the gibbons disc, absolutely dry, properly smooth, but somewhat silky with a glued film, and at length delicately rinioso-rivulose j flesh white. Stem 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, 3-4 mm. {i%-2 lin.) thick, stiiffed, tough ^.n^ fibrous, equal or attenuated downwards, round, smooth but n77polished, white, the base pubescent. Gills horizontal, wholly adnate with only a small decurrent tooth, plane, very crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) a little more broad. Inodorous. It can be easily recognised among neighbouring species by its small stature, and by its being remarkably regular ^^xth ■a. circijiate pileus. The pileus is here and there darker on the disc. The glued film on the pileus is like that of ^. rivulosus, to which it is allied, but from which it differs in its thinness, its regular form, its pure white unchangeable colour, and its more crowded gills. B. smaller, pileus smooth, gills somewhat crowded. Among grass beside decayed elm-stumps. North Kilworth, 1870, &c. Oct. Name — torno, to turn in a lathe. Regular as if turned. Fr. Monogr. i. p. no. Hynt. Eur. p. 87. Icon. t. 41./. i. B. &= Br. n. 1200. C. Illust. PL 103. 151. A. candicans Pers. Wholly white. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then plane and depressed, tinibilicate, sometimes regular, sometimes a little excentric, even, shining with a super- ficial-adpressed silky film. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, cartilagitious-waxy, polished, somewhat 78 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. fistulose, equal, even, smooth^ shining, incurved rooting and villous at the base. Gills at first adnate, then decurrent, crowded, very thin, narrow, straight, almost linear. The silky film on the pileus is like that of neighbouring species. Slightly tough, approaching Omphalice in the nature of the stem. In fir woods there is a remarkable form : pileus plane, not umbilicate, naked (without silky villous down) ; stem thinner, flexuous, smooth at the base ; gills scarcely decurrent. In woods among leaves. Common. July-Nov. Spores 4-6 X 4 mk. B. '^2ccvi.^—ca7idico, to be shining white. Pers. Syji. p. 456. Fr. Mo7iogr. \. p. iii. Hym. Eur. /. 88. Icon. t. 51./. 3. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 88. Illust. PL 82, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 91. Saund. &f Sm. t. 29- /• i- Bull. i. S7S-f- ^' 152. A. dealbatus Sow. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, white, slightly fleshy, tough, convex then plane and at length revolute and undulated, always chy (not watery in rainy weather), even, smooth, somewhat shi7iing, but as if innately- pruinose under a lens; flesh thin, arid, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, wholly fibrous, at length also fistulose, equal, but often ascending, whitish, mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, thin, crowded, white. Pileus sometimes orbicular, sometimes very repand. Odour weak, pleasant, but not very remarkable. Most distinct from A. candicans in the nature of the stem. In woods and pastures. Common. July-Oct. Edible. Its top is exceedingly like ivory. Its charming flavour is exceed- ed by very few other fungi. Spores 4x2 mk. W.G.S. Name — dealbo, to whitewash. Sow. t. 123, Fr. Monogr. i. p. 112. Hytn. E^ir. p. 88. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 89. Illust. PI. 104. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 92. Hogg fr' Johnst. t. 10. Var. minor, C. Illust. PI. 173. 153. A. gallinaceus Scop. Dingy white. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {Yz-i in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then 'gl^.nt, 7iot depressed, obtuse, unequal, dry, opaque, spriiikled with prui7iaj flesh white, compact, though thin. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, solid, by no means cartilaginous, equal, ascending or flexuous, excentric, at the first flocculose-prui7iose, always opaque and white. Gills ad7iato-decurre7it, thin, crowded, plane. Growing in troops. Its stature is almost that of A. dealbatus, but smaller, opaque, dingy white with a somewhat acrid taste. The pileus is not revolute, rather plane and always very obtuse. In woods and pastures. Common. Autumn. Distinguished from A. dealbatus by its opaque pileus and strong fungoid smell. M.J.B. l>ia.mQ—galli?ia, a hen. Meaning not apparent. Scop. Cam. p. 433. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 112. Hym. Eur. p. 88. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 90. Illust. PI. 174. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 93. Hussey i. t, 39. LEUCOSPORI. 79 IL— DiFFORMES. Clitocybe. 154. A. decastes Fr. — Pileus of one colour, mouse or livid when moist, almost, tan when dry, fleshy at the disc, otherwise very thin, fragile, when flattened as broad as the palm of the hand, gibbous or obtuse, even, smooth (not streaked) ; margin wholly membranaceous, at the first shortly incurved, then ex- panded, very much undulated and lobed ; flesh composed of two easily scissile membranes, fragile, white. Stems solid, but soft, externally and internally wholly fibrous, splitting up (not some- what cartilaginous), united at the base, commonly attenuated or curved-ascending, often compressed, smooth, commonly naked, more rarely pruinose at the apex, each 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2.5-4 cent. (i-i/4 in.) thick, wholly white. Gills adnato-decur- rent, or rounded, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.), broad, attenuated towards the margin, sometimes somewhat crowded, sometimes slightly distant, often undulated, and as if crenulated at the edge. The disc is more compact only from the apex of the stem. Spores plentiful, white, making the clusters mealy as in A. melleus. Odour not remarkable. Very variable in size, very much infested by larvae, hence it becomes fragile. The gills are rounded on one side as in the Tricholomata, not arcuate. In oak ana beech woods forming smaller clusters, about 10 stems joined together; on naked soil however, in gardens and walks through plantations, forming huge clusters a foot in diameter. On saw^dust. Coed Coch. Agreeing closely with the figure of Fries in the ' Icones ' ; but we are doubt- ful whether what we find is not an advanced stage of ^. cryptarian. B. b= Br. Name — ScKas, a decade, company of ten. From the stems being united in bundles of about ten. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. p. 116. Hy?n. Eur. p. 90. Ico7i. t. 52. B. Sf Br. 71. 1845. 155. A. aggregatus S c ha; ff.— Pileus 7-5-io cent. (3-4 in.) broad, grey-livid then rufescent, fleshy, convex then expanded, at the first umbonate, then depressed, often excentric, somewhat silky- streaked. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed, fibrous- fleshy, thickened upwards, white rufescent, curved, compressed. Gills unequally decurrent, crowded, thin, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, flesh colour then becoming light yellow. Very irregular. Stem very variable, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter ; many united at the base, forming often very large and lax clusters. Spores dingy white, sprinkled upon pilei which are near to each other, as in A. decas- tes. Strong smelling. According to Secretan the pileus is marked with darker spots. Easily distinguished from ^. decastes, &c. hy the Jlaccid, ofte?i excentric pileus, by the soniewhat fibrillose stem, and by i\\e gills being flesh colour to light yellow. If it did not always grow on the ground, it might be easily referred to Pleuroti ; its habit is almost that of A. ostreatus. It occurs smaller with dingy gills. 8o AGARICUS. ciitocybe. On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1878. July-Oct. Name — ad, and grego, to gather into a flock. Clustered. Schceff. t. 305, 306. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 117. Hym. Eur. p. 90. B. 6^ Br. n. 1735. C. lllust. PI. 182. 156. A. elixus Sow. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, /?^/z>- i7ioiis when moist, then becoming pale with a somewhat silky- habit, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, convex then flattened or de- pressed, imibojiate, undulato-repand, becoming even but delicately st7-eakedj flesh dingy white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 12 mm. {yz in.) thick, solid, firm, somewhat equal, even, fidiginotis- whitish, velvety at the apex. Gills everywhere truly but unequally decurrefit, dista?it, con?iected by vei?is, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, quater- nate, pure white. Gills almost oico7iical-decurrent. The only one of this group which is not caespitose. The habit is that of Hygrophonis caprinus, but it is certainly dis- tinct in the gills being thin, and in no wise at length waxy-soft. In woods. Frequent. Oct. Very bibulous, flesh soft. M.J.B. Name — elixus, soaked. From its sodden appearance. Sow. t. 172. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 114. Hym. Eur. p. 91. Berk. Out. p. 109. C. Hbk. n. 91. lllust. PL 280. S, Mycol. Scot. n. 94. 157. A. fumosus, Pers. — Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, becomiftg fuligi7ious-fuscous, soon livid, or grey when dry, truly fleshy at the disc, thin towards the margin, convex then plane, obtuse, or gibbous only when young, sometimes circinate and regular, sometimes flexuous-undulated, even, smooth, somewhat hygrophanous ; flesh hyaline when moist, whitish when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-12 mm. (2-6 lin.) thick, solid ox stuffed, fibrous-fleshy, somewhat equal, but often twisted or curved, smooth, dingy white, more or less white-inealy at the apex. Gills in regular specimens adnaie, in irregular ones in one place decurrent and in another rounded, crowded, distinct, at the very first grey-white. Odour none. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, tough, somewhat cartila' ginoiis. The colour of the pileus varies more or less dark ; pellicle adnate. Easily distinguished from A. elixus, Sec, by its obtuse pileus, which is often regular, but never streaked. In woods. Uncommon. Oct. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. The densely caespitose form was formerly regarded as a variety, polius ; it is figured by Saunders & Smith t. 13. Fries has separated A. politis as a distinct species ; it is figured in I cones t. 48. f. i. Berkeley now regards what was formerly called var. polius as merely a caespi- tose state oi A. futnosus. A. polius Fr. Ico?i. t. 48./". i. is an entirely different plant. Name — fu^nus, smoke. From its smoky colour. Pers. Syn. 348. LEUCOSPORI. 8 1 Fr. Monogr. i. p. 115 (named A. nehularls by mistake). Hym. Eur. p. 91. Clitocylie. Ico7i. t. 54. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 107. C. Hbk. 71. 92. Illust. PI. 175. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 95, 158. A. tumulosus Kalchbr. — Pileus umber, becoming pale, fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth. Stem solid, floccoso-pruitiose, pallid. Gills slightly emarginate and decurrent, crowded, white then becoming cinereous. Csespitose. The type of the Difformes. In woods. Hereford, 1871. Sept. Spores 6-7 X 4 mk. B. Name — tumulus, a mound. From the heaps formed by its mode of growth. Kalchbr. Fung. Hung. p. 13. /. 5. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 91. C. Illust. PL 105. 159. A. cryptarum Letell. — Pilei brown, spotted, somewhat conical, depresso-flocculent. Stems narrowly fistulose, more or less compressed, attenuated upwards, streaked, somewhat striate, white. Gills somewhat decurrent, arcuate, narrow, white. Densely caespitose. On sawdust. Coed Coch. Oct. Habit that of y^. tumulosus. Pilei varying much in size, according to the denseness of the clusters. Inodorous, insipid ; stem mottled within. B. 6^ Br. Name — crypta, a vault, cellar. Probably first found in a cellar. Letell. — B. b= Br. n. 1844. 160. A. opacus With. White. — Pileus fleshy, convex, expanded, umbonate, repand, even, covered over with floccose lustre. Stem stuffed, somewhat fibrillose, unequal, flexuous. Gills adnato- decurrent, very crowded, white. Sometimes connato-caespitose, sometimes single. Very much allied to A. cerussatus. In woods. Autumn. , Remarkable for the silvery glair with which it is clothed, which sometimes admits of being rubbed off. AI.jf.B. Name — opacus, opaque. With. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 93. Berk. Out. p. no. C. Hbk. 71. 93. Illust. PL 176. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 96. Sow. t. 142. III. Infundibuliformes. * Pileus coloitred or becoming pale, &c. 161. A. maximus Fl. Wett. — Pileus as much as 2P cent, (i ft.) broad, becoming pale-tan or \v\\\\\s\\, fleshy, compact at the disc, otherwise thin, someivhat flaccid (not fissile), broadly infundibuli- form, gibbous with a central umbo, always very dry, the surface F 82 AGARICUS. Clitocybe beco77iing silky-eveti or squamulose ; margin involute, pubescent, always even; flesh white, at length soft. Stem as much as lo cent. (4 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, compact, but internally spongy, elastic, attenuated upwards, fibrilloso-striate, whitish. Gills deeply deciirrent, pointed at both ends, somewhat crowded, soft, simple, whitish, not changeable. The pileus is always very dry because the surface absorbs moisture. Odour weak, pleasant, almost that oi A. infioidibuliformis. On account of its gigan- tic stature and colour, it has often been interchanged with A. giganfetis Sow. ; it is in no wise, however, allied to that species, but is so closely allied to A. infundibMliforjnis that it might be taken for a very luxuriant form of it. In grassy places, banks of hedges, (Sec. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 4-6x3-4mk. K.; 5x3 mk. W.G.S.; 8x4 mk. B. Name — tnagfms, large. The largest of the section. Fl. Wett. p. 329. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 119. Hy7?i. Eur. p. 93. B. &f Br. n. 1337. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 97. C. Illvst. PI. 135. Buxb. Cent. 4. t. i. A. giganteus Leys, dr" Auct. A. giganteus Sow. is a true Paxillus, 162. A. infundibuliformis Sch^ff. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, Jlesh-coloiir tJten beco7ni?ig pale tan, fleshy at the disc, otherwise thin, when young moderately firm, convexo-depressed, gibbous with an umbo, involute at the margin ; when fuller grown softer, flaccid, wholly infundibuliform, on closer inspection silky on the surface, hence bibulous, never moist ; flesh soft, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, spo?igy- stuffed, externally firm, elastic, co7iico-atte7iuated, more rarely equal, pallid, white-tomentose at the base. Gills very decurrent, so77ie- what crowded, very much pointed at each end, soft, shi7ii7ig white. Stem often eroded by larvae and hollow. Odour, especially when damp, weak but pleasa?it. The pileus varies in colour, passing from rufescent into tan and white, but not white at the first. In woods and grassy places. Common. July-Nov. Spores 5-6x3-4 mk. B. Name — infu?idibulum, a innnel; fortna, form. Funnel-shaped. Schceff. t. 212. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 119. Hytn. Eur. p. 93. Berk. Out. p. no. t. 5./. 2. C. Hbk. 71. 96. Illust. PI. 107. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 98. * A. membranaceus Fr, differs in all its parts being thinner, in its equal stem, in the pileus being without a?i umbo, and in its brighter colour. Earlier than the typical A. infundibulifor?nis. In fir woods and grassy places. Rare. Spores 7 mk. W.G.S. Name — mcmbrana, a thin skin. From its structure. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 120. IIy7n. Eur. p. 94. C. Hbk. 71. 96. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 98. Fl. Dan. t. 1012. Saund. &• Sm. t. 39./. 3, 4. Paul. t. 66. f. i. 163. A. truUseformis Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) hros.^, fuscous- cinereous, unchangeable, fleshy, infundibuliform, the margin flat- tened, always o\)\.\is&,flocculoso-villous and hence always dry ; flesh LEUCOSPORI. S;^ equal, snow-white. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, spofigy -stuffed, Ciitocybe. firm, elastic, attenuated upwards, Jibrilloso-striate, cinereous, vil- lous downwards. Gills truly decurrent, distant, connected by veins, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, shinmg white. Odour not remarkable. Approaching A. cyathiformis in the colour of the pileus and stem, but very different in the snow-white flesh and in the colour being by no means hygrophanous. The figure of Kalchbrenner (/. 6. f. i) differs in its smaller stature, in the fistulose stem and plane pileus being much thinner, and in the adnate gills. On the border of fir wood. Coed Coch. Oct. Spores ovoid-pruniform, finally punctate 6 mk. Q. Name — tridla a ladle, basin ; forma, form. Basin-shaped. Fr. Monogr. i. f. 121. Hym. Eur. p. 94. B. df' Br. 11. 1 108. C. Hbk. n. 97. 164. A. incilis Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, ruddy -brick-red, fleshy^ plano-umbilicate, then infundibuliform, even, silky-Jiocculose, but when young appearing smooth, obtuse, the ififlexed margijt crenate. Stem curt, 12 mm. (^ in.) rarely more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, or broader when compressed, hollow, fibrous, tough, unequal, commonly attejtzmted down- wards, brick colour, at first covered over with a very delicatey?*?^- culose prui7ta which is easily rubbed off". Gills more or less decur- rent, arcuate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, distant, reticulated with veins or distinct, white, then becoming pale, but not yellow. A changeable species. Odour sometimes mealy, sometimes obsolete. Not moist and not at all hygrophanous. Abnormal in this series. There is a smaller variety with the stem somewhat stuffed, becoming pallid fuscous-brick colour, and the pileus irregular, eccentric, somewhat silky, becoming fuscous- tan, becoming pale, the spreading margin undulato-crisped. In woods. King's Lynn. Name — incilis, cut in, incised. From the crenate pileus. Fr. Mo7zogr. i. p. 121. Hym. Eur. p. 94. B. &= Br. n. 1929. C. Illust. PI. 281. a. 165. A. parilis Fr. — Pileus 18 mm. {}i in.) broad, fuscous then grey-whitish, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, plane, de- pressed at the disc, atoviate or flocculose at the disc, without striae; margin deflexed, involute. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, tough, equal, even, s7nooth, naked, be- coini7ig fuscous- grey. Gills deeply decurrent, very crowded, nar- row, whitish-grey. Abnormal in this series. Allied to A. (Trick.) ccs la f us and A. {Clit.) hirneo- lus. Its habit is that of OmphalicB, but the stem is by no means cartilaginous. By the sides of plantations. Coed Coch. Spores ovoid, spotted, 7 mk. Q. Name — parilis, equal, perhaps symmetri- cal. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 122. Hyrn. Eur. p. 95. Icon. t. 48./. 6. B. 6^ Br. n. 1202. 84 AGARICUS. Ciitocybe. "^^ Pileiis coloiired or pallid, &c. 166. A. gilvus Pers. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, pale- yellowish, fleshy , compact, convex tJie?i depressed, very obtuse, even, smooth, dampish when fresh, polished and shilling when dry, here and there spotted as with drops, the margin remaining long involute ; flesh compact, not laxly floccose, but at length fragile, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more long, 12 mm. {yi in.) and more thick, solid, fleshy, stout, not elastic, somewhat equal, smooth, paler than the pileus, villous at the base. Gills decurrent, thin, very much crowded^ often branched, arcuate, narrow, pallid the?! ochraceoiis. Odour not remarkable. The stem has been noticed at length also hollow, perhaps eroded by larvae. It corresponds with the Paxilli. The primary form, which is very different from all the rest, is curt, obese, robust, scarcely ever infundibuliform. B. protracta (lengthened out), externally and internally pallid-ochraceous, pileus somewhat thin, very broad {10-20 cent., 4-8 in.) and infundibuliform, the somewhat thin stem elongated, 10 cent. (4 in.) In woods. West Farleigh, Kent. 1874. Spores sphaeroid or subsphasroid, 4-5x5 mk. K. Name — gilvus, pale yellow with a slight tinge of brown. Pers. Syn. p. 448, partly. Fr. Mo7iogr. p. 122. Hym. Eur. p. 95. B. b' Br. ?t. 1508. Fl. Dan. t. loii. C Illust. PL 136. 167. A. subinvolutus Batsch. — Pileus brick-colour, convex, depressed, smooth, margin closely involute ; flesh pallid. Stem paler, stout, straight, somewhat equal, veined on the lower part with oblique coalescing slightly elevated wrinkles, tomentose and inclining to flesh-colour above towards the gills, base obtuse. Gills decurrent, rather broad, of the same colour as the pileus. The stem is rough on the surface and destitute of lustre. It resembles ^. involutus {Paxillus involutus) in size and habit, in the crenate and involute margin of the pileus, and in the stem being obsoletely veined at the base and tomentose towards the gills. Under Scotch fir. Laxton Park, Norths. Oct. Name. From its likeness to A. involutus, with which Batsch compares it. Batsch t. 204. B. of Br. n. 1508*. C. Illust. PI. 108. 168. A. spinulosus Stev. & Sm.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX-3 in.) broad, creamy flesh-colour, fleshy, convex then plane or depressed, gibbous or umbonate, leathery, smooth, edge even and incurved ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid or stuffed, attenuated from the thickened base, flbrillose, whitish, zoned with crowded spots of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, single, rather crowded, white then light-yellow. Odour sweet and pleasant. Growing in large patches, singly or two or three together. LEUCOSPORI. 8 :) Among grass by wayside. Greenings, 1868. Nov. Clitocybe. The spinulose spores mark this as a distinct species. It differs in habit from A. geotropus, which has even spores. Saunders and Smith figured the plant as A. subiiivolutus Batsch, which Fries at first regarded as a variety of A. geotropus. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries records it as a distinct species, and refers to the figure of Batsch as doubtful. Berkeley having found the true plant of Batsch, it becomes necessary to change the name of Smith's plant. Spores spinulose, 9 mk. W.G.S. Name — from the ^/mz/Zoj^ spores. Stev. — Saund. b= Sm. t. 36. A. subinvolutus Saund. df Sfn., Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 96. A. geotropus var. subinvolutus, C. Illust. PI. 177. 169. A. geotropus Bull.— Pileus 4-7-5 cent. (i>^-3 in.) broad, tan-flesh-colour, tndy fleshy, convex then piano-depressed, com- monly gibbous, even, very smooth, moist in rainy weather, when young spotted as with drops, the spots commonly vanishing with age; m^trgin thin, pubescent, inflexed ; _;?£'J'/z white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, solid, fleshy, not elastic, slightly attenuated upwards, soinewhat fibrillose, white, becoming yellow. Gills deeply decurrent, siinple, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, white, but becoming pale. Corresponding with A. maximus, hut Jirmer, smooth, and more changeable in colour. The pileus is thinner and the gills are less crowded than in A. gilvus. Sec. It varies with the stem curt. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Spores 5-7 mk. IV.G.S. Name— y^, the earth ; rpeVw, to turn. From the turned-down margin. Bu/l. t. 573. /. 2. Fr. Mofwgr. i. p. 123. Hym. Enr. p. 96. Berk. Out. p. no. C. Hbk. n. 98. Ulust. PL 83. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 99. Hussey i. t. 66. Harz. t. 75. Letell. t. 670. Paul. t. 112. A. pileolarius Sow. t. 61. G7'ev. t. 41. 170. A. splendens Pers.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale- yellowish becoming yellow, somewhat fleshy, thin especially round the shortly reflexed margin, piano- depressed, at length infun- dibuliform, even, smooth, shining. Stem 4-5 cent. (1X-2 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid, sometimes equal and straight, sometimes attenuated from the base, ascending, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, thin, crowded, simple, white but becoming light-yellow when old. It varies with the pileus excentric, and in larger specimens with the margin repand. Pileus not flaccid, much thinner than that oi A. gilvus. Gills less crowded. Flesh white. Intermediate between A. gilvus and A. Jlaccidus. Commonly single, not coespitose like A. inversus and A. Jlaccidus. In woods among dead leaves. Reading, 1874, (Sic. Sept. ^■^iXViO.— splendens, shining. Pers. Syn. p. 452. Hym. Ejir. p. 96. Icon. t. 55./. I. B. b" Br. n. 1510. C. Ulust. PI. 109. 171. A. inversus Scop.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, 86 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. brick colour or Vw er-rufescent, ^es/zy, somewhat fragile, in no wise flaccid, convexo-plane, obtuse, then infandibuliform and undulated, even, very smooth, moist when fresh, but never guttate, sloping- towards the margin, varying excentric ; flesh not thick but com- pact, someivhat of the same colour as the pileiis. Stem sometimes stuffed, commonly hollow, hence compressed, externally with a slightly rigid outer coat, not elastic, without a bulb, smooth, whitish, somewhat rooted and white-villous at the base. Gills truly decurrent, scarcely 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, crowded, simple, whitish, but then of the same colour as the pileus at the edge. Odour peculiar, slightly acid. It corresponds with A. infundibuliformis Schasff'., and like it presents two forms — one, which is at the first gibbous, being the rarer ; the other, which is destitute of an umbo, being the more frequent and nearest to A. splende?is. It differs from A. gilvus in its entire nature. The primary form is regular, solitary, with the stem attenuated upwards, and of the same colour as the pileus. More frequently it is somewhat ccespitose, with the stems curved and compressed, and the pileus very obtuse, unequal, and somewhat repand. A. lobatus Sow. is a luxuriant condition of this ; stem thickened upwards, pileus somewhat date-brown and undulato-lobed. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. When dry the pileus has a very smooth oiled appearance. Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Name — inverto. Inverted, Scop. Cam. p. 445. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 124. Hyin. Eur. p. 97. Berk. Out. p. iii. C. Hbk. n. 99. Illust. PI. 84. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 100. Schctff. t. 65. A. infundibuliformis Bull. t. 553. A. lobatus Sow. t. 186. 172. A. flaccidus Sow. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, tawny-ferrugi7ious, shining, not becoming pale, slightly fleshy, tough, orbicular, _^<3:^aV/ (especially when dry), at the first u?nbili- cate, always without an umbo, then infwidibttliforjn, the spreading border slightly convex, smooth, even, rarely rimuloso-squamulose ; flesh thin, pallid, somewhat fragile when fresh, flaccid however when dry. Stem curt, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, thin, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat hollow, elastic, tough, somewhat equal, polished, naked, rubiginous-ferruginous, thickened and villous at the base. Gills deeply, almost obconico-decurre?it, remarkably arcuate, very crowded, narrow, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, simple, whitish then becoming yellow. Gregarious, forming rings, the stems often growing together under the soil, but also solitary, regular. The gills become yellow sometimes wholly, some- times only at the edge. Allied to A. inversus. In woods. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Spores 4 mk. W.G.S. ; 4-5x3-4 mk. B. "^dLme—Jlaccidzis, flaccid, limp. Soiu. t, 185. Monogr. \. p. 124. Hym. Etir. p. 97. Berk. Out. p. in. C. Hbk. n. 100, Illust. PI. 123. 6". Mycol. Scot. n. loi. Fl. Batav. t. 1044. Var. lobatus Sow. C. Illust. PI. 137. LEUCOSPORI. 87 173. A. vermicularis Fr.— Pileus beautiful Jlesh-colour \htn c\[iocYh&. tan-flesh-colour, fleshy, thin, umbilicato-convex then reflexed, in- fundibuliform, undulato-lobed, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, at length {soon) com- pressed, smooth, shiuiftg, white, not elastic, fragile rather. Gills shortly decurrent, very crowded, thin, white. Gregarious, inodorous, somewhat fragile, moist in rainy weather, slightly hygrophanous. In fir wood. Forres, 1883. Sept. Name —vermis, a worm. From the peculiar fleshy colour. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. /. 125. Hym. Eur. p. 98. Mycol. Scot. Siipp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 21. 174. A. senilis Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, dingy-tan, fleshy-membranaceous, flaccid, the disc depressed when young, soon infundibuliform, smooth, co7icentrically full of scars ^ margin spreading (not reflexed). Stem 4-5 cent. (1X-2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, often ascending, smooth, whitish, naked at the base. Gills deeply decurrent in a straight line, linear, narrow, very crowded, at first whitish, then of the same colour as the pileus. The colour is not easily described, of a dingy fuscous tan. Gregarious, inodorous. It approaches A. Jlaccidus, though not in colour. On lawn. Coed Coch, 1880. Autumn. Spores 7x3 mk. W.P. Name — settilis, pertaining to age. From the scars on the pileus. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 98. Icon. t. $6./. i. B. 6^ Br. 7i. 1847. C. Illust. PI. no. ^"k^ Pileus shini7ig whitish, &^c. 175. A. catinus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first white, in no wise hygrophafious, then passing into pale flesh-colour during rain, and into tan-colour in dry weather, fleshy, moderately thin, plane then infundibuliform, always obtuse, even, smooth; flesh \h\n, flaccid, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. (j^ in.) thick, stilled, internally spongy, elastic, tough, thickened and tomentose at the base. Gills decurrent, straight, desce?idittg not horizontal, broad, not much crowded, persistently white. The gills are broader than those of neighbouring species. The stem has occurred equal. Allied to A. Jlaccidus, and very much allied to A. infundi- biiliformis ; it is strongly scented with the pleasant odour of the latter, but is singular in the colour being primarily wholly white, then flesh-colour during rain, not becoming pale. For this reason it is analogous with A.phyllophilus, which, however, is easily distinguished by its pileus never being infundibuliform, by its thin stem, by its adnate gills, and by being inodorous. 88 AGARICUS. ciitocybe. Among dead leaves. Ludlow, 1881. Autumn. Name — catinus, a bowl. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. f. 126. Hynf Eur. p. 99. Ico?t. t. 51./. 4. C. Illiist. PL iii. Compare Bull. t. 286. 176. A. tuba Fr. Wholly white. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, thin, convexo-plane, umbilicate, even, always with- out stri^ at the rpargin, dead white when moist, shining whitish when dry (somew^hat hygrophanous), properly smooth, but at the first sprinkled with a very thin, slightly silky, easily separating film. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, at length compressed, very tough., equal, naked up- wards, not pruinate. Gills deeply and truly deciir7'ent, horizontal, very crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, white becoming pale. ■ Gregarious, inodorous. Allied to Cyathiforvics from the somewhat hygro- phanous pileus. Nearest to A. pithy ophilus, but easily distinguished by the form of the pileus (umbilicate) and by the gills being deeply and attenuato- decurrent. On dead leaves, (S:c. Coed Coch, 1878, &c. Autumn. Name — tuba, a trumpet. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 127. Hyin. Eur. p. 99. IcoTi. t. $1. f. 2. B. 5f Br. 71. 1736. C. Illust. PI. 112, Paid, t. 65. /. 2-5 (base naked, but also and commonly villous). 177. A. ericetorum Bull. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, white, fleshy, globose then plane or concave, somewhat turbijtate, obtuse, often excentric and when irregular somewhat repand, smooth, shini?ig. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, but floccoso-soft internally, evidently atten- uated downwards, sometimes compressed, tough, naked, smooth, white. Gills rather sho7'tly decurrent., 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, somewhat distant, connected by veins at the base, persistently white. So like Hygrophorus niveus that it is difficult to distinguish between the figures of the two species, but the structure is very different ; for A. ericetortim is arid, soft, elastic, with a pleasant odozir — in short nearest to A. ij^fundibuliformis. Among short grass. Coed Coch, 1872, &c. Sept.-Nov. Name — ericetum, a heath. Bull. t. 551. yi i. D — F. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 127. Hym. Eur. p. 99. B. Sf Br. fi. 1338. C. Illust. PL 138. SERIES B. IV. — Cyathiformes. 178. A. cyathiformis Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (i}4-3 in.) broad, black-umber, &c., slightly fleshy, piano-depressed when young, LEUCOSPORI. 89 then infundibuliform, even, smooth, hygrophanous, somewhat ciltocybe. shining when moist, becoming pale and opaque when dry, undu- lated when luxuriant; flesh scissile, watery, somewhat of the same colour as the pileus ; the margiii remaining long i7ivoliite. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, spoiigy-stiiffed, elastic, at length also hollow, attenuated upwards, fuscous-yf/^^'//- lose^ somewhat reticulated, of the same colour as the pileus or a little paler, naked (not pruinose) at the apex, villous at the base. Gills adnate, decurrent on account of the changed form of the pileus, joined behind, distant, cinereous -fuscous, occasionally branched. Very changeable. Commonly becoming black-umber, but varying paler fus- cous-cinereous ; also flesh-colour then tan, pale cinnamon, becoming fuscous then clay or tan {Bull. t. 575. /. F — H.), the gills whitish, becoming fuscous, rufous (Bolt. t. 59.) When old the margin is expanded, nay slightly striate. In sterile ground, the stem is more slender, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick upwards, fibrilloso-striate ; the pileus somewhat membranaceous, at the first deeply um- bilicate, the margin naked ; the gills grey. It occurs also on rotten wood. In woods, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores 8x5 mk. W.G.S.; 10-12x5-6 mk, B. '^2jx\s.—cyathus, a cup; forma, form. Cup-shaped. Monogr. i. p. 128. Hym. Etir. p. 100. Berk. Out. p. III. C. Hbk. n. 10 1. Illust. PI. 113. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 102. Hussey ii. t. i. Gotiti. df Rab. t. g. f. i {/. 2 monstrous). Hoffm. Anal. t. 3. / I. Btdl. t, S7S-f- M. &c. Vaill. t. 14./. 1-3. — Bolt. t. 145. Holmsk. Ot. ii. t. 41. Sow. t. 363 (various forms, no good figure). 179. A. expallens Pers. — Pileus when young somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, even, ciJiereous- fuscous, at first sprinkled with white silky dew, then plano-infundi- buliform, livid, the disc slightly fleshy, the soon expanded margin membranaceous and striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 4 mm, (2 lin.) thick, rarely more, flocculose internally, soon hollow, tough, equal, smooth, white-silky at the apex. Gills decurreiit, acute at both ends, thin, slightly distant, soft, white-cinereous. Wholly watery, very hygrophanous ; pileus when dry hoary -whitish or tan colour. It is smaller, earlier, and paler than A. cyathiformis, and can with difficulty be distinguished from thinner forms of that species. The gills are more crowded. In mixed wood. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name — ex, and palleo, to be pale. In ' Icones ' Fries gives the form origin- ally described as A. expallens by Persoon, and represented in Bull. t. SIS- f- i. G., and the form described under the same name by himself, and repre- sented in Icon. t. 56. /. 2, as specifically distinct, and regards A. expallens Pers. {Fr. Icon. t. 56. /. 3.) as a form of A. cyathiformis. In ' Hym. Eur.,' however, he includes the two forms under one name. Pers. Syti. p. 461. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 128. Hym. Eur. p. 100. Icon. t. 56./. 2. B. trivialis, becom- ing fuscous, stem longer. Bull. t. 575. /. i. G. A. expallens Fr. Icon. t. 56. 90 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. / 3- B. ^ Br. n. 151 1. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 103. A. cyathiformis var. ex- pallens C. Illust. PL 220, 180. A. obbatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous- blackish, becoming very pale when dry, cinereous, someivhat tnembranaceous, scissile only at the disc, convexo-plane with a broadly umbilicate disc, smooth, striate to the Diiddle. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, equal, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, but in becoming compressed 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, hollow, often ascending or flexuous, s?nooth, naked, slightly striate (strise inter- rupted white), fuscous-cinereous. Gills slightly deciirre7it, dista?it, broad, dark cinereous, 'white-priii7iose. B. Pileus infundibuliform ; stem spongy-soft, internally fistulose with floc- cose vanishing villous down, wholly smooth, even and naked; gills almost bluish-grey-cinereous. The whole very watery, tough, flexible, inodorous. Easily distinguished by its slender stature, its striate pileus, and distant gills, which are at length white pulverulent, as in ^. melleus or laccatus. In fir woods. Ely, 1870, &c. Nov. Name — obba, a kind of cup. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 129. Hym. Eur. p. loi. Ico?i. t. 57. f. I. B. K^ Br. n. 1200*. Buxb. iv. /. 3. f. i. Bull. t. zjfSf. C. represents its habit excellently, but the stem is coloured white. C. Illust. PI. 230. 181. A. pruinosus Lasch. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, brown, becoming cinereous when dried, hygrophanous, fleshy- membranaceous, when young umbilicate and pruinose, when full grown broadly infundibuliform and smooth, sometimes squamu- lose ; flesh thin, becoming cinereous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-3 mm. {1-1% lin.) thick, stuffed or obsoletely fistulose, equal, often ascending or curved, Jibrillose when young, of the same colour as the pileus, but often paler. Gills decurrent, crowded, narrow, slightly arcuate when young, scythe-shaped when full grown, white then dingy. Thin, slightly rigid, inodorous. The pruina on the pileus is lead-colour. The stem is more solid, thickened, and flocculose at the base. Easily distin- guished from neighbouring species by its habit and colours. Like A. cyathi- formis, but perhaps nearer to Hydrogrammi. On rotten wood and on the ground. Kew, 1882. Nov.-Dec. "^dime^pruina, hoar-frost. From the pruina on the pileus. Lasch. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. loi. Icon. t. $7. f. 3. C. Illust. PL 231. 182. A. concavus Scop. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, hygrophanous, fuliginous when moist, cinereous or clay-hoary when dry, slightly fleshy, very thin, flaccid, at first plano-convex, widely and deeply umbilicate, then wholly concave (not infundi- buliform), smooth, the convexo-plane border u?idulated, margin LEUCOSPORI. 91 even; flesh tough, pallid. Stem 2.5 cent (i in.) or a little more Clitocybe. broad, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, tough, but wholly tibrous- soft, commonly curt, equal, naked, smooth, ci?tereous. Gills decurrent, arcuate, very crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, dark fidigitious. Often gregarious; almost inodorous. At first sight like a species of Omphalia. In woods. Rare. Spores ovoid, comma-shaped, slightly punctate, greenish, 10 mk. Q. Name — concavus, concave. Scop. Car?i. p. 449. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 130. Hym. Eur. p. 102. Icon. t. SJ-f- 2. B. b' Br. n. 1512, 183. A. brumalis Fr. — Pileus livid when moist, whitish and at length becoming yellow when dry, commonly darker at the disc, fleshy-membranaceous, at first convex, umbilicate, reflexed at the circumference, 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, then infundibuliform, often irregular and undulated, as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, smooth, even. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, slightly firm, hollow, equal or slightly thickened at the apex, at length compressed, somewhat incurved, smooth, naked, becoming livid, white when dry, white-villous at the base. Gills decurrent, at first arcuate, then descending, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, distinct, livid, then becoming yellow-white. Odour weak, not unpleasant. B. Wholly watery whitish. Pileus infundi- buliform, margin deflexed, milk-white when dry; stem fistulose, somewhat striate, smooth at the base; gills less crowded, but rather broad, whitish. Bull. t. 278. A—B. In woods. Common. Oct.-Jan. Spores 3 mk. W.G.S. Name — bruma, winter. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 131. Hym. Eur. p. 103. Berk. Out. p. -112,. C. Hbk. n. 102. Illust. PI. 114. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 104. V. — Orbiformes. ■^ Gills becoming cinereous. 184. A. metachrous Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, fuscous-cinereous when young, then livid, whitish when dry, slightly fleshy, at first convex, soon rather plane or depressed, margin even, slightly striate only when old. Stem about 4 cent (i>^ in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, but broader when com- presssed, stuffed when young, round, soon hollow and hence becoming easily compressed, equal, tough, externally fibrous, grey, white-priiinose at the apex. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, crowded, linear, plane, thin, whitish-cinereous. 92 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. Protean, but the essential marks by which it can always be easily distin- guished are these : odour none, stem pruinose at the apex, pileus co7ivex (and somewhat umbonate) then plane and depressed, gills cinereous-whitish. One variety has the darker disc fuscous, another is flesh-coloured, another dingy- rufescent {Batschf. 102). In grassy woods, among leaves, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov. Spores 6x3 mk. W.P. Name — jaera, of change of condition; xp^Si colour. Changing colour. Fr. lilonogr. i. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. T03. Berk. Out. p. 112. C. Hbk. ?i. 103. Illust. PI. 115. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 105. 185. A. pausiacus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, ciner- eous, becoming somewhat olive, fleshy, thin, at first convex (sometimes umbonate), then plane and depressed, even, smooth (when young covered over with hoary silky dew). Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 3 mm. (i^ lin.) thick, tough, somewhat hol- low, equal, striate and often undulated on the surface, smooth, but white pruinose at the apex, a7iereoiis. Gills very broad be- hind and obtusely adnate, very crowded, seniicircula7', manifestly inclining to olivaceous at every stage of growth. Odour weak, but frumentaceous. Allied to A. metachroiis, but easily dis- tinguished by its very broad and olivaceous gills. Intermediate between A. metachrous and A. ditopus. On the ground. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name — pausia, an olive. From the colour of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 133. Hym. Eur. p. 104. Icon. t. 58. f. 2. B. 6= Br. n. 1737. 186. A. ditopus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, cinereous, somewhat fleshy, tough, at first convexo-plane and ob- tuse, at length inverted, infundibuliform and often undulato- lobed. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, hollow theii compressed., equal, 7iaked, pale cinereous, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, at length turned upwards and divergent in the lobes, dark ci7iereous. Its stature is that of A. metachrojis, but it has a very strong odour of ?iew meal. Remarkable as compared with the rest for its toughness and irregular- ity of form, and for being found only in a rotten condition in later autumn when the rest are in fullest vigour. Among dead leaves. Moccas Park, 1881. Name — 5itt6s, twofold ; ttov?, a foot. Probably from stems growing two together. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 133. Hyjn. Eur. p. 104. C. Illust. PL 116. ** Gills whitish. 187. A. diatretus Fr. — Pileus slightly fleshy, tough, when young convex, regular, obtuse, 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, the involute margin pubescent, when full grown piano-depressed, 2.5-5 cent. LEUCOSPORI. 93 (i-2 in.) broad, often flexuous, even, smooth, hygrophanouSjj'f^i'/^- ciitocybe. colour when moist, at length tan colour and flaccid, the spread- ing margin naked, whitish when dry. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, spongy-stuffed then hollow, elastic, flexile, equal, round, even, smooth, pallid, naked at the apex, pubescent at the base. Gills adnata, but sharp-pointed behind and decurrent with a tooth, crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, at first ivhite-Jlesh-colour then becoming pale-white. Almost inodorous. Easily distinguished by its unusual colour. Pileus slightly rigid when young. The stem is not cartilaginous. In pine wood. Coed Coch. Autumn. In ' Hym. Eur.' Fries describes the stem as tense and straight. Name — SiarprjTos, perforate. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 104. B. of Br. 7i. 1406. C. Illust. PL 232. 188. A. fragrans Sow. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, of 07ie colour not darker at the disc, watery pallid when moist, whit- ish wh^n dry, slightly fleshy, rather plane, at first convex then somewhat depressed, smooth, even or when moist slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, elastic, equal, smooth, even, most frequently, however, villous at the base, and here and there ob- soletely pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, sharp-pointed be- hind, somewhat decurrent, rather crowded, broader than the watery flesh of the pileus, whitish. Habit not distinguished, but very remarkable for its strong fragrajit odour of anise. In mossy places in woods and pastures. Common. July-Jan. Spores 6x4 mk. IV.G.S. Very remarkable for its power of standing cold. On the 30th December 1882 I gathered it, after very severe frost (Ther. — o for three nights in succession) and a week of complete thaw, in a perfectly fresh condition, and with the smell unchanged. 'Ha.me— fragrans, sweet- scented. Sow. i. 10. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 135. Hym. Eur. p. 105. Berk. Out. p. 112, C. Hbk. n. 104. Illust. PI. 124. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 106. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 27. f. 5. Krombh. t. i.f. 34-38. Letell. t. 658. Brig. t. 19. Hoffm. Anal. t. 3./. 2. 189. A. angustissimus Lasch. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, watery white, shining whitish when dry, fleshy, thin, piano- depressed, not umbilicate, even, smooth ; margin spreading, slightly striate when old ; flesh, though very thin, moderately firm. ^Xqtcl stuffed, iiitertially fibrous, 2-3 mm. {i-i/4 lin.) thick, often curved and flexuous, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, smooth or pubes- cent at the base, nahed at the apex. Gills somewhat decurrcfit, very crowded, thin, ?iarrow, white. 94 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. Very \\ke A. /ragrajzs, but inodorous; colour purer white and stem thinner. Less watery than others of this group. Among leaves. Ascot, 1873, &c. Oct. Name — angushis, narrow. From the very narrow gills. Lasch. n. 523. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 136. Hym. Eur. p. 105. Ico?i. t. sg.f. 2. C. Illust. PL 125. B. 6^ Br. n. 1407. 190. A. obsoletus Batsch. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, at first grey but soon turning whitish, clay-ivhite when dry, sometimes inclining to flesh -colour, somewhat fleshy, soft^ convex or gibbous then plane and depressed, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuff'ed then soon Jiol- low, elastic, tough, at first round, then often compressed, but never flexuous, even, smooth, very obsoletely pruinate at the apex, whit- ish. Gills obtusely adnate, almost 7'oiuided behind, then adnato- decurrent, broad, crowded, grey-whitish. Gregarious, obsoletely fragra7it. Intermediate between A. metachrous and A. fragra7is. Among grass and leaves. Coed Coch, &c. Oct.-Nov. Odour varying from that of bitter almonds to that of aniseed. B. &^ Br. Name — obsoletus, obsolete, faint. The term obsoletus used by Batsch does not refer to an odour less than that oi A. fragrans, but to the pallid tint as com- pared with his A. obsolescens. B. 6^ Br. Batsch f. 103. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 136, Hym. Eur. p. 105. B. 6^ Br. n. 1738, 1929. C. Illust. PL 233. Fr. Dan. t. 2021. VI. — Versiformes. ■* Pileus dirty-colo7t7'ed, &^c. 191. A. ectypus Fr.— Pileus about 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, dingy or light-yelloiu-honey colour, then rufescent and when rot- ting almost brown, fieshy., somewhat thin, convex then rather plane or depressed, streaked at the disc with i?inate Jibrils radiat- ing from the centre, as if sprinkled with soot or squamulose ; mar- gin very thin, striate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, hollow, elastic, somewhat bulbous or equal, yf^^r//- lose, beco7ning di7igy light yellow, soon olivaceous, becoming black at the base. Gills adnate, also decurrent with a rather delicate tooth, dista7it, connected by veins, wJiite, soon becoming pale, then spotted-riifous, so77iewhat 77iealy with the plentiful spores. The colour is both variable and changeable with age. Gregarious ; some- times many are joined in a caespitose manner at the base. Odour at first pleasant, of anise, at length foetid. Of the nature of A. melleus which it approaches in the gills being somewhat mealy with the spores as well as in colour, but without the trace of a veil. LEUCOSPORI. 95 In meadows, damp places. Mossburnford, Jedburgh, &:c. Dec. ciitocybe Spores ovoid-pruniform, 9 mk. Q. Name — e/crvTros, worked in relief. Prob- ably from the appearance of the markings. Fr. Moriogr. i, /. 140. Hym. Eur. p. 107. Ico7i. t. 59. yi I. Berk. Out. p. 112. C, Hbk. n. 106. Illust. PI. 126. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 107. 192. A. bellus Pers. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, dark yellow, sometimes rufescent, sprinkled with darker squanmles, at length becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, pliant, convex then ex- panded, depressed in the centre, at length undulato-repand at the margin. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed 2X length hollow, equal, tough, but fibrous, and exter- nally riviilose with the fibrils, becomi7ig yellow. Gills adnate, at length decurrent with a tooth, very broad, dista?it, connected by veins, sometimes branched, paler than the pileus, becomi7ig yellow, at length rufescent. Somewhat caespitose. Almost intermediate between A. ectypus and A. laccatus ; odour when old almost that of the former, but otherwise nearer to the latter, and almost equally various in stature. In fir plantations. Uncommon. Sept. Gills incarnato-ferruginous, so far differing from Fries. It is at once distin- guished from ^. laccatus by its foetid smell. M.jf.B. Name — bellus, of beauty. Pretty. Pers. Syfi. p. 452. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 140. Hym. Eur. p. 107. Berk. Out. p. 113, not Gonn. & Rab. C. Hbk. n. xoj. Illust. PI. 183. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 108. ** Pileus bright, &r^c. 193. A. laccatus 1 Scop. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, thin, ahiiost membranaceous, convex, at length rather plane, more or less umbilicato-depressed, dry, but remarkably hygrophanoiis, becoming pale in drying, and the cuticle separating ijito 7?iealy sqiunnules or somewhat silky, sometimes undulato- crisped and variously irregularly shaped. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, tough, wholly fibrous, stuffed, equal, often flexuous, or twisted, fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus, white villous at the base. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, commonly distinct, very broad, distant, plane, flesh-colour or violaceous, at length white-mealy. There are two primary types of colour : one rufuus-Jlesh when moist, pileus ochraceous when dry ; the other dark violaceous, pileus becoming hoary when dry. Besides that the colours are both variable and changeable, its stature is 1 The Rev. M. J, Berkeley proposes a new genus, Laccaria, of which this species is the type. As there are other subgenera, e.g., luocybe, which may ultimately rank as genera, it is better perhaps in the meantime to retain A. laccatus and its allies under Ciitocybe. 96 AGARICUS. Clitocybe. so various that it is possible to gather individual specimens 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in.) or (in sandy paths) 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin. ) high ; these are at the same time very irregularly formed, excentric, &c. The following varieties in colour are more constant : a) mfous-Jlesh, pileus when dry somewhat ochraceous. A. farinaceus H^ids, Bolt. t. 64. Sow. t. 208. Fl. Dan. t. 1249. A. rosellus Batsch f. 99; h) yellow, gills flesh-colour. Buxb. C. iv. t. 30,/". i; c) pileus yellow-violaceous , ochraceous when dry, gills violaceous. A. impolitus Schum.; d) dark violaceous, pileus becoming hoary when dry. A. amethystinus Bott. t. 63. Sow. t. 187. In woods, &c. Extremely common. June-Dec. Spores globose, M.J.B. ; echinulate, 9-10 mk. K. ; rough, 8-10 mk. B. ; 9 mk. IV.G.S. A most provoking Agaric. Name — lac, a resinous substance, produced on trees in the East by the lac insect, used in dyeing. From the peculiar red of the pileus resembling that of gum-lac. Scop. p. 444. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 141, Hym. Eur. p. 108. Berk. Out. p. 113. t. 5. /. 3. C. Hbk. n. 108. Illust. PL 139. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 109. Grev. t. 249. Hussey i. /. 47. Schceff. t. 13. Bull. t. 570. y. i. Krombh. t. 43. /i 17-20. Batt. t. 18. G — /. A, tortilis Bolt. t. 41./. A is perhaps only a very irregular form. 194. A.Sadleri B. & Br. — Pileus 5-6 cent. {2-2% in.) broad, light yellow, centre tawny, piano - depressed or umbilicate, at first slightly silky, at length becoming smooth towards the centre. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) high, about Ye in. thick except at the base where it is thickened, yellow, with tawny fibrils, becoming smooth. Gills decurrent, thin, very crowded, lemon-yellow, quite entire at the margin. Caespitose ; strong-smelling. The taste is intensely acrid, hke that of A. fascicularis. Probably of exotic origin. On an oak tub in Conservatory. Edinburgh, 1877. Jan.-Oct. Name — after John Sadler. B. ^ Br. 71. 1734 bis. Trans. Bot. Soc. Ed. xiii. p. 216. S. Mycol. Scot. n. no. C. Illust. PI. 127. Collybia. Siibgefius VI. COLLYBIA {koW'vPos, a small coin). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 129. Stem fistulose, cartilaginous or stuffed with a pith, and coated with a cartilaginous cuticle, rooting. Pileus slightly fleshy, neither sitlcato-plicate nor wrinkled, the inargi?! at first involute. Gills (membranaceous, soft) free or only obtusely adnexed behind. Epiphytal on wood, leaves, &'c., 7iay on fungi, but ofteji rooted in the ground, not shrivelling or dryi7ig up. The Marasmii are distinguished from the Collybias proper by the structure of their gills, their somewhat coriaceous substance, their somewhat persistent tenacity of life, whereby they possess the g2iality of reviving after being dried up. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 109. The species are in general well marked and easily recognised. LEUCOSPORI. 97 They grow more slowly and last longer than other Agarics. The Collybia. colour in most of them is variable. A. esciile7ttiis is perhaps the only edible species. Series A. Gills white or brightly coloured, and not cinereous I. Striaepedes (striate - stemmed). Stem stout, hollow or stuffed with a somewhat separate spongy pith, sulcate or fibrilloso- striate. * Gills broad, somewhat distant. ** Gills crowded, narrow. II. Vestipedes (clothed-stemmed). Stem thin, equal, fistulose or with a pith, even, velvety, Jloccosc, ox pruinose. * Gills broad, somewhat distant. ** Gills very narrow, very crowded. III. Lasvipedes (even - stemmed). Stem thin, equal, fistulose, naked, smooth (leaving out of view the base) and not conspicu- ously striate (but under a lens the stem of A. dryophilus, &c., is slightly striate). * Gills broad, lax, cominonly more or less dista?it. ** Gills narrow, crowded. Flesh white. VII- Agaric7is {Collyhici) butyra- ccus. One-fourth natural size. Series B. Gills becoming cinereous. Hygrophanus. IV. Tephrophanoe (ill-favoured). Colour fuscous, becoming cinereous. Allied to the last group of the Tricholomata and the Clitocybce, but distinguished by the cartilaginous stem. * Gills crowded, somewhat Jiarrow. ** Gills very broad, more or less dista?it. SERIES A. Gills white or brightly coloured, &c. I. — Striaepedes. * Gills broad, somewhat distant. 195. A. radicatus Rehl. — Pileus about 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, fuscous-olivaceous, &c., fleshy, thin, convex then flattened, gibbous rather than umbonate, often irregular, ghiti?tous, and radiato-riigose J flesh soft, elastic, white. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) and more long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, tense and straight, rigid, stuffed, equally attenuated from the root to the apex (equal only when more slender), rather smooth, at length striato-sulcate (the texture of the cartilaginous cuticle often twisted), commonly paler than the pileus, e?iding at the base i?z a tail-like Jusifonn root which is often a span long. Gills attenuated behind and adfixed, often with a decurrent tooth, at length somewhat separating, ven- tricose, distant, rather thick, shining white. G 98 AGARICUS. CoUybia. The colour of the pileus varies fuscous-olivaceous, fuliginous, reddish-brown, fuscous-ochraceous, becoming green. It has occurred also wholly shining white. Somewhat membranaceous when smaller. The radiating wrinkles become more manifest the larger it is. Solitary, inodorous, firm, the root fixed by subterranean rootlets. On stumps, &c., covered with soil. Common. June-Nov. Spores 11x17 "^k. W.G.S.; 11x9 mk, IV. P. ; 16-17x10-11 mk. B. Name — radix, a root. Rooted. Relhaii. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 146. Hy?n. Eur. p. 109. Berk. Out. p. 114. /. 5. f. 4. C. Hbk. 7i. 137. Illust. PI. 140. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. III. Sow. t. 48. Grev. t. '2\'j. Hussey \. t. 15. Kromhh. t. 72./. 26, 27. Paul. t. 97. bisf. 3, 4. 196. A. longipes Bull.— Pileus fleshy, thin, conico-expanded, umbonate, dry, somewhat velvety-villoiis. Stem stuffed, tall, attenuated upwards, villous, at leng-th sulcate, with a long fusi- form root. Gills rounded, somewhat distant, white. Formerly regarded as a variety of ^. radicatus. On stumps, &c. Uncommon. Autumn. Pileus and stem often tinted with yellow. M.J.B. Spores sphaeroid, 12 mk. Q. Name — lo7igus, long ; pes, a foot. Long-stemmed. Bull. t. 232. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. no. Berk. Out. p. 114. C. Hbk. ti. 138. Illust. PI. 201. Hussey i. t. 80. Larb. t. 16./. 1. Krombh. i. i.f. 31 a smaller form. 197. A. platyphyllus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, fuscous and cinereous then whitish, fleshy-membranaceous, thi?i, fragile, soon flattened, obtuse, watery when moist, streaked with fibi'ils. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in.) thick, stuffed, soft, equal, fibrilloso-striate, otherwise smooth, naked or obsoletely pruinate at the apex, whitish, shortly and bluntly root- ed at the base. Gills obliquely truncate behind, slightly adnexed, 12 mm. {Yz in.) and more broad, dista?tt, soft, white. ^ Odour not remarkable. It inclines towards the Tricholomata in the some- what inembranaceous cziticle of the soft stern. In woods, among leaves, &c. Rare. Oct. Spores i3Xi9mk. W.G.S. Name — TrAarus, broad ; ff>vWov, a leaf. Broad- gilled. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 147. Hym. Eur. p. no. Berk. Out. p. 114. B. 6* Br. n. 263, 323. C. Hbk. n. 139. Illust. PI. 128. S. Mycol. Scot. Siipp. Scot. Nat. vol. \\. p. 214. Paul. t. <^T.f. i, 2.? Buxb. C. iv. t. 18. A. grammocephalus Bull t. 594. — Clusii Pern. gen. viii. Sterb. t. 16. H. * A. repens Fr. — Pileus more fleshy, depressed ; stem hollow, compressed, pruinate at the apex, with a creeping string-like my- celium. It is most distinguished by its white, villous, anastomosing, very much branched mycelium which creeps a long distance in a rooting string-like man- ner. The so-called roots are quite heterogeneous from the stem, not a pro- LEUCOSPORI. 99 longation of the stem itself. Rhizomorpha xylostroma Ach. in Vet. Ac. Collybia. Handl. 1814, /. 9./. 7 represents the very singular mycelium, "i^diva^—repens , creeping. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 148. Hym. Eur. p. no. Icon. t. 61. Berk. Out. p. 114. 198. A. semitalis Fr.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, when fresh moist, pitch-black, fuliginous or smoky-livid, hygro- phanous, when dry sometimes becoming pallid cinereous-yellow or isabelline, sometimes grey, fleshy-cartilaginous, thin, convex then plane, obtuse^ even, smooth; the margin at first inflexed and smooth, then spreading and slightly pellucid-striate ; flesh thin, scissile, moist when in vigour, white when dry. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then somewhat hollow, tough, elastic, attenuated from the somewhat bulbous and often bluntly-rooting base, Jibrilloso-sttHate, slightly fuscous- or cinereous-white, naked at the apex. Gills obtuse (attenuated or rounded) behind, adjixed in the form of a ring^\\h a small tooth which is decurrent on the stem, sofnewhat dista7it, broad, distinct, white then becoming cinereous, spotted black when touched, and at length becoming black, but the spores white. Sometimes csespitose. Its true affinity and place are very doubtful ; from its habit it belongs to this group, but it grows on the ground, and the cuticle of the stein, which is fibrous internally, is memhranaceous. It is wholly some- what cartilaginous, however, somewhat tough, most variable in its dimensions. B. Stem sometimes curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 Un.) thick, equal, but curved-ascending, wholly solid ; pileus piano-depressed, irregular, less hygrophanous. C. Stem solid, bulbous (the bulb as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick), &c. The gills, however, always present marks by which it may be safely distinguished from all others. By waysides after much rain. Coed Coch. Oct.-Nov. Name — semitalis, pertaining to footpaths or byways. Fr. Monogr. i.p. 146. Hym. Eur. p. no. Icon. t. 62. B. dr" Br. n. 1739. C. Illiist. PI. 292. Buxb. C. iv. t. 14. 199. A. fusipes Bull. — Pileus 4 cent, {i}^ in.) broad, riifescent- r eddish-brown, becoming pale and also dingy tan, fleshy, convex then flattened, umbonate (the umbo at length vanishing), even, smooth, dry, here and there broken up in cracks when dry. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, commonly 12 mm. (f/z in.) but here and there as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fib7'ous-stuffed then hollow, remarkably cartilaginous externally, swollen, ventri- cose iti the middle, attenuated at both e?tds, often twisted, longitudi- nally striato-sulcate, rufous or rufous-brown, rooted in a fusiforyn 7nafmer at the base. Gills annulato-adnexed, soon separating, free, broad, distant, firm, connected by veins, crisped, white then be- coming somewhat of the same colour as the pileus, often spotted. lOO AGARICUS. Collybia. On account of the rigid cuticle the stem is often spUt into cracks forming revolute flaps. Commonly densely caespitose, very various in stature and size, but always firm, tough. On old stumps, &c. Common. July-Nov. Spores 6x3 mk. W.G.S.; 4-5x2-4 mk, B. The taste is pleasant, so it may perhaps be edible. Name—/usus, a spindle ; pes, a foot. Spindle- stemmed. Bull. t. 106, 516./".. 2. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 149. Hyni. Eur. p. in. Berk. Out. p. 115. t. 5./". 5. C. Hbk. n. 140. Illust. PI. 141. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 112. Sow. t. 129. Price f. 85. Hussey ii. t. 48. Kroinbh. t. 42./". 9-1 1. Fl. Dan. t. 1607. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 4. A. crassipes Schceff. t. 87, 88. * A. cedematopus Sch^ff. — Pileus rufous-date-brown, con- ical then becoming plane, pulverule7itj stem stout veiitricose, fibrillose, pulverulent j gills pallid. Somewhat caespitose. On trunks. Glamis, 1883. Name — oiSij/aa, a swel- ling ; TTow?, a foot. With swollen stem. Schczff. t. 259. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 112. B. b^ Br. n. 1995. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885,/. 21. A. fusiformis Btill. t. 76. A. bulbosus Pall. Ross i. t. g.f. 2. ■^■^ Gills crowded, narrow. 200. A. maculatus A. & S. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, whitish, here and there guttate with paler spots and com- monly spotted-rufesce7it, fleshy, commonly very compact, convexo- plane, in no wise lax, obtuse, repand, even, smooth ; margin thin, at first involute, somewhat naked. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. {Yz-i in.) thick, hard, commonly stuffed, some- times however hollow, externally cartilaginous, somewhat ve7itri- cose (flexuous when more slender), striate, white, here and there spotted-rufous, base attenuated rooted and blunt. Gills emargin- ato-free, very crowded, linear, scarcely ever 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, becoming pale-white. The colour of the pileus is at first white, then spotted rubiginous, and at length occasionally wholly rufescent. Slightly acid. In woods, chiefly pine and beech. Common. July-Nov. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. ; 6x5 mk. W.P. ; 4-6 mk. B. Name — macula, a spot. Spotted. Alb. ^ Schw. p. 186. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 150. Hym. Eur. p. 112. Berk. Out. p. 115. C. Hbk. n. 141. Hlust. PI. 142. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 113. Hussey ii. /. 60. A. carnosus Sow. t. 246. Var. immaculatus C. Hlust. PI. 221 ? 201. A. distortus Fr. — Pileus almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, bay-brown, becoming pale but not hygrophanous, fleshy, thin, convex then expanded, umbonate, very lax, even, smooth. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 12 mm. (X in.) thick, and wholly attenuated upwards from the tomentose base, fragile, externally cartilaginous, internally spongy, soon hollow, contorted, sulcate, LEUCOSPORI. lOI pallid. Gills slightly adnexed, crowded, somewhat linear, scarcely Collybia. serrulated, at length spotted-rubigiJious. Gregarious. Intermediate between A. fusipes and A. butyraceus. It is nearest to the former, but most like the latter. Very distinct in the broad, lax pileus, in the thinner, twisted, pallid stem, and in the spotted gills. On roots of trees. Bowood, 1869, &c. Oct. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 8-10 x 4-5 mk. K. Name — distorgueo, to twist. From the twisted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 150. Hym. Eur. p. 113. Icon. t. 63./. I. B. 6^ Br. n. 1205. C. Illust. PL 282. 202. A. butyraceus Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, normally rufous-browti, but becoming pale, fleshy, convex then expanded, more or less 7C7nbo7iate, dry, even, smooth ; flesh buttery- soft, somewhat hygrophanous, flesh-colour then white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, conico-atte?tuated from the thickened white- tomentose base, hence much thinner at the apex, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) only, but at the base 1-2.5 cent. {%-! in.) thick, externally covered over with a rigid cartilagi?i02(s cuticle, internally stuffed with soft spojigy pith, or hollow only when old, striate^ rttfoiis, commonly smooth, but varying with white deciduous squamules, and occa- sionally wholly pulverulento-villous. Gills slightly adnexed, soinewhat free, thin, crowded., C7'e7mlate, white, never spotted- rufous. The colour of the pileus is both changeable and variable ; also fuscous-livid, becoming pale - ochraceous, or becoming wholly pale-white. Solitary or growing in troops. In woods, chiefly fir. Common. Jan. -Dec. When quite young livid-brown, the margin subrufescent, but a portion below the umbo soon grows pale, so that the pileus appears of four colours. Easily distinguished by its greasy-looking pileus and cartilaginous stem. M.J.B. Umbo persistently dark. On making a section, a coloured line will be observed extending from the base of the stem (cuticle rufous) to the margin of the pileus. Spores 6-10 X 3-5 mk. B. Name — hityr7n?i, butter. Buttery to the touch. Bull. t. 572. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 151. Bytn. Ezir. p. 113. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 46. Out. p. 115. C. Hbk. n. 142. Illust. PL 143. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 114. Buxb. C. iv. /. 5./. I. Batt. t. 16. c. — A. leiopus P^rj. Ic. pict. -2./. 1-3. 203. A. xylophilus Weinm. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, (10 cent., 4 in., when flattened), whitish or becoming fus- cous-tan at the middle, slightly fleshy, wide, spreading, ca77ipanu- late, lax, commonly obtuse, sometimes furnished with a minute umbo ; at length rimosely split towards the margin and more ex- panded, broadly gibbous, smooth, moist; flesh everywhere very thin, fragile, becoming watery-fuscous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, but often flexuous, fibril- loso-striate, whitish, quite destitute of a veil, internally becoming 102 AGARICUS. Coiiybia fuscous. GlUs adnatc, often decurrent with a small tooth, very narrow (only 2 mm. (i lin.) broad), very crowded, entire. Caespitose. As regards the gills, it is allied to A. conjluens. About old stumps. Black Park, Langley, 1882. Sept. Name — 'ivKov, timber; ^iKous- velvety, lax, very long, stiff. Gills separating-free, distant, broad, ventricose, milk-white. A very remarkable species. On wood. Name — laxus, lax; pes, a foot. Lax-stemmed. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 115. Quit. Jur. \\. p. 330. t. 2./. 2. Batt. t. g. /. 5. C. Illust. PL 184. B. LEUCOSPORI. 103 206. A. mimicus Smith.— Pileus smooth, with a thin separable Coiiybia. cuticle. Stem fibrillose at the base, fibrilloso-striate in the middle, naked or slightly pruinose at the apex. Gills very broad, somewhat distant, thin, white. Odour and taste strong like fish. Agreeing in some points with A. cucmnis, but differing very materially in others. Among shavings. Pileus pale brownish -yellow. Spores elliptical. Name — mimicus, mimic. From its resemblance to A. cucumis. Worth. Smith ijj litt. C. Illust. PL 129. 207. A. vertirugis Cke. — Pileus not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dull brown or cinereous, campanulate, at length convexo- plane, radiato-wrinkled, tough, somewhat membranaceous, mi- nutely pulverulent. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2>^in.) long, 1-2 mm. (>^- I lin.) thick, fistulose, sometimes compressed, rufous, minutely velvety, strigose at the base. Gills truly adnate, ascending or horizonal, moderately distant, connected by veins, white, with a yellowish tinge. On dead fern-roots, stumps, &c. Uncommon. Oct. '^z.-mo,— vertex , top ; ruga, a wrinkle. Berk. (A. undatus) Eng. Fl. v. p. 51. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. 71. 147. Illust. PI. 149. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 116. 208. A. stipitarius Fr.— Pileus slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, umbilicate, velvety-sqiiamtilose, or fuscous-fibrillose. Stem stuffed then fistulose, tough, date-brown, shaggy-fibrillose. Gills separat- ing-free, ventricose, somewhat distant, white. On grass, thatch, twigs, &c. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Pileus 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick. Its habit is that oi Marasmius ferforans. Name — stipes, a stem. Growing on stems. Fr. Hyfn. Eur. p. 116. Berk. Out. p. 116. /. 5./. 6. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 116. Hussey \. t. 68. C. Illust. PL 149. b. A. scabellus Alb. &= Schw. t. 9./. 6, not S. M. A. cauhcinalis Bull. t. 522,/. 2 (a remarkable variety, not With., Sow., Sw., &c.) Fr. Monogr. i. /. 158. C. Hbk. n. 144. *"^ Gills very narrow, very crowded. 209. A. hariolorum D.C.— Pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, whitish, somewhat membranaceous, pliant, campanulato- convex then flattened, obtuse, rather depressed, even, smooth, somewhat striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose, somewhat equal, somewhat compressed, for the most part covered over with whitish somewhat woolly villous down, naked and pallid only at the very apex, o\.\\Q.v\^\SQ fliscous-rufescent, internally villous at the sides. 104 AGARICUS. CoUybia. GiUs at first slightly adnexed, soon free, soinewhat crowded, linear, whitish. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, strong-smelling. Like Maj-asmius ejy- thropus, but a true Agaric, nearest to A. conjlueyis. In woods. Coed Coch. Spores 6-7 X 3-3 >^ mk. ^. Name — hariohis, 2^soo\h%^y&[. Another name of the species is A. sagarum, from saga, a witch. The names seem to indi- cate some superstitious idea attached in France to the Agaric, or some super- stitious use made of it. Dec. Fl.fr. \\. p. 182. Bull. t. 585./. 2. Fr. Mon- ogr. \. p. 155. Hym. Eur. p. 117. B. &= Br. n. 1740. C. Illust. PL 150. A, sagarum Seer. ?i. 735. 210. A. confluens Pers. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, hygrophanous, rufescent when moist, wholly white when dry, slightly fleshy, but tough, flaccid, convex then flattened, at first obtuse, at length however (contrary to rule) broadly and obtusely umbonate, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even when dry. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, but widened in lying flat against others and occa- sionally truly united in a bundle, and dilated chiefly at the apex, fisttilose^ remarkably cartilaginous, rufous, everywhet-e piclveriilent with dense white villous dow7i. Gills /r^^, at length remote from the stem, very crowded, very narrow, linear, flesh-colour then whitish. Growing in troops, many individual specimens becoming confluent in rows by the expanded floccose mycelium, but easily separating each from the other, not truly caespitose. In external appearance various Maras7nii are very like it. A. harioloruin, A. i?igratus, andr^. acervatus are allied to it. In woods. Frequent. June-Oct. Name — confliw, to flow together. From the cohering stems. Pers. Syn.p. 368. Ic.pict. t. 5./. I. Fr. Monogr. p. 156. Hym. Eur. p. 117. Berk. Out. p. 116. C. Hbk. 71. 145. Illust. PL 150. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 117, Saund. 6^ Sm. t. 30. FL Bat. t. 1083. Buxh. C. iv. t. 20. — Batschf. 104 var. 211. A. ingratus Schum. — Pileus 4 cent. {lYz in.) broad, dingy fuscous-tan, slightly fleshy, pliant, globoso-campanulate then ex- panded, U7nb07iate, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick or in becoming compressed still broader, cartilaginous, fistulose, flexuous, twined, beco77ii7ig fuscoiis, not rooted at the base, at length umber, white-77iealy above., internally villous at the sides. Gills /r^i?, very crowded and narrow, but slightly ventricose, quite entire, pallid. C^spitose, tough, with a mouldy odour. A smaller form occurs : Pileus 2,5 cent, (i in.) broad, convex then plane. Stem 4 cent. (iK in.) long, only 2 mm. (i hn.) thick, pulverulent, attenuated and smooth downwards, exter- nally and internally of the same colour as the pileus, not rufesce?it. LEUCOSPORI. 105 In woods. Uncommon. Aug. Coliybia. Differs principally from A. confluens in the gills not leaving a free space round the top of the stem. M.J.B. Name — ingratus, unpleasant. From the odour. Schum. p. 304. Fr. Mofwgr. \. p. 156. Hyni. Eur. p. 118. Icon. t. 64./; I. Berk. Out. p. 116. var. pileus convex, obtuse ; stem villoso-pulver- ulent. C. Hbk. n. 146. Illust. PL 283. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 118. 212. A. conigenus Pers. — Pileus about 1-2.5 cent. (>^-i in.) broad, brick -livid or pale yellowish -livid then becoming pale, slightly fleshy, slightly firm, convex then rather plane, some- what u77ibo7iate, unequal, often angular, also depressed, smooth, slightly striate at the margin when moist. Stem sometimes 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, sometimes elongated to 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.), deli- cately fisUilose, cartilaginous, tough, 'wh.oWy Jilif or 7n, of the same colour as the pileus, at the Jirst white-pulver7ile7tt XhroMghoui, when larger at length somewhat naked, rooted at the strigose tail-shaped base. Gills at first slightly adnexed, soon separating, yr^^, very crowded, plane, linear, quaternate, white, becoming pale. For the most part gregarious. Variable in stature and form. There is a variety at the first, pale nay white, smaller. Alb. 6f Schw. Var. porci?ia be- coming dingy yellow^, pileus slightly striate, stem elongated, filiform. On fir-cones. Common. Sept.-Dec. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 3-4X2mk, K. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S.; 4-6 X 2-3 mk. B. Name — cofuis, a cone ; gigno, to bear. Growing on cones. Pers. Syn. p. 388. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 158. Hy7n. Eur. p. T18. Icon. t. 6j.f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. n. 148. Illust. PL 130. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 119. Buxb. C. i. t. S7-f- 2. 213. A. cirrhatus Schum. — Pileus from the size of a pin's head to 10-12 mm. (5-6 lin.) broad, white, opaque, slightly fleshy, conico-convex then plane, then at the middle iwibilicato-depressed and rufescent often with a small central protuberance, slightly silky, at length very delicately and often concentrically rivulose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, delicately Jistztlose, Jilifor77i, fitx- uous, pallid, wJiite-piilverulent^ rooted with 2.fibrillose twisted tail. Gills adnate, at length however occasionally separating, crowded.^ Ii7iear, very narrow, very unequal, white. It is often difficult to detect the interior tube of the stem. Very variable in size and stature, but always very small, tough. It never has a radical tuber. Growing in troops. Intimately related to A. conigetius and A. tuberosus, but widely distant from A. ocellatus, which is like it. Among leaves, &c., and on blackened fungi. Common. Aug.- Nov. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid or ellipsoid, 4-2x3 mk. A'./ 3-6x2-3 mk. B. Name — cirrus, a curl. From the root. Schum. 71. 1773. Fr. Monogr. i. p. Io6 AGARICUS. Collybia. 159. Hy7n. Eur. p. 119. Icon. t. 68./. i. Berk. Out. p. 117. C. Hbk. n. 149. Illust. PI. 144. B. S. My col. Scot. n. 120. 214. A. tuberosus Bull. — Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, white, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, 7(?nbonate'b\ii not umbilicato-de- pressed, slightly silky then beco7ni7ig smooth.^ even, opaque. Stem 12 mm. {yz in.) or more long, i m. (X lir»-) thick, somewhat fis- ttilose, commonly ascending, equal, obsoletely pulverulent, white, rarely rufescent, the base wholly smooth., attached to a tuber. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, unequal, slightly ventricose, white. Very small, but tough, slightly firm, gregarious. Always growing on a tuber, which is solid, s7nooth, sclerotioid, becomitig yellow. The stem is often elongated, sometimes proliferotis. It is often difficult to detect the internal tube of the stem from its thinness. Ovi di^dL^i rS.g2iX\Q,Sy diVidi Polyporus sqiiamostts. Common. Aug.- Nov. The summer form has no tuberous root ; later in the year the tuber is formed, which produces its pileus the following season. B. (5r= Br. Spores 3x2 mk. W.G.S. Name — tuber, a tuber. Tuberous-rooted. Bull. t. 256. Fr. Monogr. p. 160. Hyjn. Eur. p. 119. Berk. Out. p. 117. B. fir" Br. n. 1205*. C. Hbk. n. 150. Illust. PI. 144. a. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 121. Grev. t. 23. Fl. Dan. t. 1613. QuU. t. 3./ 5. Batschf. 93. 215. A. racemosus Pers. — Pileus somewhat membranaceous, convex, papillate., somewhat to?nentose-grey. Stem somewhat stuffed, racemose with ^////^/^(unbranched} small-headed hairs, the sclerotioid base black. Gills adnate, crowded, white. Of the same stature as A. tuberosus from which it differs in the sclerotioid tuber beitig larger, irregularly shaped, and black, in the stem being somewhat stuffed, in a wholly peculiar manjier racemose with sitnple, equally long, S7nall- headed hairs, 2.5 cent, (i in.), and not pruinose, and in the pileus being thinner, papillato-co7ivex, slightly grey-villous and of a grey colour in all its parts except the gills which are white. The small heads on the stem resemble Stilbum. On the ground, and rotten fungi. Very rare. King's Cliffe. It turns black in drying. M.y.B. Name — racemus, a cluster. Pers. Disp. t. 2- f- 8. [Nees. f. 190). Fr. Hy7)i. Eur. p. 119. Monogr. \. p. 160. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. 71. 151. Sow. t. 287. A. globulifer ^rc«cf. Cr. Ag. t. e.f. 6, 7. III. — L^VIPEDES. * Gills broad^ lax, commo?ily more or less distant. 216. A. coUinus Scop. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, be- coming pale-fuscous or pale-tan, fleshy-membranaceous, ca7npa7i- ulate then expa7ided and when flattened U77ibonate, smooth, so7ne- what viscous and slightly striate whe7i i7ioist, when dry even, shin- LEUCOSPORI. 107 ing; flesh thin white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. Coiiybia. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat fragile, somewhat equal, or slightly attenuated upwards, even, stnooth, pallid-whitish, pubes- cent at the base. Gills adnexed when young, \.\\&r\ free, somewhat distant, broad, lax, quaternate, becoming pale-white. Commonly gregarious. Habit that of Mycena, but the margin is at first incurved. On grassy slopes, beech-stumps. Uncommon. Oct. Name — collis, a hill. From its habitat. Scop. Cam. p. 132. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 161. Hym. Eur. p. 119. B. df Br. ?i. 1206. Seetn. jfourn. Bot. iw. p. 347. C. Hbk. n. 153. Illust. PI. 205. Schceff. t. 220. Fl. Dan, t. 1609. A. arundinaceus 5?^//. /. 403./; i. 217. A. ventricosus Bull. — Pileus tan or isabelline, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, umbonate, smooth. Stem fistulose, even, naked, riifesceiit, ventricose at the base, rooted. Gills arcuato- adfixed, ventricose, lax, somewhat crowded, undulated, rufescent. Allied to A. dryophihts, but broader and more lax. — Var. albus Bull. t. 411. /. B. In woods. Bathford, 1874, &c. Oct. Name — venter, the belly. From the ventricose base. Btdl. t. 411./". i, not Schum, Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 120. B. 6^ Br. n. 1514, 1741. C. Illust. PL 145. A. 218. A. Stevensoni B. & Br. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) broad and high, pallid yellow, semiovate, obtuse, viscid, here and there spotted by the viscous matter. Stem 4 cent, (ij^ in.) long, thin, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fibrillose, pulverulent upwards, composed of fibres, internally and externally slightly rufous, rooting. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, broad, distant, white. Allied to A. ventricosus, but differing in its slender almost solid stem, viscid semiovate pileus, and very broad, adnate, somev/hat ventricose, plane gills. In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Aug. The root is remarkable, somewhat long and thread-like, going deep into the soil. Name — after Rev. John Stevenson. B. b' Br. n. 1497. S. Mycol. Scot. n. -12.1. C. Illust. PL 145. B. 219. A. psathyroides Cke. Ivory-white. — Pileus 18 mm. (1^ in.) broad, nearly 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, campanulate, obtuse, rather viscid, margin regular, even. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, hollow, erect, slender, equal, rather tough. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, very broad, triangular, rather distant, persistently white. Spores elliptic, colourless, '015 x "007 mm. Allied \o A. Steve?isoni. Re- I08 AGARICUS. Collybia. sembling in habit some Psathyra or Panceolus, but the spores are absolutely colourless when fully mature. On the ground. Epping Forest, 1880. Oct. Name — Psathyra-like. Cooke Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 155. Illust. PL 266. 220. A. xanthopus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, tan then becoming pale, slightly fleshy, ca?npamilato-convex then expanded, lax, umbonate, smooth, dry, margin at length spread- ing, slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more thick, tough, fistulose, equal, even, smooth, yellow-tawny, strigosely rooted at the base. Gills trimcate behind^ at first adnexed, soon free, crowded, very broad, lax, whitish. Allied to A. dryophilus, from the common form of which it may be safely distinguished by its umbo, by its broad lax gills, and by the base of the stem. On stumps and among leaves. Uncommon. July. Name — ^a.vB6<;, yellow ; ttovs, a foot. Yellow-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 161. Hyni. Eur. p. 120. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 154. Illust. PI. 203. S. My col. Scot. n. 123. Batschf. 209 (var. stem tawny). 221. A. nitellinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i>^ in.) broad, when moist taw7iy or brick-tawny, when dry somewhat tan, some- what membranaceous, convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, polished, but when more accurately tx3jmnQ.(l so7newhat rjigidose, pellucido- striate when moist ; flesh of the same colour. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 3 mm. {1%. lin.) thick, appearing cartilaginous from its rigidity and polished surface, but at length soft, and readily splitting into fibrils, stuffed then fistulose, equal, flexuous, some- what rooted, smooth, slightly striate, ferruginotis-taw?iy, yellow when dry, often white villous at the base, more rarely obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, very obtuse behi?td and equally attenuated in front, somewhat crowded, narrow, whitish. There is a smaller variety with the pileus 12 mm. {%. in.) broad, umbonate, and the stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long. Sohtary or gregarious, inodorous. From its having the habit of A. laccatus, and the stem internally fibrous, it approaches Clitocybce, to which it was formerly referred, but from its polished shining stem it is better referred to Collybia. By roads in wood. Shrewsbury. Name — nitella, a squirrel. From its colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 142. Hym. Eur. p. 120. Icon. t. 65. / i, 2. B. 6f Br. n. 1742. C. Illust. PI. 146. Var. with crowded gills. 222. A. succineus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rtifous or brown-fuscous becoming pale, fleshy, thin, co?ivex then Jlattened, obtuse, at length depressed and unequal, rimosely split when dry, LEUCOSPORI. 109 even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) Coilybia. thick, fistulose, tough, equal but attenuated at the base and not rooted, even, everywhere smooth^ polished, pallid-rufescent. Gills adnate, obtuse behind, 7iot much crowded, very broad, rather thick, becoming pale white, edge serrulated. Solitary, inodorous. The pileus is easily split at the margin. It may be safely distinguished from A. dryophilus by its broad, thicker, and less crowded gills. The only allied species is A. nitellinus. In mixed wood. Coed Coch, &c. Aug. The plant is much darker in colour than the name would imply. Name — succinufn, amber. Amber-coloured. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 162. Hym. Eur. p. 120. Icon. t. 6s- f. 3. B. fir' Br. n. 1339. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 124. Schceff. t. 45. C. Ilhist. PL 151. 223. A. nummularius Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. (iX in.) and more broad, pallid, variegated here and there with yellow and reddish, slightly fleshy, rather plane, depressed rotind the obsolete umbo, even. Stem 4 cent. {\yi in.) long, stuffed then hollow, smooth, pallid, thickened at the apex. Gills free, somewhat distant, white. Beautiful, arid. In mixed wood. Glamis, 1874. July-Oct. Name — nummulus, a small coin. From some fancied resemblance to a coin in shape. The name of the subgenus indicates the same. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 120. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1743. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 125. C. llhist. PI. 151. Am. nummularia Lamark. Bull. t. 56. Batt. t. 0.2.. A. 224. A. esculentus Wulf. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) and more broad, ochraceous-clay, often becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, orbicular, obtiise, smooth, even, or when old slightly striate; flesh tough, white, savoury. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, or filiform and wholly equal, obsoletely fistulose.^ tough, tejise and straight, even, smooth, slightly shining, clay-yellow, with a long, perpendicular, commonly smooth, tail-like root. Gills adnexed, even decurrent with a very thin small tooth, then separating, very broad, almost obovate, lax, somewhat distant, whitish, sometimes clay-colour. Gregarious but never caespitose. The tube of the stem is very narrow. The gills are not so pure white as in A. tenacellus. Although it seems to be well distinguished from A. tenacellus in its life-history as well as in its colour, individual specimens occur which can often be determined only with difficulty, and many, which appear at first sight to admit of no doubt, have been ascertained, on digging up the root, to belong to A. tenacellus var. stolonifer. In pastures and grassy places near plantations. Common. April-May. no AGARICUS. Collybia. Edible, bat rather bitter in flavour. In Austria, where it seems to be plenti- ful, it is sold under the name of Nagelschwamme, nail-mushroom. Name — escidenUis, esculent. Wulf. i?i Jacq. Coll. ii. t. 14. f. 4. Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 121. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 158. Illust. PL 152. 6'. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 126. Tratt. Essb. Schw. t. F. Lenz. f. 18, A. per- pendicularis Bull. t. ^•21. f. 2, A. clavus Brig. Neap. t. $. f. 4. Vaill. t. 11. f. 16-18. 225. A. tenacellus Pers. — Pileus about 12 mm. {yi in.) broad, fuscous then becoiniiig pale, livid, very rarely white, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, orbicular, somewhat umbojiate, even, smooth; flesh white, not hygrophanous. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, but here and there lengthened to 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.), scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, obsoletely Jistulose (tube very narrow), wholly equal, tense and stfaight, but pliable, even, smooth, becoming tawny, naked and white at the apex, with 2l fibrillose tail-like root at the base. Gills e)nargi?iato-adnexed, broad, ve?it?'icose, hence they appear lax, somewhat distant, distinct, quaternate, snow- white. Odour none ; taste not unpleasant. Solitary though sometimes in troops ; very tough. In pine woods, among leaves or cones. Common. Autumn- Spring. Easily distinguished by the broad, emarginato-2L(3inexGd gills. Spores 3x6 mk. W.G.S.; 6-8x4 r"k. B. Name — diminutive, te?iax, tough. Toughish. Pers. Syn. p. 387. Ic. pict. t. i.f. 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 165. Hym. Eur. p. 121. Berk. Out. p. 118. C. Hbk. n. 157. Illust. PI. 152. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 127. A. griseus Schcsff. t. 236 (small.) * A. stolonifer J ungh. — Pileus fuscous becoming pale, slightly fleshy, rather plane, obtuse (somewhat depressed), smooth, margin slightly striate. Stem fistulose, equal, smooth, becojning ftiscous, with a creepi?tg, somewhat stolo7iiferous (sparingly fibrillose) root. Gills ro7mded-adnexed, ventricose, somewhat distant, whitish. Very singular in the creeping root (a prolongation of the stem continuous with it, not mycelium), which in neighbouring species is perpendicular ; other- wise so near to A. tenacellus and A. esculentus that it seems to unite these. In pine woods, among leaves. Frequent. Autumn-Spring. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8x3-4 mk. K. Name — stolo, a sucker ; fero, to bear. Stolon-bearing. From the root. y?^«^ Li7in. 1830, /. 396. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 121. Monogr. i. p. 165. B. 6^ Br. n. 1744. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. vol. vi. p. 214. C. Illust. PI. 152. B. A. tenacellus var. Fr. in Fl. Dan. t. 2021./". 2. ** Gills ?2arrow, crowded. 226. A. acervatus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 \v\.)hro2id,yiesh- LEUCOSPORI. Ill coloitr -whtn moist, whitish wheti dry, slightly fleshy, convex then Coiiybia. flattened, obtuse or at length gibbous ; margin at first involute, at length flattened and slightly striate. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, reinarkably fistiilose, rigid-fragile, slightly attenuated upwards, rarely compressed, very s^mooth with exception of the base, even, rufous, sometimes brown ; tube of the stem internally smooth. Gills at first adnexed, soon free, very crowded, linear, narrow, plane, flesh-colour then whitish. CcBspitoso-fascictilate ; stems crowded, very numerous, united and white- tomentose at the base. Nearest to A. co?iJiuens in affinity, but a wholly dis- tinguished species. At first sight like Maras7nins erythi'opus, but the stem is wholly smooth. In woods, among fir. Frequent. Autumn. Resembling A. dryophilns. In the British plant the inner walls of the fistu- lose stem are strigose. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 6x3 mk. K. ; 4-6 x 2-4 mk. B. Name — acervus, a heap. From the habit of growth. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 160. Hym. Eur. p. 122. Ico7i. t. 64. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 119. C. Hbk. n. 152. Illust. PL 267. S. My col. Scot. n. 128. 227. A. dryophilus Bull. — Pileus bay-brown-rufous, &c., be- C077iing pale, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo- plane, outiise, co7mno7ily depressed i7i the ce7itre, even, smooth ; margin at first inflexed then flattened ; flesh thin, white. Stem cartilaginous, re77iarkably fistulose, thin, even, smooth, somewhat rooting, commonly beco77iing yellow or rnfesce7it. Gills so77iewhat free, with a small decurrent tooth, but appearing adnexed when the pileus is depressed, crowded, 7tarrow, distinct, plane, white or becoming pale. The above description contains the points in which very different forms agree. Pileus bay-rufous, becoming yellow, clay-colour ; in drier pine woods in the beginning of summer there is a common form with the pileus and gills white and stem yellow. The gills vary sulphur-yellow, sometimes (in a diseased state) tan-cinnamon. Solitary or laxly gregarious, inodorous. There are numerous monstrous forms which are very deceiving (compare Fl. Dan. t. •zoig. f. I, 2). A. stem elongated, flexuous, decumbent, inflated at the base; pileus broader, lobed ; gills white. B. fmiicularis, larger, caespitose, the lax and decumbent stem equal and villous at the base, gills sulphur-yellow. These forms, analogous with A. repens Bull., occur on heaps of leaves. C. countless specimens growing together in a large cluster; stems thick, inflated, irregularly shaped, silicate, brown, the mycelium collecting the soil in the form of a ball ; pilei very irregularly shaped, full of angles, undulated, blackish then bay- iDrown. In gardens. In woods, among leaves, &c. Common. Spring-Autumn. Pileus commonly 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (J< in.) thick. Badham refers to a case in which illness was caused by eating it. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — fipi5s, oak ; <|)iAo?, loving. Bull. t. 434. Fr. Monogr. p. 162. Hym. Eur. p. 122. Berk. Out. p. 119. C. Hbk. n. 155. niust. PI. 204. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 129. Sow. t. 127. Hussey i. /. 39. Badh. i. /. 8./. 2, ii. /. 7./. ^.—Schcrff. t. 45. 112 AGARICUS. Collybia. 228. A. aquosus Bull. — Pileus watery, ochraceous or brick- colour then whitish, slightly fleshy, rather plane, obtuse, smooth, hygrophanous, viargi?i striate. Stem fistulose naked, rufous-tawny, fibrillose at the base. Gills 7-oiinded-f7'ee, crowded, narrow, tense and straight, white or pallid. Among moss. Coed Coch, &c. Autumn. In ' Monographia ' the plant is described as A. aquosus Fr. and the plant of Bulliard is referred to as a trivial form, holding a doubtful place between it and A. dryophibis. This view is followed in ' Icones,' but has not been con- firmed in ' Hym Eur.' The difference is scarcely appreciable, the stem being described as stuffed, while in Bulliard's plant it is fistulose. Spores 5-6x3-4 mk. B. Name — aq7ia, water. From its watery nature. Bull. t. 12. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. t'2'2. Monogr. \. p. 163. Icon. t. 66. f. 2. B. b' Br. n. 1340. C. Illust. PL 234. 229. A. extuberans Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, rufous- fuscous, bay -brown, occasionally becoming pale, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, orbicu- lar, and at length depressed round the prominent umbo, even, smooth, slightly viscid when moist; flesh white. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) long, 3 mm. (i^ lin.) thick, tough, fistulose, equal, tense and straight, smooth, even, shining, of the same colour as the pileus or paler, rooted at the base. Gills somewhat free, reach- ing the stem with a small tooth, crowded, narrow, plane, white. The pileus is larger and solitary when growing on the ground, smaller when csespitose and growing on trunks. Appearing in spring and again in autumn. It is intermediate between A. dryophilus and A. ienacellus, clearly distinct from the former in the stem being tense a?id straight and rooted, and in the pileus being umbotiate, and from the latter in the gills being crowded and nar- row. The umbo is rarely so prominent as in the figure of Battarra. On the ground and trunks. Foxley. Sept. Name — extuberans, swelling. From the swollen umbo. Fr. Motiogr. \. p. 164. Hyfn. Eur. p. 123. Ico?i. t. 6j.f. i. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 74. Bulla extuberans 5^/^. t. 2,^./. i. 230. A. exsculptus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, tawny-brown ?zot becouiiiig pale, slightly fleshy, tough, convexo- expanded, truly umbilicate^ uncha7igeable, smooth. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) Xoxvg, fistulose, thin, incurved, smooth, bright S7il- phur-yellow. Gills somewhat free (decurrent with a small tooth), arcuate, linear, very crowded, bright sulphur-yellow. Gregarious. Allied to the protean A. dryophilus, but separated from it on account of its being wholly more arid and tough, and on account of the bright sulphur-yellow of the whole plant with exception of the pileus which is darker. On old stumps and in fir woods. Uncommon. June-Oct. LEUCOSPORI. 113 Gills transversely striate. B. &• Br. tiaxne—exsculptiis, hollowed out. Collybia. From its being umbilicate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 164. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Icon. t. 66. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 119. B. 6^ Br. n. 1109. C. Hbk. n. 156. Illust. PL 268. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 130. 231. A. macilentus Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark yellow, slightly fleshy, convex then becoming plane, obtuse, orbicular, even, smooth, absolutely dry ; flesh thin, yellow. Stem 4 cent. (iX ii^O lorig"* scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, obso- letely fistulose, tough, c3xX\\a.gmons, Jiliforni-equal, not tense and straight but here and there fiexuoiis, naked, smooth, bright light- yellow, slightly rooted at the base. Gills separating-free, very crowded, narrow, linear, very unequal, of a beautiful //^r^jj/^//(97£/. Its colour is so entirely that oi A. cerinus that it may be easily confounded with very small forms of that species. A. cerinus differs, however, in the stem being stuffed, wholly fibrous, not cartilaginous, and externally fibrilloso-striate, in the pileus being at length depressed, dingy yellow, in the white fiesh, and ■in the gills being broader and in very small forms adnate. In pine wood. Corstorphine, &c. Spores ovoid-pruniform, 5-6 mk. Q. Name — macies, leanness. From the thin flesh. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 166. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Icon. t. 66. f. i. B. df Br. n. 1848. C. Illust. PI. 268. 232. A. clavus Linn. — Pileus 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, orange- scarlet, disc often darker, slightly fleshy, very thin, conico-convex then plane, somewhat papillate, smooth, shi?iing, margin slightly striate. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, obsoletely fistidose, or only marked with a paler line, very thin, filiform, naked, smooth, whitish, somewhat strigose at the base. Gills adnexed, ventricose, rather broad, sojnewhat crowded, but not numerous, white, rarely becoming yellow. The smallest and among the rarest species in the group, but long celebrated on account of its splendid colours (like those of A. acicula, with which it must not be confounded). On twigs, leaves, &c. Rare. Differing from A. acicula in its white stem and gills. M. y. B. Name — clavjis, a nail. From its nail-like shape. Lin^i. Fl. Suec. ?i. 1212. — Bull. t. 148. A — C 569. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 167. Hym. Eur. p. 123. Berk. Out. p. 119. C. Hbk. n. 159. Illust. PI. 147. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 131. Paul. t. gj.f. 3. Vaill. Par. t. ii.f. 19-20. 233. A. ocellatus Fr. — Pileus scarcely reaching 12 mm. (X in-) broad, often less, whitish, slightly fleshy, conico-convex then plane, marked with small eye-like spots at the depressed, darker (fuscous, rufous, light yellowish), timbojiate disc, even, margin here and there crenulate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, delicately fistulose, Q.(\x!id\, filiform, tough, smooth, naked (in H 114 AGARICUS. Collybia no wise pulverulent), becoming whitish-ficscous or becoming yel- low, somewhat rooted and fibrillose at the base. Gills adnata, at length separating, crowded, the alternate ones shorter, white. Arid, moderately persistent. Not to be confounded with A. cirrhatus, to which it is hl^^e, but not allied. Among leaves and in grassy places. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — ocellus, a. little eye. From the eye-like spots. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 167. Hym. Eur. -p. 123. Berk. Out. p. 120. C. Hbk. ?i. 160. Illusi. PI. 147. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 132. Bull. t. 569. yC i. H—P. 234. A. muscigenus Schum. Wholly shining white. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, soiJiewhat menibi'anaceous, pellucid, globoso - hemispherical then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth, withering up, the margin entire and persistent, not revolute. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, stuffed {oxv account of its thinness), capillary, flexuoiis, flaccid, smooth and naked, somewhat rooting at the base. Gills adiiate, somewhat crowded, linear, the alter- nate ones shorter, edge quite entire. Very thin. A. capillaris is easily distinguished by its broader distant gills. Among moss and grass. Coed Coch, 1873, ^^' Aug. Name — muscus, moss; gigiio, to bear. Growing on moss. Schum. p. 307. Fr. Monogr. i. p. t68. Hym. Eur. p. 124. B. &= Br. 11. 1408. Fl. Dau . t. 2.022- f. I. Mich. t. 73./. 4. C. Illust. PI. 147. SERIES B. IV. — Tephrophan^. * Gills crowded, somewhat na?'row. 235. A. rancidus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more broad, not hygrophanous, lead-colour-black, fuliginous, becoming pale, at first veiled with a W'hitish, adpressed, silky-pr7iijiose dew, slightly fleshy-cartilaginous, tough, convex then plane, broadly and obtusely nmbonate, even, smooth, viscid when long wetted. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 \\xv^\\\\Q\i, flstulose, rigid, tense and straight, equal, smootli, even, livid, with a long, fusi- form, villous root. QiHW.^ free, crowded, 7iarrow, hut ventricose, dar^ cinereo7ts, somewhat pruinose. »S'/rc';zo- odour of new meal, somewhat rancid. Var. Pileus 6 cent. (2^ in.) broad, shining, almost black, buUate, repand, depressed round the umbo, and outside this depression encircled with an elevated ridge. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, root short. Gills linear, veined and connected by veins, fuliginous, white pruinose. LEUCOSPORI. 115 In woods about trunks. Burnham Beeches, 1875, &c. Nov. Coilybia. The smell is very peculiar ; the gills very dark, so as to be easily mistaken for those of a Hebelojna. B. of Br. Spores 7-10x3-4 mk. B. Name — 7-an- cidus, rancid. From the smell. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 170. Hym. Eur. p. 125. Icon. t. 69./". I. B. &= Br. n. 1513. Kalchbr. t. 6./. 4. Hoffm. Ic. t. 12. f. 2. C. Illust. PL 153. 236. A. coracinus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent, {lyi in.) and more broad, hygr'ophanous, fuscous and shining when in vigour, grey and opaque when old, somewhat fleshy-cartilaginous, convexo- expanded, sometimes umbonate, sometimes depressed, often irregularly formed and undulated, even or wrinkled round the margin, smooth ; flesh white, scissile. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.), but in becoming flattened, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, hollow, re?narkably cartilaginous, tough and rigid when young, at length fragile, for the most part compressed, irregularly formed (occurring also lacunose), somewhat attenuated down- wards and not rooted, becoming fuscous, mealy with white squamules at the apex. Gills obtusely aduate, separating, so that they often appear free, broad (chiefly behind), scarcely crowded, at first distinct, then connected by veins, whitish-grey. The gills are connected by veins chiefly in irregularly formed specimens. Strong odour of new meal. In grassy places, fir plantations. Batheaston, 1865. Nov. Name — Kopa|, a raven. Raven-black. The plant is not so dark in colour as the name would indicate. Spores ovoid-spherical, dotted, 6-7 mk. Q. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 170. Hyni. Eur. p. 125. Ico?i. t. 69. f. 2. B. ^ Br. n, 1207. C. Illust. PL 153. 237. A. ozes Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, hygrophajious., grey-fuscous when moist, becoming clay-fuscous, pallid when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, umbouate, smooth, striate at the very margin when moist, even throughout when dry. Stem 6-10 cent. (2^-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, containi7ig a pith then hollow, equal or scarcely sensibly attenu- ated from the base, lax, flextcoiis, fragile, slightly striate, fulig- inous-grey, white-mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, somewhat ventricose, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, quite entire, fu ligi?io US-olivaceous. Odour strong of new meal. On the ground. Hothorpe, Norths., 1882. Feb. Gills cinereous, veined. B. b= Br. Name— 6^to, to have a smell, either sweet or stinking. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 171. Hy?n. Eur. p. 125. B. 6^ Br. n. 1996. ri6 AGARICUS. Coiiybia. 238. A. inolens Fn— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, hygro- phanous, livid when moist, becoming pale-tan and slightly silky when dry, but opaque, sliglitly fleshy, campanulato-convex then plane, for the most part obtusely and broadly umbojiate, very smooth, margin at first inflexed, then expanded, striate, here and there undulated. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 2-3 mm. (i-i/^ lin.) thick and broader in becoming compressed, rigid, delicately fistulose, at length softer and holloiu^ equal, inidulated on the surface, livid, becoming pale when dry, white strigose at the base aiid white sqiiaimilose at the apex. Gills adfixed, separat- ing, somewhat free, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, linear or a little ventricose, somewhat imbricated, whitish-grey. The pileus is not so cartilaginous as in A. rancidus and A. coracinus. Manifestly related to these, but the odoia- is weak, and often obsolete. In woods, chiefly pine. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 7-8x3-4 mk. K. Name — inolens, scentless. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 171. Hym. Eur. p. 126. Icon. t. 69. f. 3, 4. B. b' Br. n. 1208. C. Hbk. n. 161. Illust. PI. 154. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 133. 239. A. plexipes Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, at first blackish, whitish at the margin, then fuliginous- livid, fleshy- membranaceous, ctnnpa7nilate (not flattened), umbo7iate, soniewJiat iuri7ikled, slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, wholly cartilaginous, but the surface binder a lens is silky fibrous with the closely ad- pressed entwined fibrils, and slightly striate, livid, shortly a?td bliaitly rooted at the base and not strigose. Gills very much attenuated behind, y>'< in.) broad, fulig- inous, at length becoming pale, fleshy-membranaceous, campanu- late, somewhat blunt, moist, streaked zuith fiscous lines., cracked, slightly shining. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, stuffed then hollow, firm, twisted, fibroso-striate, floccoso-pruinose at the apex, at length compressed, slightly shining. Gills adnexed, distant, broad, thick, white-grey. Somewhat caespitose. Occupying an irregular place among Collybics, but allied to A. platyphyllus. In pine woods. Rare. Autumn. Spores ovoid-spherical, 6-7 mk. ^. Name — lacero,\.o\.Qva. Torn. Lasch. — Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 127. Berk. Out. p. 120. C. Hbk. n. 163. 243. A. murinus Batscli.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fuscous-brown, becoming pale when old, slightly fleshy. Il8 AGARICUS. Collybia. slightly tough, companulato-convex then expanded, obtuse or um- bilicate, without strise, slightly ivriiikled or very thi?ily sqiiaimL- lose, the margin, which is at first involute, always even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, te^ise a7id straight, not rooted and pubescent only at the base, at first sight smooth, but so7ne'what Jibrillose when exami7ied tmder a lefts, beco7)ii?ig ci7iereotis, white and when young as if flocculose at the apex. Gills atte}iuato-ad7iexed, very broad, almost obovate, rather thick, dista7it, distinct, w'hite at length becoming cinereous. Inodorous. Its affinity is perhaps nearest to A. atratus. In wood. Marlborough Forest, 1863. Oct. Name — nius, a mouse. Mouse-coloured. Batsch f. 19 (if white-spored). Fr. Monogr. i. /. 172. Hynn. Eur. p. 128. B. 5f Br. n. 1210. 244. A. protractus Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, grey-fuscous, shining, somewhat membranaceous, convexo-plane, the slightly Jleshy depressed disc often with the rudiment of a central umbo, the paler margin manifestly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long above ground, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, delicately Jistidose, remarkably cartilaginous, but at length soft, tense a7id st7'aight, even, wholly smooth, livid-grey, under ground exte7ided in the for7Ji of a root which is atte7iiiated dow7iwards a7id fibroso-strigose. Gills adfixed, but very ventricose, as if truncate behind, very broad (6 mm., 3 lin., and more), so77iewhat dista7it, grey, delicately white- prui7iose. Scarcely strong-smelling ; very different from yi. inolens. On mossy ground beside stumps, &c. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Name — pfotraho, to draw out. From the prolongation of the stem in a root-like form. Fr. Moriogr. i. f. 173. Hynii. Eur. p. 128. Icon. t. 67. f. 2. B. b' Br. n. 11 10. C. Hbk. n. 164. Illust. PI. 270. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 136. 245. A. tesquorum Fr.— Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, fuscous-black, becoming pale, fleshy- membranaceous, slightly firm, convex, very obtuse, even, smooth ; flesh of the same colour. Stem 4 cent. (iX iri-) lo^g"' ^^ot reaching 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, fistulose, somewhat filiform, equal, flexuous, smooth, fuscous, mealy at the apex. Gills free, very ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, somewhat distant, cinereous-fuscous. Scattered. Odour none. Formerly overlooked on account of its very small stature and dirty colours, but very distinct. Easily distinguished from species nearest to it by its free broad gills. In waste ground and open pastures. Ascot. LEUCOSPORI. 119 Name — tesgua, waste places. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 290. Icon. t. 70. /. 3. CoUybia. B. b= Br. 71. 1745. C. Illust. PL 270. 246. A. clusilis Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (>^-i in.) broad, livid when moist, becoming pale, grey-clay-colour when dry, somewhat membranaceous, rather plane, broadly depj'essed in the centre, very much sloped downwards towards the margi?!, which is at first incurved, even, smooth, soft-fragile, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even throughout when dry. Stem 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, wholly cartilaginous, soft^ how- ever, and flexile, stuffed with a white Jloccose pith, equal, even, smooth, polished, livid. Gills adnate, plane, with a decurrent tooth, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, not ventricose, but in the form of a segmc7it, on account of their breadth appearing somewhat crowded, white, becoming pale. B. Pileus 12 mm. (3^ in.) broad, livid when moist, becoming pale when dry, somewhat membranaceous, at first kfis-shaped-globose, then hemispherical, innbilicate, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, flocculoso-stuffed, then hollow, white villous at the base. Gills very broad, setnicircular, plane with a straight edge, crowded, tliin, white. It is scarcely possible to separate the two forms. Approaching Omphalice. Among moss. Coed Coch, 1869, &c. Autumn. Name — clusilis, easily closing. F?: Monogr. i. p. 174. Hym. Eur. p. 129. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1211. b. minor. C. Illust. PI. 247. A. umbilicatus Bull. t. 411. /. 2. 247. A. tylicolor Fr. — Pileus only 12 mm. {}i in.) broad, grey- cinereo?is, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat umbon- ate, even, u7ipolished and opaque. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat fragile, not rooted, equal, even, grey, everywhere whitish-pulveruletit. Gills free, distant, broad, plane, rather thick, bi-quaternate, paler than the pileus, grey. Inodorous, very undistinguished in its habit, but its afifinity is not apparent. In shady woods among grass. Coed Coch. Autumn. Name— of the colour of tylos, a small worm, Vcrjuis 7nultipes. The name is used by Pliny, and has been identified by some with oniscus, the wood-louse. P>om the cinereous colour. The synonym of Persoon, spodochrous (o-ttoSos, ashes ; xp<^?j colour) signifies ash-coloured. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 176. Hy7n. Eur. p. 129. /). cr Br. n. 1341. C. Illust. PL 247, I20 AGARICUS. VIII. Agaricus i^Mycena) poly- gram7iuis. One-fourth natural size. Mycena. Subge7ius VII. MYCENA {ixvkt]s, a fungus). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 140. Stem fistulose, cartilaghwtis. Pileus somewhat mem- branaceous, more or less striate, at the first conico- or parabolico-cylindrical by reaso7i of the margin being at the fi?'st straight, and either clasping the stem which is attenuated upwards, or pressed close a?id parallel to it. Gills not decurrent (or only uncinate by a small tooth). Epiphytal or rooted, slender, somewhat campanulate^ scarce- ly umbilicate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 129. Distinguished from the minute Col- lybias by the margin of the pileus never being involute, but straight and pressed parallel to the stem, and from the Mycenarian Omphaliae by the pile- us being commonly umbonate. Some last far into autumn or winter; others are very fugacious. Most of them are inodorous, but some have an alkaline smell or an odour of radish. None of them are edible. I. Calodontes {k.oX6<;, beautiful; 65ovs, a tooth). Stem juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Edge of gills da7-ker, denticiilate (more or less, Monogr.), a mark by which they are distinguished from all others, except A. sanguin- olentus, which has a milky stem. By far the most distmguished species. II. Adonideas (from Adonis, denoting beauty). Stem juiceless, base not dilated into a disc. Gills of one colour, and not of a different colour at the edge, nor changing colour. Colour pure, bright, not beco7?ii?ig fuscous or cin- ereous. Growing singly on the ground (except A. Iris) and requiring to be carefully distinguished from white and coloured varieties of Rigipedes, the gills of which turn pale from white. III. Rigipedes (rigid-stemmed). Stem firm, rigid, somewhat tough, juice- less, somewhat strigose and rooted at the base. Gills changing colour, white then grey or reddish, commonly at length connected by veins. Pileus not hygrophanous. Tough, persistcftt, i?2odo?'ous, noi'vially growing on -wood and very ccespitose, but individt(als occzir growing singly afid o?i the ground. IV. Fragilipedes (fragile-stemmed). Stem fragile, dry, juiceless, fibrillose at the base, scarcely rooting, but not dilated or inserted. Pileus hygrophan- ous. QiW\% changing colour, at length somewhat connected by veins. Thin- ner, fragile, often soft, commonly synelling, 7wrmally growing singly a7id on the grou7id, a few (strong-smelling ones) g7-07uing on wood a7id ccespitose. V. Filipedes (thread-stemmed). Stem filiform, scarcely a line thick (and not more), flaccid, somewhat tough, rooting, dry, juiceless, commonly very long in proportion to the pileus. Gills changi7ig colour, somewhat lighter- coloured at the edge, disti7ict. Very slender, tense a7id st7-aight, g7-owing o/i the LEUCOSPORI. 12 1 ground, and among moss, inodorous, single (not c^spitose), pileus fuscous Mj-cena. becoming somewhat pale, not hygrophanous , in the last species orange. These differ from their nearest allies the Rigipedes by their mode of growth, their stature, their flaccid stem, with its very narrow tube, and their gills which are scarcely connected by veins. But species with a filiform stem also occur in the remaining sections, and therefore the other marks must be at- tended to ; there are also slender forms among the Fragilipedes. VI. Lactipedes (milky-stemmed). Gills milky when broken as well as the rooted, dry stem. VII. Glutinipedes (glutinous-stemmed). Stem juiceless, but viscous with gluten. Gills at length decurrent with a tooth. Some of the species in the foregoing sections, which are only slippery to the touch when moist, must be duly separated from this group. VIII. Basipedes (stem furnished with a base). Stem dry, rootless, the base naked and dilated into a disc, or strigose and swollen into a little bulb. Ten- der, growing singly, becoming fiaccid. IX. Insititias {insero, to insert or graft). Stem very thin, ijtserfed {i.e. growing on other plants without a root or tubercle or flocci at the base), dry. Gills adnate, uncinate with a small decurrent tooth (and not as in the Om- phal i an Integ}'elli ivMly decwrrexxi). Very tender, becoming JIaccid as soofi as the sun touches them. [A. roridus Fr. is the only species in the foregoing sec- tions which is inserted, but it is very glutinous.) I. — Calodontes. Edge of gills darker , deniiadate, &^c. 248. A. pelianthinus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent. (i>2 in.) broad, pale purple livid, becoming pale and rather whitish when dry, diaphan- ous, convex, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, fleshy and even at the disc, membranaceous and striate at the margin ; flesh of the disc moderately thick, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, sometimes incurved at the base, round, slightly firm, of the same colour as the pileus but ])aler, even, smooth or Jibrillose upwards, naked. Gills truncato- adnexed, remarkably sinuate, distant, very elegantly cojmected by a network of veins, quaternate, more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, dark violaceous, edge remarkably black-toothed. Departing from the rest especially in its unusual colour ; from its more fleshy, convex (not campanulate) pileus it holds a doubtful place between Collybice and Mycence. The spores are wholly white, though the colour of the gills is that of Pratellce. Among dead leaves in woods. Uncommon. Sept. The edge of the gills at once distinguishes it from A. pur us. M.J.B. Spores 5-6x3-7mk. B. Name— TreAtat I'm, to make livid. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 196. Hy7n. Eur. p. 130. Berk. Out. p. 121. /. 6.f. i, C. Hbk. n. 166. Illust. PL 156. S. M'ycol. Scot. n. 137. Quel. t. 4./. 6, Batt. t. 19./. i. A. denticulatus Bolt. i. 4./. i. B. more slender/^/. Dan. t. 1911./. i, 249. A. balaninus Berk,— Pileus 4 cent, (i >< in.) broad, och- raceous with a slight tinge of umber, fleshy-membranaceous, con- 122 AGARICUS. Mycena. vex, somewhat campanulate, obtusely umbonate, at length more or less expanded, minutely pulverulent, slightly rugulose, striate when moist. Stem 6 cent. {2% in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated downwards, flexuous, rigid, white and pruin- ose above, deep sienna-brown below, dark brown and villous at the base, shining, quite smooth. Gills rounded, quite free, with exception of a connecting tooth, broad, rather distant, pale, sprinkled and fringed with dull purple spiculse, interstices veiny. The base of the stem is embedded more or less in a spongy mass by which it adheres to the mast. Among beech-mast, oak-leaves, &c. Rare. AUied to A. pelianthinus but remarkably distinct. Fr. Spores elliptic. Name — pdkavo?, acorn, beech-mast, &c. Berk. Mag. Zool. Bot. i. t. 15./". 2. Out. p. 121. F)-. MoTiogr. i. p. 196. Hyjn. Eur. p. 130. C. Hbk. 71. 167. Illust. PI. 156. 250. A. Iris Berk. — Pileus }i-Y% in. broad, membranaceous, hemispherical, obtuse, striate, umber, clothed with blue fibrillce which are ghied dou.'?i to the epider?nis, scattered in the centre, thicker and more free on the margin which is slightly denticulate. Stem 4-9 cent, {lyi-y/z in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, not rooting, blue below, subrufescent above, the down below de- pressed and blue, above nearly white, minutely but distinctly fas- ciculato-pilose. Gills free or slightly adnexed, linear, pale cin- ereous, the margin sometimes denticulate. Fasciculate or scattered, brittle ; when young the pileus and stem bright sky-blue and beautifully tomentose. The little fibrils glued down to the cuti- cle are very characteristic. When the stem is extremely elongated it is some- times nearly smooth. On fir stumps and sticks. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. It seems so much allied to A. margineilus that the figures of A. Iris Berk. Out. and of A. multiplex by Gonfi. 6^ Rab. t. j. f. 4 can scarcely be distinguished. Fr. The denticulate gills place it in this section. Spores 7x4 mk. W.P. Name — -'Ipi?, the rainbow. From its varied tints. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 56. Out. p. 123. t. 6. f. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 131. C. Hbk. ?i. 174. Illust. PL 161, S. Alycol. Scot. 71. 138. 251. A. margineilus Pers. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, somewhat fuscous when young, then changeable in colour, slight- ly fleshy, campanulate, not viscid, w^th exception of the very smooth darker umbo slightly striate and somewhat azure-blue- fioccose. Stem somewhat tomentose - rooted, with the same flocci as the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed, distant, white or cinereous, fringed at the edge with dark jloccules (commonly azure-blue or red). LEUCOSPORI. 123 On fir-trunks among the Hypiiiim cupressifonne . Aboyne, &c. Mycena. Aug.-Sept. Under a high magnifying power the pileus (especially the edge) and stem appear clothed with minute glandular particles similar to those which colour the edge of the gills. B. cf Br. Name margo, margin. Diminutive. From the edge of the gills. Pers. Syn. p. 309. ? Fr. Hytn. Eur. p. 131. B. 5f Br. n. 988. C. Hbk. n. 168. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 139. Gonu. of Rab. t. j.f. 4. A. mirabilis Cke. df Quel. 252. A. aurantio-marginatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in) or a little more broad, olivaceous-fuscous, becoming pale when older, fleshy at the disc, campanulate then convex, obtuse or obsoletely umbonate, eveii, smooth, margin straight, slightly striate only at the margin when moist and unfolded. Stem 2.5-4 cent. {i-i/4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick at the base, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) at the apex, firm, fistulose, mjla^ed venincose and zoned with yellow strigose villous down at the base (but scarcely rooted), even, smooth, livid-pale. Gills very ventricose, hence very atteiiiiato- ad7uxed, at first sight appearing free, crowded, connected by veins, becoming green-livid, the orange edge toothed or r2i\htr Jlocculoso- pencilled. In its slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex pileus, like A. pelianthitius, it inclines towards the Colly b ics ; otherwise very much allied to A. elegans, perhaps a variety but larger and more fleshy. In silver-fir wood. Perth, 1875. Nov. Stem very brittle. Smell strong. It is admirably figured in the ' Flora Danica,' and has a peculiar aspect which separates it from other species, look- ing more like a Marasmius than a Mycena. B. of Br. Name — atirantius, orange ; niargo, margin. From the edge of the gills. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 197. . Hym. Eur, p. 131. B. of Br. n. 1516. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 140. Fl. Dan. t. 1.2^2.. f. 2. 253. A. elegans Pers. — 12 mm. {% in.) and more broad, be- coming light yellow-fuscous or light yellow-livid, opaque not hygrophanous, membraitaceoiis, canipa7iulate, more or less um- bonate, striate^ smooth. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid-tense and straight, equal, livid, floccoso-fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, linear, slightly distant, distinct, commonly livid, bluish- grey at the sides, the edge always darker, saffro7i-yello'Wt e7itire not manifestly toothed. The gills are changeable in colour, varying whitish, becoming yellow, &c., always, however, with the darker edge. Odour weak, of fennel, or even obsolete. Kalchbrenner gathered a singular variety called hypcrborca (Enum. ii. n. 1039), with smoky or black gills, somewhat cinnabar at the edge. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. 124 AGARICUS. Mycena. Spores 8-IO X 4-5 mk, B. Name — elegans, neat. Pe7-s. -5y«./. 391. Fr. JMonogr. i. p. 198. Hym. Eur. p. 131. Berk. Out. p. 121. C. Hbk. n. 169. Illust. PL 284. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 141. Fl. Dati. t. 2024. 254. A. rubro-marginatus Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, hygrophanoiis, becojiimg red-livid or purple-fuscous, beco?n- ing pale {y2cc\2i0\€), memdra/taceotts, ca.mpa.nu\a.te, obtuse, striate, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cenl. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid-fragile, equal, often curved- ascending, even, smooth, pallid-livid. Gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, distaiit, distinct, not ventricose, whitish then grey, edge fuscous-purple, not manifestly toothed. It approaches Galericulati in its colours, but is smaller, not casspitose, somewhat fragile, inodorous, juiceless. It has much in common with A. san- guinolentus, from which it differs in its stature an4 juiceless stem. In woods, chiefly pine, on branches, &c. Frequent. July-Nov. Name — ruber, red ; margo, margin. From the red edge of gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 199. Hyin. Eur. p. 132. Ico77. t. 7^. f. 4. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 170. Illust. PI. 2S4. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 142. Var. fusco- purpureus Lasch n. 544. Among dead leaves. Very distinct from the usual form, having much the appearance of an exotic Marasjnius. B. 6^ Br. n. 1639. 255. A. strobilinus Fr. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, scarlet, conical then campanulate, membranaceous, the slightly fleshy even uvibo acute, slightly striate and most frequently paler at the circumference, smooth, dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly rigid., equal, juiceless, even, smooth, white-strigose at the base. Gills adiiate, decurrent with a thin tooth, distant, distinct, alternate, a little paler than the pileus, but the edge is darker, black-blood colour. Somewhat fasciculate. The whole plant is shining, persistently scarlet, not changing colour or becoming pale. On dead leaves, twigs, and cones of Scotch fir. Rare. Autumn. Fries has gathered it in beech woods. Name — strobilus, a pine-cone. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 200 (A. coccinellus). Hym. Eur. p 132. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. 71. 171. Illust. PI. 131. A. S. Mycol. Scot. 77. 143. Fl. Dan. t. 2.02~). /. I. A. coccineus 6'c'w. /. 197. C. Illust. PI. 131. B. 256. A. rosellus Fr. — Pileus rose-colour, at length becoming pale, wholly membranaceous and striate and without a projnifient acute and even lunbo, campanulate then hemispherical, obtusely umbonate, slightly hygrophanous. Stem thin, soft, white-tomen- tose not strigose at the base, juiceless. Gills scarcely decurrent with a tooth, somewhat distant, rose-colour, edge black-purple. LEUCOSPORI. 125 It has many features in common with A. strobilinus. It is smaller, thinner, Mycena. softer, and paler. Both species preserve their habit, stature, and colours always unchanged, A. rosellus becoming pale only when old. Laxly gregarious. In woods, among" fir-leaves. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores subellipsoid, 6-8x4 rnk. K.; 8-10x4 mk. B. Name — diminutive, roseus, rose-coloured. Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 200. Hyvi. Eur. p. 132. De?-k. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 172. Illust. PI. 131. C. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 144. Fl. Dan. t. 2025./. 2. Go7in. b' Rab. t. y.f. n. A. roseus Pers. Syn. t. $. f. 3. II. — Adonide^e. Colour pure, bright, &^c. 257. A. purus Pers. — Pileus 1-7.5 cent. (X-3 in.) broad, rose- colour, &c., slightly fleshy at the disc, campanulate then ex- panded, at length rather plane, breast-shaped with an obtuse even umbo, smooth, slightly striate at the margin. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) and more thick, fistulose, rigid, somewhat tough, equal or attenuated upwards when larger, even, smooth, villoso-fibrillose at the base, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills adnate, but very broad, hence they appear broadly einargi7iate or sinuate, ventricose, elegantly co?iitected by a network of vei7is, pallid or whitish, the edge, which is of the same colour, quite entire. The colour of the pileus (which often becomes pale) and stem varies, rose, purple, lilac, bluish-grey, white. The pileus varies membranaceous, for the most part striate. The margin is straight when young, so that it is certainly a species oi Mycena. Odour weak of radish. One remarkable form is wholly milk-white, with the pileus often yellowish ; another is quite snow-white, with ventricose stem. At first sight it is difficult to detect the affinity of these with the common rose-coloured or violet form. In woods, meadows, &c. Very common. July-Nov. The taste as well as the smell is that of radish. There are occasionally con- centric grooves on the pileus. Spores 6-10x4 mk. B.; 5x3 mk. W.G.S. Name— purus, pure. Pe?'s. Syn. p. 339. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 201. Hym. Eur. p. 133. Berk. Out. p. 122. C. Hbk. n. 173. Illust. PI. 157. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 145. Hussey ii. t. 49. Harz. t. 38. Fl. Batav. t. 1060. Paul. t. 119. Fl. Dan. t. 1612, 1673./] i (A. roseus). Batsch f. 20. A. collinus Larbr. t. i2)-f- 4- Bull. t. 507. Schccff. t. 303 (if white-spored). 258. A. pseudo-purus Cke..— Pileus scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rosy then pale, rather fleshy, campanulate then convex, expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth, margin obscurely striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, slender, hollow, rigid, straight, even, naked, at first rosy-white, becoming brown when dry. Gills adnate, whitish. The stem in A. purtis does not change colour. Spores in A. purus shorter and ovoid, whilst in this species they arc regularly elliptical. Allied to A. zeph irus. « 126 AGARICUS. Mycena. In woods. Coed Coch, iSSo. Autumn. It is doubtful if this is anything but one of the many forms of A. furus. Spores 6x4 mk. TF./^. Name— i/^evSo?, false. Spurious yi. ^z^rz^rj. Grevillea, vol. X. f. 147. C. Illust. PI. 158. 259. A. zephirus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, livid-red- dish, white-flesh-colour, the disc occasionally becoming fuscous, not hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, diaphanous, cam- panulate then convex, obtuse, striate to the middle, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, round, slightly striate, when young throughout or at least at the apex ivhite-sqiianiulose, at length naked, riffesce?it, incurved and woolly at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent with a small tooth, broad, but 7iot ventricose, at length separating, widely connected by veins, in groups of 2-4, white. Gregarious, rigid, fragile, inodorous. Its habit is in a measure that of A. purus, but it is scarcely rightly allied to that species ; rather allied to A. atro- albus. On decaj^ed fir wood. Glamis, 1876. Dec. Name ^i^vpa%, the west wind. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Mo?20gr. i. p. 202. Hym. Eur. p. 133. Icon. t. 78. f. 6. B. hf Br. n. 1640. S. Alycol, Scot. n. 146. C. Illust. PL 158. 260. A. Adonis Bull. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) high and broad, rose-red, &c., somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, very small in proportion to the stem, minutely and almost obsoletely papillate, even, smooth, slightly pellucid-striate round the margin ; flesh very thin, deeper in colour. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) thick, fistulose, filifoj^m., Jiexiioiis, equal, even, smooth, shiniiig white., pellucid, in no wise viscid. Gills iirtcinato-adnexed, ascending, very thin, narrow, flesh-coloured or white. Much smaller and thinner than A. purus, (S:c. According to Bulliard it is equally variable in colour as A. purtis {A. roseus Bull.) A scarlet form has been noted. In woods. Uncommon. Oct.-Nov. White, yellowish, orange, or green. M.J.B. Name — Adojiis, the beloved of Venus. From its beauty. Bull. t. 560. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 202. Hym. Eur. p. 134. Berk. Out. p. 123. B. df Br. n. 1849 (scarlet form). C. Hbk. n. 175. Illust. PI. 185. S. My col. Scot. ?i. 147. 261. A. lineatus Bull. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) high and broad, sometimes larger, commonly becoming light yellow but vary- ing whitish, remarkably membranaceous, hood-shaped then cam- panulate, obtuse, wholly lineato-sulcate, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 LEUCOSPORI. 127 in.) long, fistulose, filiform, equal, even, smooth, for the most Mycena. part beconmig light yellow, towards the base white-villous, some- what velvety. Gills simply adnate, liitear, somewhat distant, dis- tinct, white, the edge, which is of the same colour, quite entire. Moderately changeable in colour, thin and soft. Among moss. Foxley. Sept. Name — linea, a line. From the lines on the pileus. Bull. t. 522. /. 3 (a darker var.) Fr. Mojiogr. i. /. 204. Hym. Eui: p. 134. Icofi. t. 78./: 5 (paler var. with flattened pileus). Grevillea, vol. viii. /. 74. C. Illust. PL 185. b. 262. A. luteo-albus Bolt. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) high and broad, yellow, somewhat shining, not becoming pale, membran- aceous, acutely campanulate, iiniboiiate when expanded, slighlly pellucid-striate {not sulcate), smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, fisXxAosQ, filiform, equal, somewhat flexitous, tough, smooth, even, base somewhat fibrillose. Gills adnate, someivhat uncinate, at first joined behind, broad, alternate, distinct, shining white, edge quite entire. Very slender, but slightly firm, dry. It seems nearest to A. Ado7iis. Among moss in fir woods. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. l>ldime— I life i/s, yellow; albtis, white. From the yellow pileus and white gills. Bolt. t. 38. /. 2. Fr. Mouogr. i. p. 204. Hym. Eur. p. 134. Berk. Out. p. 123. C. Hbk. n. 176. Illust. PI. 159. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. July 1883. 263. A. flavo-albus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. {% in.) and more broad, ochraceous, light yellow-white or wholly white, some- what membranaceous, almost slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, ihtn flattened, umbonate, smooth, even (not truly striate), rimosely split when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly rigid., tense a?2d straight, equal, not rooted, pelkicidiy white, smooth at the base, but pruinose at the apex. Gills adnexed, soon separating-free, at length phme, ventricose, distant, white. Growing in troops. Often difficult to distinguish it from A. lacteus. In woods and meadows. Frequent. July-Dec. Spores 6-8x3-4 mk. B. NeLme—^avus, light yellow; albus, white. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 205. Hym. Eur. p. 135. Jco?t. t. 79. /, 5. B. &^ Br. ?i. 989. C. Hbk. n. 177. Hlust. PI. 159. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 148. A, stem short, A. pumilus Bull. t. 260, B, stem longer, filiform, 264. A. lacteus Pers, Wholly milk-white.— Pileus as much as 12 mm. {% in.) broad, membranaceous, campanulate, somewhat 128 AGARICUS. Mycena. umbonate, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, fistulose, equal, soniewliat Jilifor7n,fiexile, even, smooth, Jibrilloso-rooted at the base. Gills adnate, ascending, crowded, narrow, distinct, alternate. Always scattered, not caespitose. Sometimes becoming light-yellowish on the disc. Whitened forms of other species must be carefully separated from it. Var. pulckella, Fr. Icoti. t. 79. /. 3 ; pileus much thinner with a prominent umbo, gills broader at the base, somewhat distant. Typically csespitose, growing on wood. In woods, chiefly among pine-leaves. Common. July-Sept. Spores sphaeroid-ellipsoid, 4-5x3-4 mk. K.; 3 x 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — lac, milk. Milk-white. Pe?'s. Syn. p. 394. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 205. Hym. Eur. p. 135. Berk. Out. p. 123. C. Hbk. ;?. 178. Illust. PI. 159. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 149. Fl. Dd7i. t. 1845.7^ I. A. nanus Bull, t, 563./". N. O. Btixb. C. iv. t. 31./. 3. III. — RiGiPEDES. Stem rigid., &^c. 265. A. cohserens Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, cinnamoii or umber-tawny, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, cam- panulate, obtuse, eve?!, smooth, but soft to the touch and some- what velvety in appearance, margin straight and at the first ad- pressed to the stem. Stems 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) high, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, caespitoso-fasciculate, fistulose, very rigid., almost hor?iy, equal, even, smooth, shining, bay-brown upwards and whit- ish at the very apex, date-brown below and ghied together at the base with white (as if heterogeneous) villous down. Gills rounded behind, somewhat free., dista?tt, commonly connected by veins, very broad, white then becoming pale. As regards the stem it approaches the MaTasmii, M. alliaceus, e.g., but the gills are wholly those oi Mycena, nearest to those of^^. galericulatus. Pileus striate when damp. On bramble, among pine-leaves, &c. Batheaston, &c. Feb. It has much affinity with A. balanifius Berk. ; but that has the margin of the gills purple. They have, however, the same fulvous bristles on the surface. B. df Br. The individual stems rarely come in contact, but are joined to- gether by the shaggy down. Name — cohcereo, to stick together. From the stems cohering. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 207. Hym. Eur. p. 137. Icon. t. Bo./", i. B. 6^ Br. n. 1212, 1929*. 266. A. proliferus Fr. — Pileus slightly fleshy, campanulato- expanded, dry, the broad umbo darker (fuscous), slightly striate and at length sulcate or rimosely split at the margin (pale-yellow- ish or becoming fuscous-tan). Stem firm, rigid, smooth, shin- LEUCOSPORI. 129 tng, slightly striate, rooted. Gills adnexed, somewhat distinct, Mycena becoming pale-white. Inodorous, only at length nauseous. Very much allied to A. galericulatus ; in habit approaching nearest to A. cohcerens. The stems are pallid at the apex, but slightly tawny-bay-brown below, and glued together by villous down at the base. There is a white form with hyaline stem — on trunks. In woods, and in gardens near wood. Uncommon. Sept. Stem frequently proliferous, as in some species of Coprinus. M.J.B. Name — proles, offspring ; fero, to bear. From the proliferous stem. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 137. Monogr. i. p. 207. C. Illust. PL 235. Sow. t. 169. Berk. Out. p. 123. C. Hbk. n. 179. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 150. 267. A. excisus Lasch. — Pileus campanulato-convex, slightly fleshy at the disc, somewhat umbonate, slightly wrijtkled, date- brown, fuscous-blackish. Stem firm, tough, rooted, even, becom- ing fuscous. Gills ventricose, thick, distant, connected by veins, hoary, iiarrowedh^^WLA as if cut out, somewhat free. In mixed wood, on trunks. Glamis, 1875, *^c. Sept.-Oct. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Stem about 7.5 cent, (sin.) long, ex- ceedingly rigid and tough. The primary form is caespitose on trunks of pine ; there is a smaller form, on the ground, solitary ; pileus membranaceous, the darker disc -wrinkled, striate at the margin ; gills very much narrowed behind, hooked to the stem however by a small tooth, very distant, becoming glaucous. In the colour not becoming cinereous and in the nature of the gills it clearly differs from A.'^rugosus, &c. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) across, stem 10 cent. (4 in.) high, root 5 cent. {2 in.) long. The specimens were either solitary or subcses- pitose ; gills purplish, strongly cut out behind. The fig. Bull. t. 518 /. is more characteristic of the specimens than that in Fries's ' Icones,' taken from smaller and probably more superficial individuals. B. &= Br. Spores ellip- soid often reniform or spherical, 7-9 mk. Q. Name — excido, to cut out. From the peculiar character of the gills. Lasch n. 538. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 137. Monogr. \.p. 207. Icon. t. 81./. i. B. ^ Br. n. 1517, 1930. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 151. Var. C. Illust. PI. 148. 268. A. psammicola B. & Br. — Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, brown, becoming paler towards the margin, hygrophanous, some- what hemispherical, sprinkled with very minute particles, margin striate. Stem short, not 12 mm. (6 lin.) long, about i m. (X lir».) thick, solid, firm, rooting, umber downwards, white upwards, wholly white-pulverulent. Gills in the form of a segment, shortly adnate, sinuate behind. Odour strong but not nitrous. A small but well-marked species. On a sandbank among moss. Addington, 1875. Sept. Name — ^a.[i.[x.o%, sand. Frequenting sandy places. B. b' Br. n. 1518. C. Illust. PI. 186. ^ & ^ ^ 269. A. rugosus Fr. Typical form. — Pileus cinereous but I 130 AGARICUS. Mycena. becoming pale, very tough, slightly fleshy at the disc, otherwise membranaceous, campanulate then expanded, at length rather plane, somewhat obtuse, more or less corrugated {tinequal with elevated wri?tkles), always dry, not moist even in rainy weather, striate at the circumference. Stem commonly short, remarkably cartilaginous, fistulose, rigid, tough, straight, at length compressed, even, smooth, pallid, with a short oblique strigose root. Gills arcuato-adiiate, with a decurrent tooth, united behind in a collar, somewhat distant, connected by veins, broad, ventricose, white then grey, edge sometimes quite entire, sometimes serrulated. Always inodorous. Yormer\ycor\r\QCiQd\\'\ih. A. galericulatus. A. rugosus is arid, very tough, more rarely caespitose, the pileus firm, somewhat obtuse, wrinkled but without striae, the gills arcuato-adnate and uncinate, white then cinereous. The genuine A. galericulatus is fasciculato-casspitose, somewhat fragile, the pileus thinner, at first conical and umbonate, striate, without wrinkles, the gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, white then Jlesh-colour. Between these there is a long series of intermediate forms. On and near trunks and stumps. Common. July-Nov. Name — ruga, a wrinkle. From the wrifikled pileus. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 208. Hytn. Eur. p. 138. B. b' Br. n. 990. C. Hbk. ?i. 180. Illust. PL 186. b. S. My col. Scot. 71. 152. Bull. t. 518. /! K. M. 270. A. sudorus Fr. Wholly white. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, diapha7ious, somewhat membranaceous, convex, umbonate, often irregular, striate, not wrinkled, viscous. Stem very long, firm, rooted, even, dry, rather smooth. Gills adtiate obtusely a?id without a small tooth, hrodid, at first distinct, rather thick, some- what distant, white then somewhat flesh-colour. Commonly solitary. The root is long, blunt, smooth (always ?). On old stumps. Haywood Forest, 1882, Oct. Name — sudor, sweat. From its viscous pileus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 138. C. Illust. PL 206. 271. A. galericulatus Scop. — Pileus somewhat membrana- ceous, conico-campanulate then expanded, striate to the umbo, dry, smooth, (becoming fuscous-livid or changeable in colour). Stem rigid, polished, eve?t, smooth, fusiform-rooted at the base. Gills adiiate, decurre7it with a tooth, connected by veins, whitish and flesh-coloured. Very protean. Normally caespitoso-fasciculate, the numerous stems (never viscous) glued together with villous down at the base. But it occurs also soli- tary, larger, pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, wrinkled-striate. The essential marks by which it is distinguished from A. rugosus are these : stem in general thinner, less tense and straight, often curved, more fragile ; pileus membranaceous, conico-campanulate, umbonate, striate but not corrugated. LEUCOSPORI. 13 1 moist in rainy weather ; gills adnate, with a deeurrent tooth, more crowded, Mycena. whitish then flesh-coloured. The colour both of the pileus (normally fuscous then livid) and of the stem (normally becoming livid-fuscous) is much more changeable than that of A. rugosus, becoming yellow, rubiginous, &c. It is not so tough and pliant as A. rugosiis. Forms departing from the type are very numerous ; the most beautiful is var. Calopus ((caXb?, beautiful ; ttovs, a foot) with chestnut-coloured stems, united in a fusiform tail. Fr. Icon. t. 80. f. 2. Forma subterranea : Buxb. C. 4. 13./". 2. Hoffni. Subt. t. 3. On trunks, stumps, &c. Common. July-Nov. Inodorous and tasteless. M.J.B. Spores sphasroid or subsphasroid, 9-10 x6-8mk. K.; 8-iiX4-6mk. B. Name — galericulum, a small peaked cap. Peaked in shape. Scop. Cam. p. 455. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 138. Monogr. i. p. 209. Berk. Out. p. 124. C. Hbk. n. 181. Illust. PL 222. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 153. SchcBff. t. 52. Bull. t. 518./ C. D—E (pileus and stem ferruginous- red). Hoff7n. Norn. t. 4./ i. Price/. 55. Gonn. dr" Rab. t. 7. f. S (a slender form). Paul. t. 122. f. 7 (f. 8 differs in the odour). Var. Calopus B. b' Br. n. 1410. C. Illust. PI. 223. 272. A. polygrammus Bull.— Pileus 2.5. cent, (i in.) and more broad, fuscous, cinereous, livid or becoming light yellow, somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, somewhat umbonate, dry, smooth, striate, margin often toothed. Stem 7.5- 10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, rigid, tense and straight, fistulose, precisely equal, naked, longitudinally stri- ato-siilcate, strigose-rooted at the base, varying of a silvery colour, livid, blue-grey and becoming azure-blue. Gills attenuated be- hind, so as to appear somewhat free, but uncinate, somewhat dis- tant, white then reddish, sometimes serrulated. Odour, as in all neighbouring species, none. Gregarious rather than caes- pitose. It varies with the pileus pruinose, and there is a variety in which the colour of the pileus is beautiful shining white. Very much allied to A. galeri- culatus and A. rugosus, but very easily distinguished by its peculiar bright shining (obsoletely fibrillose) longitudinally striato-sulcate stem. On stumps, «S:c. Common. Sept.-Jan. Spores subsphaeroid, 6-9 mk. K. ; 10-12x6-8 mk. B. ; 9 x 7 mk. W.G.S. Name— TToXvs, many; ypa-ix^ir), a stroke in writing. From the many lines with which it is marked. Bull. t. 395. Fr. Motiogr. i. /. 209. Hym. Eur. p. 139. Berk. Out. p. 124. C. Hbk. n. 182. Illust. PI. 223. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 154. So2u. t. 222. Fl. Dan. t. 1615./. i, 1498. A. chloroticus Jungh. Linn. v. t. 7./. I. 273. A. parabolicus Fr.— Pileus becoming black at the disc, inclining to violaceous, otherwise becoming pale, whitish, some- what membranaceous, at first erect and oval, then parabolic, ob- tuse, never expanded, moist, somewhat shining when dry, smooth, even, striate towards the entire margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight but not very rigid, thickened and bearded-rooted at the base, pale below, dark violaceous above, when young white-mealy, otherwise even, 132 AGARICUS. Mycenr. smooth, dry. Gills simply adnate, ascending, somewiiat distant, rarely connected by veins, quite entire, white, somewhat grey at the base. Stem less rigid than that of A. galericulatus. Truly gregarious or caes- pitose. Plainly different from A. atro-cyaneus Fr. Once found growing on stem of Aspidiu7nfelix-mas. Lasting during winter. On rotten wood, especially fir. Uncommon. Sept. -Dec. Spores 12x6 mk. B.; Name — parabola. Shaped like a parabola. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 211, Hym. Eur. p. 139. Icon. t. 80. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 124. B. &= Br. n. 1640*. C. Hbk. n. 183. Illust. PL 224. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 155. Sow. t. 165 (pileus pallid). 274. A. tintinnabulum Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, of one colour (various) for the most part date-brown but becoming pale, somewhat membranaceous, also very tough, campamilato- convex, when full grown rather plane, scarcely umbonate, wholly eve?i and without stride, somewhat viscid when moist. Stem short, commonly 2,5 cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, always even, smooth, pallid, very tough, shortly white-strigose at the base. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, horizofital, very thin and crowded, narrow, becoming pale, at length slightly inclining to flesh-colour. Colour very variable (though unicolorous) becoming azure-blue, pale yel- lowish-fuscous, whitish. Commonly gregarious, more rarely csespitose. Like A. parabolicus, &c., very much allied to A. galericulatus, but smaller. On fallen beech-trunks, &c. Glamis, 1876, &c. Oct.-Dec. Remarkable for its power of living through low temperature. Name — tin- tinnabulum, a bell. From its bell shape. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 211. Hy?n. Eur. p. 140. Icon. t. 80./". 4. B. df Br. n. 1746. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 156. C. Illust. PL 224. IV. — Fragilipedes. Ste7n fragile, &^c. 275. A. atro-albus Bolt. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat membranaceous, parabolico-campaniilate, obtuse, the blackish disc even, whitish and slightly pellucid-striate round the margin, not hygrophanous. Stem 7.y-io cent. (3-4 in.) long, al- most 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, remarkably fistulose, teiise and straight, even, shiniiig, of two colours, darker at the apex, with a hairy bulbous-swollen root. Gills free, ventricose, crowded, white then becoming glaucous. Firmer than the others in this section, but neither rigid nor fusiform-rooted ; distinguished from them all by its swollen, inflated, hairy base. Solitary or gregarious, not caespitose. Var. minor, with stem pruinate at the apex, is not constant. LEUCOSPORI. 133 In mixed woods, among moss. Frequent. July-Nov. Mycena. Name — ater, black ; albus, white. From the two distinct colours. Bolt. t. 137. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 212. Hym. Eur. p. 140. Berk. Out. p. 124. C. Hbk. n. 184. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 157. 276. A. dissiliens Fr. — Pileus cinereous-fuscous, whitish round the margin, somewhat membranaceous, acorn-shaped then con- ico-campanulate, not flattened, but revolute at the margin, sidcate to the middle, dry. Stem short, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, attenuated upwards from the strigose base, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, somewhat i7icurved, smooth or pruinate, juiceless, slightly striate under a lens, cinereous, split aftd breaking asunder into revolnte Jiaps when compressed or bent. Gills rounded behind, separating-free, broader in front and running out at the very obtuse truncate apex, soft, watery, whitish or cinereous at the base, the shorter ones crisped. Very fragile, with a vapid odour (not nitrous). In shady places the pileus is commonly covered over with a fibrillose network and hoary silky pruina. In natural afifinity very nearly conjoined with A. atro-albus, but in habit it rather resembles A. galericulatus or A. alkalinus. On trunks, branches, &c. Frequent. July-Nov. Name — dissilio, to burst asunder. From the manner in which the stem splits. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 213. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Icon. t. 81. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 185. Illust. PI. 285. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 158. A. pseudoclypeatus Bolt. t. 154. A. metatus Seer. Mich. Gen. t. 79. f. 5. Paul. t. \2.2..f. 8. 277. A. atro-cyaneus Batsch. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, of one colour, fuscous then becoming azure-blue-grey, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, at length flattened, gib- bous, with an irregularly shaped, somewhat angular, wrinkled, obtuse, fuscous blackish umbo, deeply sulcate (even when dry) to the umbo, sprinkled with white powder which is easily rubbed off. Stem 4-5 cent. {lYz-i in.) long, fistulose, flz/orm, slightly attenu- ated from the slightly bulbous base, almost equal, rigid, fragile, even, smooth, dark blue-black. Gills joined in a collar, attenuato- adnate, ventricose, distinct, distant, white. Fragile, inodorous. Its affinity is not fully apparent. The figure of Batsch is from a small and imperfectly developed specimen. In fir woods. Ascot, 1865, &c. Sept.-Nov. Name — ater, black ; cyaneus, dark-blue. Batsch f. 87. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 203. Hym. Eur. p. 141. B. b^ Br. n. 1213, 1640*. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 139. C. niust. PL 236. b. 278. A. pullatus Berk. & Cke.— Pileus i8 mm. {% in.) broad, 134 AGARICUS. Mj-cena. at first dark brown with a tinge of purple, disc almost black, membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, sulcato-striate to the middle. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, thickened downwards, of the same colour, whitish floc- cose at the base, sometimes rooting. Gills adnexed, rather broad, scarcely crowded, white. Spores elliptic, smooth. Odour slightly nitrous. The pileus grows a little paler with age, sometimes with a glaucous bloom. Allied to A. atro-cyaneus and A. leptocephalus. On the ground among dead leaves. Chingford, 1882, &c. Oct.-Nov. Name — pullns, dark. From the blackened colour. B. dr" C. Grcvillea, vol. xi. p. 69. C. lllust. PI. 237. 279. A. pauperculus Berk.— Pileus 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, pale ochraceous -white, fleshy, somewhat membranaceous, obtusely conical or hemispherical, minutely innato-fibrillose. Stem 1-2.5 cent. {Vz-i in.) long, i m. (^ lin.) thick, white, curved, rooting, minutely stuffed, smooth except at the villous base, pow^dered at the top with the sporules, generally thicker below. Gills at first free then adnexed, white. Odour farinaceous. The pileus is in age almost tawny, probably stained by the wood on which it grows. Gills adnexed from the growth of the pileus which is sometimes striate from translucence. Inside of decayed stumps. Uncommon. Sept. Name — diminutive of pauper, poor. From its insignificant appearance. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 57. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 187. lllust. PL 236. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 141. 280. A. leptocephalus Pers. — Pileus cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulato-expanded, repand, umbonate, sili- cate, priiinose, opaque. Stem equal, slightly striate, opaque, dry. Gills e7na7'ginate, white-cinereous. Fragile, strong-smelling, odour nitrous. Solitary. It agrees with ^4. alka- linus in its fiitrous odour, but differs in its growth never being casspitose, in its slightly striate stem, \\.s pruinose sulc ate pileus, and its emarginate gills. On trunks and the ground. Laxton Park, Northamptonshire. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8 mk. Q. Name — AeTrro?, fine ; K^^oX-q, head. From its delicate pileus. Pers. Ic. t. 14. f. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Monogr. i. p. 214. B. df Br. n. 1747. C. lllust. PI. 187. 281. A. alkalinus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, cin- ereous, fuscous, date-brown, inclining to olivaceous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, obtusely umbonate, deeply striate LEUCOSPORI. 135 when moist, shini7ig when dry, never pruinose or when dry Mycena. rugulose. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, slightly firm, rigid, but like the whole plant fragile, equal, slippery (not viscous) when moist, shining when dry, smooth, villous at the base, normally yellow, but often cinereous. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, con- nected by veins or distinct, slightly ventricose, glaucous-white or dark cinereous and whitish at the edge, sometimes becoming cinereous-yellow. Varying very much in stature. It is readily distinguished by its strong alka- line odour, and by its pileus and stem not having a viscid pellicle, from A. epipterygius, with which it so agrees in the colours, which vary in each in an analogous manner, that it is difficult to discriminate between the figures of the one and the other, although the plants themselves are not even alUed. On trunks, stumps, &c. Common. May-Nov. Often tinged everywhere with yellow or pink. Solitary or csespitose. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid-sphaeroid, 8-10x6-7 mk. K.; 10-12x4-6 mk. B. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — alkali. From its alkaline odour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 'ZT.a^. Hym. Eur. p. 141. Icon. t. 81./. 3. Berk. Out. p. 125. C. Hbk. n. 186. Illust. PL 187, 225. S. Mycol. Scot. n. x6o.—Sch(eff. t. 31, 32. 282. A. ammoniacus Fr. — Pileus fuscous blackish at the disc, paler round the margin, varying cinereous, somewhat membran- aceous, at first acutely conical, papillate, then campanulate, naked, discoid, opaque, striate round the margin. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (>^-i lin.) thick, rooting, slightly firm, polished, even, dry, equal, whitish, not becoining yellow, strigose at the base. Gills simply adnate, linear, distant, distinct, whitish or grey and whitish towards the apex. Pileus varying in colour and stature. Very much allied to .^. alkaWius ; odour the same, only weaker ; growth not caespitose. On the ground among grass. P>equent. Sept.-Nov. Easily distinguished from A. alkalinus by its habitat (always on the ground, never on stumps) by its single (never casspitose) growth, and by its stem being uniformly whitish, never becoming yellow. Spores 10-13 x 4-6 mk. B. Name — from its strong scent of ammonia. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 215. Hym. Eur. p. 142. B. b= Br. n. 1214. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 161. C. Illust. PI. 238. a. 283. A. metatus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. {yi in.) or a little more broad, very hygrophanous, cinereous when moist, opaque and whitish when dry, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherico- campanulate, obtuse, soft, when moist slightly striate, when dry without strise, somewhat silky ijt appeara?ice (under a lens at least). Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, soft-flaccid, even, smooth, whitish-cinereous, fibrillose at the base, but not truly rooted. Gills simply adnate, linear, distinct, somewhat distant, whitish. 136 AGARICUS. Mycena. It varies flesh-colour, livid, &'c. Odour weak, alkaline, often obsolete ; otherwise it is widely removed from A. alkalinus, &c. , in the stibstance of the whole plant being soft becoming flaccid rather than rigid-fragile, and in the pileus being hygrophanous and easily changing colour. Gregarious but never caespitose. There is also a form with the pileus conical then campanulate, velvety under a lens. In mixed wood among moss. Glamis, 1874, &c. Oct.-Nov. Spores 8-10 X 4-6 mk. 5. Name— w^/c/z^j-, furnished with a w^/a. Conical. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 215. Hy77i. Eur. p. 142. B. 6^ Br. n. 1519. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 162. C. Illust. PI. 238. b. Paul. t. 99. /. 8 (livid flesh-colour). Buxb. C. iv. t. 15. f. 3. 284. A. plicosus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous- cinereous, opaque when dry, membranaceous, fragile, campanu- late then expanded, with a slightly fleshy, broad, obtuse, even umbo, otherwise deeply li7ieato-siilcaie.^ almost plicose with the distant furrows, often split. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, slightly ■ firm, fragile however, tense and straight, equal, even, smooth, grey, becoming fuscous, blunt, not rooted, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate and without a decurrent tooth, thick, Iri^ly distant, connected by veins, grey and at length whitish-pruinose. The stem is by no means soft like that of ^. metatus. On the ground in wood. Rare. Killin, 1876. Sept. Name — plica, to fold. From the folds on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 216. Hyin. Eur. p. 142. Ico7t. /. 81. /". 4. B. ^ Br. n. 1641. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 163. C. Illust. PL 285. b. 285. A. peltatus Fr.— Pileus i8 mm. {% in.) broad, black- fuscous when damp, grey when dry, convex when young, soon exactly pla7ie, the turned up margin very closely but manifestly striate, disc slightly fleshy, orbicular., eveii, plane. Stem 4-5 cent. {1/4-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, rigid, some- what fragile, often flexuous, even, smooth, naked, livid. Gills adnate with a small decurrent tooth, at first crowded, ventricose, but somewhat distant when the pileus is flattened, distinct, grey, paler towards the edge. The slightly fleshy centre is dilated and plane beyond the middle (rather umbilicate than umbonate above the tube of the stem). When dry the margin is raised all rou7id and becomes black, presenting the form of a shallow circular vessel. Among mosses the stem is drawn out and villous at the base, but not truly rooted. A most distinguished species, inodorous, growing in troops and densely crowded. In woods among moss. Rare. Altyre. Aug.-Sept. Name—pelta, a small shield. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 216. Hym. Eur. p. 142. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 164. LEUCOSPORI. ■ 137 286. A. setites Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (}4 in.) broad, fuscous-grey, Mycena. becoming pale, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, with a broad, obtuse, prominetit umbo, sulcate to the timbo^ smooth. Stem 5 cent (2 in.) long, fistulose, but often compressed, and then the tube disappears, unequal, fragile, smooth, shining, becoming whitish-fuscous. Gills adnate, somewhat unci7iate, a little arcuate, thin, at first cohering in the form of a collar, beautifully reticu- lated with veins, somewhat distant, white, grey at the sides. Odour bitterish or obsolete ; growing in troops. The pileus is sometimes rufescent as in the figure of Schaeffer ; when dry the very margin becomes black, not the whole striate part as in ^. peltatus. In woods. Ascot, 1873, &c. Spores TO X 6 mk. B. Name — aeririj?, the eagle-stone. Iron ore. From the fuscous-grey colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 2ij. Hytn. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 81. f. 5 (rufescent form). B. 6^ Br. n. 1411. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 165. C. llliist. PI. 188. A. umbelliferus Schceff. t. 309. 287. A. stanneus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. (iX in.) broad, hygro- phano7is, grey when jnoist, when dry tin-colour, silky glistening, smooth however, membranaceous, campanulate then flattened, fragile, often rimose, striate, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, but compressed to 4 mm. (2 lin.) in breadth, narrowly fistulose, slightly rigid, even, shilling, smooth, becoming pale, not very fragile. Gills adnate, with a small decur- re?it tooth, scarcely crowded, connected by veins, whitish grey. Inodorous. Scattered or loosely gregarious. It differs abundantly from A. metatits in its rigidity, in its glistening pileus when dry, and in its whole nature ; it may rather be compared with A. collariatus among Filipedes. In wood among grass. Cabal va. Oct. Spores 8-10 X 4 mk. B. Name — stannum, tin. From the colour. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 217. Hytn. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 82./". 2. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 74. C. must. PL 188. 288. A. vitreus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, opaque, fuscous then livid or bluish-grey, wholly membranaceous^ very thin, campanulate, obtuse, wholly lineato-striate, smooth, dry, margin entire, naked. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, i m. {% lin.) thick, remarkably fistulose, equal, smooth, glistening, striate under a le?tSy fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, linear, distinct, thin, sojnewhat distant, whitish, of the same colour at the edge. It has no umbo or slightly fleshy disc. The whole plant very fragile, juice- less, inodorous. Elegant, growing in troops. Among mosses the stem is ex- tended at the base and spuriously rooted. This and A. tenuis differ from the rest in the substance being much thinner. 138 AGARICUS. Mycena. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — vitrum, glass. From the glassy appearance. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 218. Hym. Eur. p. 143. Icon. t. 82. f. i. B. ^ Br. n. mi. C. Hbk. n. 188. Illust. PL 160. S. My col. Scot. n. 166. 289. A. tenuis Bolt. — Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) or a little more broad, hyaline or becoming fuscous-white, very thinly membran- aceous, campanulato-convex, obtuse, /z;7^(2/^-j'/rz"(2/- /• 2. Berk. Out. p. 127. B. &= Br. n. 992. C. Hbk. n. 196. Illust. PL 162, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 175, Sow. t. 385. / 2, 3. 300. A. sanguinolentus A. «&: S. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, pallid reddish, becoming fuscous, umbo and stride com- monly darker, very thi7ily 7nembra7iaceous, campanulato-convex or hemispherical, papillate, smooth, striate to the umbo. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, \n ^2^, flaccid, almost capillary, mod- erately tough, naked, smooth, pallid, somewhat fibrillose at the base. Gills adnate, linear, somewhat distant, the alternate ones shorter, paler than the pileus, the edge black-purple. The stem is elongated among Sphagna to as much as 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in. ). Gregarious. So very tender and easily withering that it is commonly over- looked. The thinnest of this group and inclining to Calodontes in the edge of the gills being black-purple, but placed in this section on account of the stem distilling a pale-reddish juice. The edge of the gills always safely distin- guishes it from A. debilis to which it is very like. In woods among leaves especially fir. Common. July-Oct. LEUCOSPORI. 143 Spores sphseroid-ellipsoid, irregular, 8-9 x 6-7 mk. K. ; irregularly toothed, Mycena. roundish, 7-9x5-8 mk. B. ; 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — sanguis, blood. From the juice. Alb. 5f Schw. p. 196. Fr. Motiogr. \. p. 'Z2.^. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Icon. t. 83./. 3. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 197. Illust. PI. 163. ^. Mycol. Scot. n. 176. Gonn. 6f Rab. t. y.f. 10.— Bull. t. 518./. P. right hand. 301. A. crocatus Schrad. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (X-i in.) broad, olivaceous, cinereous or shining white, somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, the even umbonate disc reddish, striate towards the quite entU'e margi7t. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, slightly attenuated from the base, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, tense and straight, even, smooth, saffron-blood-colour, especially towards the rooting fibrillose base. Gills attenuato-adnexed, somewhat distant, broader in front, somewhat ventricose, white. Quite inodorous, scattered. Readily distinguished by its saffron-blood piice. The base of the stem creeps among leaves. There is a smaller variety on beech. In woods among leaves. Uncommon. Name — croczis, ^■aSitoxi. From the juice. Schrad. — Fr. Monogr. \. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. n. 198. Hlust. PL 163. 6', Mycol. Scot. n. 177, Fl. Dan. t. 1550./". i, 2024./! i. Knapp. Journ. Bot. t. 7. 302. A. chelidonius Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (X-i in.) broad, becoming yellow-flesh-colour, somewhat membranaceous, cam- panulate then convex, obtuse, smooth, pellucid-striate when moist, even and opaque when dry, margin quite entire. Stem 4-5 cent. {lYz-i in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, even, smooth, becoming yellow, sparmgly filled with yellow juice, rooting and villous at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat distant, distinct, whitish or becoming yellow-white. Somewhat casspitose, with the habit of yellowish forms of A. alkalinus to which it is allied. Odour somewhat alkaline. On stumps of beech. Rare. Name — chelidonium, the name of a flowering plant (Celandine) with yellow juice. The name is derived from x«^'S««>»'i a swallow ; the swallow arriving about the time the plant flowers. The fungus is so named from its yellow milk. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 226. Hym. Eur. p. 148. Berk. Out. p. 127. C. Hbk. 71. 199. Hlust. PL 207 a. A. pumilus Sow. t. 385. f. 4. 303. A. galopus Pers. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, at first becoming black, then cinereous, varying white with a black- ish papilla, membranaceous, conical then campanulate, some- what umbonate, striate, naked or pruinate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, slender, somewhat fragile, even, smooth or pruinate, cinereous-blackish, paler upwards, somewhat thick- 144 AGARICUS. Mycena. ened villous and rooting at the base. Gills attenuated behind, slightly adnexed, broader towards the margin of the pileus, white, sometimes becoming glaucous. The stem is elongated among the taller mosses. Readily distinguished from all others by (he plentiful zuhife juice of the stetn. When old and juice- less it is easily confounded with A.fllopes. Growing in troops. In woods, among leaves. Common. July-Oct. Name— yaXa, milk ; ttou'?, a foot. From the white juice of the stem. Pers. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 226. Hym. Eiir. p. 149. Berk. Out. p. 128. t. 6. f 2. C. Hbk. n. 200. Illust. PI. 207. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 178. Fl. Dan. t. iSSO.f 2. Gonn. df Rab. t. 7. f. 9. Bait. t. 28. Q. 304. A. leucogalus Cke. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) broad and high, purple brown, paler at the margin, becoming black at the umbo, membranaceous, campanulate, umbonate, sulcate to the middle; milk white, plentiful. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, fis- tulose, slender, a little thickened downwards, of the same col- our as the pileus, whitish tomentose at the base. Gills adnate with a small decurrent tooth, rather distant, connected by veins, cinereous. Pileus not exceeding an inch. Forming dense caespitose tufts. On rotten stump. Kew, 1883. Oct. Name — AevKos, white ; ydXa, milk. Grevillea, vol. xii. p. 41. VII. — Glutinipedes. Stejn glutinous, &^c. 305. A. epipterygius Scop.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {%.-\ in.) and more broad, commonly cinereous, membranaceous, campanulate and at length more expanded, obtuse, never depressed, striate, covered over with a pellicle which, when the plant is moist, is very viscous, and in every state easily separable, the margin when young sometimes elegantly denticulate. Stem 5-7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, often flexuous, rooted and fibrillose at the base, even, viscous, for the most part yellow, but varying cinereous, pallid, whitish. Gills decurrent with a tooth, thin, whitish, cinereous, bluish-grey, rufescent. A very changeable species, chiefly as regards colour ; pileus often rufescent when older. Sometimes solitary, sometimes gregarious or caespitose, inodor- ous. Easily distinguished by the viscous pellicle being easily separable both from the stem and the pileus. In woods, among grass, &c. Common. Aug.-Nov, The stem is generally paler in the middle. Spores ellipsoid, 8-10 x 4-5 mk. K. ; 6-10 X 4-5 mk. B. Name — cTrt, upon ; TTTepv-yiov, a membrane. From LEUCOSPORI. 145 the pellicle. Scop. p. 453. Fr. Monogr. \. p, lorj. Hyfti. Eur. p. 149. Berk. Mycena. Out. p. 128. C. Hbk^ 71. 201. Illust. PL 208. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 179. Sow. t. 92. Fl. Daft. t. 2078./. 2. 306. A. clavicularis Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) and more broad, whitish, light yellowish, becoming fuscous, membrana- ceous, convexo-expanded, striate, dry, without a pellicle, at length depressed at the disc. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, fistulose, tough, even, smooth, not very viscous, whitish, fibrillose at the base. Gills ad?iate, soinewhat decurrent when the pileus is de- pressed, often connected by veins, whitish. A remarkable species, related to A. epipterygius, but almost dry ; the stem is viscid only in wet weather. There is a thinner variety with filiform stem. In grassy ground in fir woods. Glamis, 1876, &c. Oct. Name — clavus, a nail. Like a small nail in shape. Fr. Monogr. \. p. '2'2'&. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Icon. t. 84./. i. B. b' Br. n. 1749. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 180. Bull. t. 80. C. Illust. PI. 208. 307. A. pelliculosus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (>^-i in.) broad, fuscous then grey, membranaceous, campanulate then convex, obtuse, lineato-striate to the middle, with a viscid separable pellicle. Stem curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, fistulose, rigid, tense and straight, somewhat thickened at the apex, smooth, vis- cid, white-livid, becoming fuscous. Gills adnate, alternate, very distant, almost in the form of folds, but wholly simple and not con- nected by veitis, joined in a collar behind and decurrent, becoming glaucous. The pileus is covered with a viscous separable pellicle like A. epipterygius ; but it is very easily distinguished from that species by the distant, fold-like gills. The gills are much more decurrent than those of A. epipterygius. Growing in troops during very rainy weather. On heaths and in heathy woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Cinereous. Resembling y^. galericulattis rather than yi. epipterygius. M. f.B. Name — pellicula, a thin membrane. Furnished with a pellicle, Fr. Monogr. i. p. 228. Hym. Eur. p. 149. Berk, Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. n. 202. Illust. PI. 191. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 181. 308. A. vulgaris Pers.— Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more broad, fuscous or cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate then convex, then depressed at the disc, papillate, slightly striate, slightly viscid. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, commonly 2 mm. (l lin.) thick, fistulose, very viscous, cinereous, rooting and white- strigose at the base. Gills at first uncinato-adfixed, then decur- refit, thin, white. Gregarious, inodorous, changeable. The pileus is often rufescent when K 146 AGARICUS. Mycena. old ; it varies whitish, with the papilla fuscous. The stem is elongated and filiform among the taller mosses. In fir woods, &c., among moss. Common. July-Nov. Spores ellipsoid, 3-4 X 2 mk. A'. / ioX4mk. W.P. Name — vulgaris, com- mon. Pers. Syn. p. 394. Ic. pict. t. 19./". 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 228. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Berk. Out. p. 128. t. 6. f. 4. C. Hbk. n. 203. Illust. PL 191, b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 182. Qicel. t. \. f. 7. Fl. Daft. t. 1678./'. 2 (incorrect), 309. A. citrinellus Pers. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, lemon-yellow, but often darker at the disc, membranaceous, cam- panulate then hemispherical and flattened, but not umbilicato- depressed, striate, scarcely viscous. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, fistulose, yf/z/^rw, smooth, viscid in wet weather at least, lemon- yellow, villous at the base, but scarcely rooting. Gills uncinate, alternate, distant, moderately broad, shining white. Pileus becoming pale. Gregarious ; smaller and less viscid than A. vul- garis. Var. Candida, sulphur-yellow when dry. In pine woods, &c. Uncommon. Oct. Persoon's plant grows on the ground. The form described by Fries in ' Icones ' is smaller and grows on wood. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — citrus, lemon. Lemon-yellow. Pers. Ic. t. xi. f. 3. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 229. Hyvi. Eur. p. 150. Ico?i. t. 84./. 4. B. df Br. n. 1215. C. Hbk. n. 204. Illust. PL 248. FL Dan. t. 1614./, i. Batschf. 88. 310. A. plicato-crenatus Fr. — Pileus 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, but higher, white then becoming light yellow, very thin, conical, somewhat umbonate, Ytv[\2ir'k2ih\y sulcalo-plicate and crenate, with- out a separable pellicle. Stem 4 cent. (i>^ in.) long, filiform, obsoletely or scarcely fistulose from its thinness, pallid reddish, internally becoming light yellow, smooth, viscid. Gills ascend- ing, narrow and attenuated behind, adnate, with a small decur- rent tooth, distant, white. Allied to the very protean A. epipterygius, but thinner, so that the pileus is deeply plicate like that of Marastnius jvtula, and the margin remarkably cre- nate. In its very thin plicato-crenate pileus it approaches A. roridus. Among heath. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name— //zV^, a fold ; crena, a notch. Plicate and crenate. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 294. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Icon. t. 84./. 2. B. &^ Br. Ji. 1748. C. Illust. PL 248. b. 311. A. roridus Fr. Wholly shining white, but varying with the pileus becoming yellow. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, very thin, membranaceous, conico-campanulate then convex, dry, sulcate when moist, becoming even when dry. Stem 1-2.5 cent. {yi-i in.) and more long, obsoletely fistulose on account of its LEUCOSPORI. 147 extreme thinness, capillary^ covered over with thick, fluid, shining, Mycena. hyaline glute?t, inserted at the base (not rooted), smooth. Gills arcuate, decurrent, distant, the alternate ones shorter. Not allied to any ; among the smallest of Afyce7ice, but of all of them the most extraordinary on account of the thick (i lin.) fluid and pellucid yi?//^, with which the capillary stem is everywhere covered over, or in which it is as it were immersed. On dead sticks, twigs, &c. Rare. Sept. Various in colour, but generally white with a slight cinereous tinge. After abundant rain the dripping stem is very striking. M.y.B. Spores ellipsoid or oblong-ellipsoid, 8-11 X 4 mk. K. Name — rcr/c/z/j, wet with dew. Dripping. Fr. Monogr. i. p. "22.^. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Be7-k. Out. p. 128. C. Hbk. ?i. 205. Illust. PL 248. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 183. Quel. t. 4./. 4. VIII. — Basipedes. Stem dilated at the base, &^c, 312. A. stylobates Pers. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, commonly white, membranaceous, campanulate, at length convex, obtuse, pellucid-striate, dry, coinmo7ily sprinkled with spreading hairs. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, fistulose,yf/z/^r;;z, some- times almost capillary, equal, naked, dry, seated itp07i an or'bicitlar, plane, striate, slightly villous base. Gills free, wholly separate behind, ventricose, broader in front, distant, alternate. Very tender, fragile ; commonly wholly white, but varying grey, becoming azure-blue. Always solitary and sporadic. In close places the stem is 7.5-10 cent. {3-4 in.) long and fiexuous {Hoffm. t. 6. f. 2). On twigs, leaves, &c. Uncommon. Oct. Spores 2x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — cttvAo?, a pillar; /Sacns, a base. From the way in which the stem rests upon the disc-like base. Pers. Syn. t. 5. y. 4. Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 230. Hym. Eur. p. 150. Berk. Out. p. 129. /. 6. f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 206. Illust. PI. 249. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 184. A. shining white. — B. slightly grey. Sturm. Deutsch. t. 29. C. becoming azure-blue. Fl. Dan. t. 2025./. 3.^ — Hoffm. t. 6. f. 2. 313. A. tenerrimus Berk. Pure white. — Pileus 2-3 mm. (i- lyi lin.) broad, convex, not pilose, but frosted with minute gran- ules. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely ^ lin. thick, fistulose, flexuGus, pilose, adhering by a minute pubescent disc, which is not the least striate. Gills free, ventricose, distant, unequal. A very minute, but distinct species. Very delicate, tender, and easily injured. Gregarious. Disc not striate. On fir-cones, sticks, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Dec. Spores round. Name— /&, golden egg-yellow, colour unchangeable. Gills truly decurrent, distant, broad, distinct, persistently golden egg- yellow. Spores wholly white. Comparatively large, gregarious. The gills are broader than those of species nearest to it. On pine sawdust. Glamis, 1884. Oct. When moist the umbilicus is darker than the rest of the pileus. Name — xpvcros, gold ; ^uAAov, a leaf. With golden gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. i8i. Hym. F.ur. p. 156. Icon. t. 74./". I. 327. A. Postii Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more broad, bright orajige, membranaceous, at the first umbilicate, then depressed, even, smooth, but convex and striate towards the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, remarkably equal, tense and straight, even, smooth, becoming light yellow. Gills deeply and truly decur- rent, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, linear, arcuate, whitish. Readily distinguished from all neighbouring species by the bright orange colour of the smooth pileus. la. 154 AGARICUS. Omphalia. On charcoal-bcds. Downton, 1874. Sept. Name — after H. von Post. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 291. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Ico7i. t. 74./". 2. C. Illust. PL 194. 328. A. pyxidatus Bull.— Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, very hygrophanous, brick - rufesceiit or rufous - fuscous when moist, becoming pale, opaque when dry, membranaceous, pellucid, umbilicate then infundibuliform, ivheii moist smooth, sometimes at the margin, sometimes wholly radiato-striate, when dry flocculose or slightly silky. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, al- most 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, tough, equal, round, smooth or pruinose, pallid then riifescent. Gills decur- rent, somewhat dista7it, distinct, narrow, but broader at the middle, fiesh-coloiir then pale-yellowish. The entire plant is much more changeable than neighbouring species are. Among grass on lawns and in woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores ellipsoid-sphoeroid, irregular, 7-8x5-6 mk. K. ; 6-4x4-5 mk. B. ; 5-7X3-4mk. IV. P. Name— /^a'zj, a small box. Box-shaped, i??^//. /. 568. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 182. Hy7?i. Eur. p. 157. Berk. Out. p. 130. /. 6. / 8. C. Hbk. n. '2ij[. Illust. PI. 194. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 191. 329. A. leucophyllus Fr. — Pileus more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark cinereous, somewhat membranaceous, infundibuli- form, becomi7ig eve7i, not floccose, the reflexed margin involute. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, slightly rigid, equal, even, smooth, citiereous. Gills decurrent, slightly distant, arcuate, distinct, shining white. Very distinct from all others of this group in its shinitig -white gills. Anal- ogous with A. maurus, but clearly distinct in its stature and somewhat dis- tant gills. Among short grass. Coed Coch, 1869. Spores ellipsoid-pruniform, punctate, 10 mk. Q. Name — Xevfco?, white ; (^wXAoi/, a leaf. White-gilled. Fr. Vet. Ak. Fork. 1851. /. 45. Monogr. i. p. 183. Hym. Eur. p. 157. Icon. t. 73./ 4. B. 5f Br. n. 1217. C. Illust. PI. 288. 330. A. striaepileus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent (i in.) or a little more broad, hygrophanous, livid-fuscous, becoming pale-white when dry, somewhat membranaceous, convex \\\^xi flattened, umbilicate, never infundibuliform, the whole elegantly striate, smooth, even and not floccose when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, equal, often flexuous, slightly tough, even, smooth, becoming fuscous. Gills somewhat decur- rent, somewhat crowded, 2-3 mm. (i-i>^ lin.) broad, whitish, not becoming cinereous. LEUCOSPORI. 155 Among moss in mixed wood. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Omphaila. Easily recognised by its remarkably striate pileus. Spores ovoid-sphaeroid, verrucose echinulate, 7-8 mk. Q. Name — sh'ia, a furrow. With striate pileus. Fr. Monogr. \\. p. 291. Hyvi. Eur. p. 157. Icofi. t. JS- f- 3- ■^- ^ Br. 71. 1646. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 192. C. Illust. PL 288. 331. A. telmatiseus Berk. & Cke.— Pileus 18 mm. [yi in.) broad, hygrophanous, brown then mouse-coloured, infundibuliform or deeply umbilicate, minutely virgate. Stem compressed, tomen- tose at the base. Gills distinct, distant, ending abruptly, decur- rent. On sphagnum. Aboyne, 1862, &c. Aug. Name — reA/ixaTiato?, occurring in marshy places. B. &= Br. n. 994 (A. affri- catus). C. Illust. PI. 240. 332. A. sphagnicola Berk.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i}4 in.) broad, dirty pale-ochre, becoming darker in age, somewhat fleshy, infun- dibuliform, obscurely striate and minutely squamulose, moist but not viscid. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat crooked, smooth except at first when it is very minutely squamulose above. Gills decurrent, narrow, moderately distant, thick, edge flattish, dirty ochraceous. Distinguished from A. p/illonotis by its tough, elastic substance, &c. On Sphagnit7n aciitifoliiim. Uncommon. June. Name — sphagn^nn ; colo, to inhabit. Growing among sphagnum. Berk. Etig. Ft. V. p. 67. Out. p. 131. C. Hbk. n. 217. Jllust. PL 289. a. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 194. py. Hy7ii. Eur. p. 158. 333. A. philonotis Lasch. Cinei^eotts-f uliginous. — Pileus 12- 18 mm. {Yz-yi in.) broad, membranaceous, the whole deeply infun- dibuliform^ margin erect, without stride, hygrophanous, floccose when dry. Stem 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, scarcely reaching 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal or attenuated upwards, smooth, floc- cose at the base. Gills deeply decurrent, extended in a straight line to the margin, somewhat distant, narrow, lanceolate. Fragile. Pyxidate. Margin of pileus not reflexed. On sphagnum. Glamis, 1874, &c. Aug. Fries notes that it is a vernal species. Name — 0iA.o?, loving ; cotiV, moisture. Moisture-loving. Lasch ?i. 226. /V. Monogr. i. /. 184. Hy/n. Eur. p. 158. Icon. t. 76./. i. B. &f Br. n. 1412. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 195. C. Illust. PL 289. b. 334. A. oniscus Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark cinereous becoming pale, grey-hoary when dry, somewhat 156 AGARICUS. Omphalia. membranaceous, or slightly fleshy, flaccid, fragile when old, C07i- vexo-umbilicate or infundibuliform, often irregular, undulato-flex- uous, even-lobed, smooth^ eve7i, margin striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, stuffed then fistulose, slightly firm, moderately tough, sometimes round, curved, some- times unequal, compressed, ascending, undulated, grey. Gills shortly deciirreni, somewhat distant, quaternate, cinereous. The gills are almost darker when dried. Not casspitose. Very distinct from A. philonotis, &c., but allied to A. pyxidatus, though the colour is very different. In colour and irregular pileus it approaches very near to A. {Pleur.) tremulus. On swampy ground in woods. Rare. Dec. Spores 12x7-8 mk. 5. Name — 6vi' From situation the stem is often incurved. It is dilated at the base as in Mycence Basipedes. Thinner than A. griseo-pallidus, &c. Nearest to A. integrellus, but distinct in its broader gills, &:c. On sticks, stems of herbaceous plants, &c. Uncommon. Feb.- Nov. Distinguished by its thin gills from every state of ^. umbellifer7is. M.J.B. Spores subsphaeroid. irregular, 6-7x5 mk. K. ; 7-8 x 2 mk. B. Name — stella, a star. From the star-like or radiate base. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 188. Hym. Eur. p. 162. Berk. Out. p. 132. C. Hbk. n. 222, Illust. PL 241. 6'. My col. Scot. n. 201. II. — Mycenarii. * Campanellse. Gills broad, perfect, imequal. 348. A. campanella Batsch. — Pileus about 12 mm. (>^ in.) \iXQ)?idi., yellow ferruginous, hygrophanous, membranaceous, tough, campanulate then soon convex, wnbilicate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 LEUCOSPORI. l6l in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, hor?ty, rigid, fistulose, Omphalia. smooth, date-brown, attenuated and rooted, taw7iy-strigose at the base, paler at the apex. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, some- what crowded, remarkably co7inected by vei?ts, yellow ^ not pruinose, varying veined. Growing in a dense band, commonly caespitose, and gladdening the recesses of the woods with its shining colours. There are two remarkable varieties, gregarious on the ground : B. badipus, the longer stem stuffed, somewhat fibrillose, with a small villous-strigose tawny bulb at the base ; C. papillata, pileus acutely conical, papillate, at length depressed round the papilla. A more remarkable variety is myriadea Kalchbr. in litt., half the size of the common form, very densely caespitose, covering over the trunks of pine like a dense fleece, pale tawny, with pallid brick-flesh-coloured gills. In fir woods, on trunks, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Sept. The dark stem and tawny pubescence at the base readily distinguish the species. M.J.B. Spores ellipsoid, 6-8x3-4 mk. C.B.P. ; jy.-^ mk.lV.P.; 6-9 X 3-4 mk. B. Name — campana, a bell. Diminutive. Shaped like a little bell. Batsch. — Fr. Monogr. i. /. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 162. Berk. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 223. Illust. PL 273. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 202. Sow. t. 163. Schceff. t. 230. Var. badipus C. Illust. PL 273. 349. A. pictus Fr. — Pileus about 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.), but higher tha?t broad, fuscous, the uvibilicate disc commonly light yellow, the perpendicular sides darkly striate, the margin, which is entire, paler, membranaceous, catnpaiiulato -hood- shaped, almost- oval. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, almost filiform, horny, rigid, stuffed, tense and straight, smooth, date-brown, inserted at the base, which is in the form of a little fuscous-taw7iy, radiating membrane., slightly thickened and paler at the apex. Gills adnate, somewhat decurrent, very broad on account of the singular form of the pileus, higher than broad, distinct, distant, somewhat convex, whitish, turning light yellow. Among the most distinct species. The gills are much broader than long. Varying like A. campanella : B. smaller, the obsolete umbilicus of the same colour, stem thinner and without the radical membrane. Batsch f. 86. C. pileus conical, papillate. Compare A. phiala Ft. Dan. t. 1730. In mixed wood. Killin, 1876, &c. Sept. Name — pingo, to paint, adorn. From the various colours. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 189. Hym. Eur. p. 163. Icon. t. jj. f. 4. B. 6^ Br. n. 1647. S. Mycol. Scot, n, 203. C. Illust. PI. 273. 350. A. camptopliyllus Berk.— Pileus 12 mm. (>^ in.) broad, brown with a grey margin, convexo-plane, deeply striate, smooth, dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or more long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, minutely fistulose, somewhat flexuous, somewhat rigid, minutely pubescent, radiato-strigose at the base, at first yellow, when full L 1 62 AGARICUS. Omphaiia. grown pale above, pale rufescent below. Gills at first adnate, nearly plane, then ascending and suddenly decurrent, rather distant, white. Solitary or only subgregarious. There is no absolute depression, but only a flattening of the centre of the pileus. On sticks, &c. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Name — ndfinTO), to bend or curve ; vWov, a leaf. With bent gills ; elbow- gilled. Ber^. Eng. Fl. v, p. 62. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. ft. 224. Illust. PL 210. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 163. 351. A. umbratilis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, shining black-fiiscoiis, hoary when dry, somewhat membranaceous, obtusely canipa7iulate^ then convex and wnbilicate^ smooth, margin some- what striate. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, /(?//;^/^, tubular but flocculoso-stuffed internally, equal, even, smooth, fuscous - dead black. Gills adnato-decurrent, arctiate, crowded, broad, acute at both ends, becoming fuscous-white. Gregarious, tough, hygrophanous. In colours and external appearance it approaches A. retostus, but is easily distinguished by the crowded gills and other marks. It may rather be confounded with A. avibustus and A. atrahis, which however are removed from it by the characters of Collybia. It is larger than those nearest to it and remarkably distinct. On the ground among grass. Coed Coch. Autumn. Spores 6-7 X 4-5 mk. B. Name — umbratilis, remaining in shade. Perhaps in reference to colour, as Fries compares it with A. a?nbustus, A. atratus, and ^. retostus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 190. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Icoti. t. 77. f. 3. C. Illust. PL 274. 352. A. griseus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. {%. in.) broad, livid-grey then hoary, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, campanu- late then convex, somewhat papillate and at length slightly um- bilicate, not however expanded, smooth, striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slightly fir7n; cartilaginous, soon fistulose, slightly thickened at the apex, round, tense and straight, even, smooth, whitish-cinereoits^ longitudinally <5r/V//^, 7tot rooting. Gills shortly decurrent, distant, broad, rather thick, whitish-grey. Between Mycena and Omphaiia. It has an analogy as regards stature with A. campaiiella, and in both the pileus varies umbilicate or papillate. On account of the gills, however, which are truly though slightly decurrent, it must be referred to Omphaiia. It is allied to CaiithareUus replexus. In pine wood. Rare. Sept. Name — griseus, grey. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 191. Hvm. Eur. p. 164. Icon. t. 78./. I. Berk. Out. p. 133. C. Hbk. n. 225. Illust. PL 210. .S. MycoL Scot. 71. 204. LEUCOSPORI. 163 353. A. fibula Bull. — Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, normally Omphaiia. orange-yellow, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, mem- branaceous, hood-shaped then expanded, commonly umbilicate and at length wholly infundibuliform, smooth, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, stuffed when young, then fistulose, bristle-like, weak, smooth, but often pubescent under a lens, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, distant, distinct, broad, whitish. Very delicate but tough. The stem is sometimes firmer, tense and straight. The pileus is sometimes conical and papillate. The colour varies, becoming fuscous and wholly white. Mich. Gen. t. j^- /• 6. In alpine regions it is sometimes firmer (Fl. Dan. t. 1071, f. 2). In mossy ground. Common. Aug.-May. Fries notes that it is found plentifully in burnt places. Spores 3x2 mk. W.G.S.; 4-5x2 mk. B. 'Ha.me— fibula, a pin. From its shape. Bull. t. 186, 550. y, I. Fr. Mofiogr. \. p. 192. Hym. Eur. p. 164. Berk. Old. p. 133. C. Hbk. 71. 227. Ilhist. PI. 274. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 205. Sozu. t. 45. Quel. t^A-f-S- ■* A. Swartzii Fr. is a singular variation Q>i A. fibula. Firmer ; pileus at length rather plane, whitish, disc fuscous ; stem whitish, somewhat violaceous at the apex. It is remarkable, and in its own localities (groves abounding in springs) a constant form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 164. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 205. C. Illust. PI. 274. c. 354. A. directus B. & Br. White; very slender. — Pileus nail- shaped, plane at the apex. Stem not 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, thread- like, slightly rufous, ascending, clothed with long hairs towards the base. Grills deeply decurrent. On dead leaves. Chiselhurst, 1865, »S:c. May-Nov. Name — directus, straight. Straight -stemmed. B. 6^ Br. n. 193 1. C. Illust. PI. 251. a. 355. A. Bellise Johnst.— Pileus 12 mm. {Yz in.) broad, of a pale wood-brown hue, membranaceous, inverted, deeply cyathiform, smooth, waved and furrowed at the edge. Stem 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, erect, stiff and elastic, smooth, pale above, brownish below. Gills decurrent, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, rather distant, thick, more or less undulated, wrinkled on the sides and in the interstices with flexuous veins, once or twice divided near the edge, of a dull chalky white. Pileus becoming paler when dry. Stem white or very pale wood-brown above, towards the base of a dirty dark brown, becoming paler when dry, then apparently mealy ; root slightly incrassated, bent, fixed by a dense cottony web. Spores oblong, colourless, pellucid. 164 AGARICUS. Omphaiia. On dead stems of reed. Berwickshire. Oct. Name— after Miss Bell. Johnst. — Berk. Ann. Nat. Hist. Ser. i. Vol. vi. t. 10./". I. Ozct. p. 134. C. Hbk. n. 229. Illust. PL 251. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 165. 356. A. gracillimus Weinm. Snoiv-white. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, membranaceous, hemispherical, sometimes papil- late, sometimes umbilicate, but never inverted, flocndose then becoming smooth, silicate at the sides. Stem 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) long", delicately fistulose, bristle-like., soft, inserted by a floccose base. Gills decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, the alternate ones dimidiate. It resembles smaller forms of A. fibula, but is always thinner, less tough, withering, wholly shijiivg white, and sojuewhat flocculose when young. In many particulars it agrees with A. stellatus, but is thinner, and is certainly distinct in the form of the pileus, which is at first floccose, and in the thin gills. In marshy ground on decaying stems. Rare. Aug. Spores 6-7 X 3 mk. B. Name — gracilis, slender. Very sle?ider. Wei7nn. Ross. p. 121. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 165. Icon. t. 75. f. 5. B. fir" Br. ??. 1112. C. Hbk. n. 2.2.^. Illust. PI. 252. S. My col. Scot. n. 207. 357. A. ■bullula Brig. Wholly shining white. — Pileus mem- branaceous, hemispherical, diaphanous. Stem very thin, filiform. Gills far apart, arcuato-decurrent. Very small. Scattered. On dead sticks. Coed Coch. Name — bullula, a watery vesicle. From its diaphanous appearance. Brig, t. xvi./. I. B. ^r' Br. n. 1753. C. Illust. PL 252. b. ■^* Integrelli, Gills fold-like, narrow. 358. A. integrellus Pers. Wholly white. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, membranaceous, conical when young, soon hemispherical, most frequently irregularly shaped, w^hen flattened 12 mm. (^ in.) broad and depressed at the disc, striate at the margin. Stem as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, delicately fistu- lose, thin hM\. slightly firm., pilose downwards and adnate often with a small villous bulb at the base. Gills decurrent, 7tarrow, in the form of folds, dista?it, commonly disappearing short of the margin of the pileus, equal or branched, acute at the edge. The stem is incun^ed when growing on wood. The gills are equal or branched as in Cantharelli, but with an acute edge. Small, commonly fas- ciculate (especially on wood), fragile, changeable in form. In shady places, on decayed sticks, &lc. Uncommon. Oct.- Nov. LEUCOSPORI. i6s Spores 6-7 X 4 mk. ^. Name — integer, \sh.o\Q. Minute but perfect. PtTj-. Omphalia. Ic. ^ descr. t. 13. _/. 5. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 193. Hym. Eur. p. 165. Icon. t. 7S-/- 6. Berk. Out. i). 134. C. Hbk. n. 230. Illust. PI. 252. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 208. A. buccinalis Sow. /. 107. An uncertain species. Fries {Hym. Eur. p. 162) says it approaches A. stellatiis chiefly in the stellate base, but from the slightly fleshy pileus it is perhaps a young form of A. tunbelliferus, Berkeley {B. &^ Br. n. 1930*) says, " This is certainly no form of A. umbelliferiis ; and it is too fleshy to be the same as A. stellatiis. It is, as Sowerby says, not uncommon. It has the habit of A. ptychophyllus Cd., a species not noticed by Fries ; but the gills are not plicate." C. Illust. PI. 272. a. Subgenus IX. PLEUROTUS {'KK^vp6v, a side ; ols, an ear). Fr. pieurotus. Syst. Myc. i. p. 178. Stem excentric, lateral, or none. Epiphytal {very rarely groiviiig oji the ground), irregular, fleshy or membranaceous. The Pleuroti are very easily dis- tinguished from the subgenera with cartilaginous stems (VI. -VIII.); but from the other subgenera, which have the hymenophore continuous with the stem (III.-V.), they are only distinguished by their place of growth being on wood. For many Pleuroti of the first section when growing ver- tically — e.g., A. corticatus, ulmarius, spodoleiicus — have the stem central and the pileus regular and horizon- tal. On the contrary, various species x. Agaricus {Pieurotus) cortkatus. of Clitocybae and Omphaliae in a One-sixth natural size, slanting situation, especially on the sides of roads, vary in form and become excentric and oblique. Among the Lactarii, Cantharelli, Marasmii, and all the last gen- era of the Agaricini, there are also forms analogous to the Pleuroti. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 166. The species are very polymorphous. Usually late in the year (but A. ostreatus also occurs in spring). Most are mild, and some — e.g., A. ulmarius, tessulatus, ostreatus — are edible. I. Excentrici. Pileus entire, laterally extended, excentric, so that here and there it appears lateral ; but more attentively observed there is noticed even 1 66 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. on the mutilated side a thin margin whereby forms of this sort differ from truly dimidiate species. * Veil forming a ri)ig. Lepiotarii. ** Veil no?ie, gills sinuate or obtusely adnate. *** Veil none ; gills deeply decu7-re?it ; stem distinct, somewhat vertical. **** Veil no?ie ; gills deeply decurrent ; pileus (seemingly) lateral, sessile or extended behind into a short, oblique, stem-like base. II, Dimidiatae. Pileus definitely lateral, immarginate behind, not at the first resupinate. III. Resupinati. Pileus at the first resupinate, with the gills meeting in an excentric point, then reflexed, sessile. * Pileus fleshy, tiniform. ** Pileus fleshy, striate, with an upper gelatinous stratum or viscous pellicle. *** Pileus me7nbranaceous, not viscid. I. — EXCENTRICI. * Veil forming a ring, 359. A. corticatus Fr. — Pileus 5-15 cent. (2-6 in.) broad, grey then whitish, very compact, convex then flattened, somewhat disc- shaped, horizontal, always e7itire, although excentric, when young everywhere covered with dense grey down, which separates into floccose scales on the whitish pileus when it is more flattened, margin when young closely involute; flesh hard, shining white. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, solid, hard, rooted, uiore or less exce?itr'ic, curved-ascending, some- what equal, squamuloso-fibrillose, white. Ring silky-floccose, moderately thick, white, ruptured in a torn manner, adhering alike to the stem and the margin of the pileus, at length vanish- ing. Gills deeply decurrent, anasto??iosi?ig behi?td, also dichoto- mously branched, somewhat distant, distinct, white, or becoming yellow when old. Very compact and hard. Commonly solitary, sometimes casspitose. The down with which the pileus is covered corresponds with the universal veil of the Lcpiotce. The flesh is not so thick as that oi A. dryinus. The gills anas- tomose behind like those of^. ostreatus, and vary in breadth according to stature. On decayed ash, elm, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Smell rather strong. Perhaps too closely allied to A. dryinus. B. b' Br. Spores 14x6 mk. W.G.S.; 12-14 x 4 mk. B. Name — cortex, bark. From its thick covering. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 236. Hy?n. Eur. p. 166. B. ^ Br. n. 995 (not Saund. & Sm.) C. Hbk. n. 109. Illust. PL 290. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 209. 360. A. dryinus Pers.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, whitish, variegated with spot-like scales which become fiiscons, lateral, ob- LEUCOSPORI. 167 lique, rather plane ; flesh thick. Stem very curt and obese, com- Pleurotus. monly 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thick, somewhat lateral, somewhat woody, squamulose, white, with a short, blunt root. Veil scarcely conspicuous on the stem, but appendiculate round the margin of the pileus when young. Gills not very decurrent, soineivat simple, not anastomosing behind, narrow, white, becoming yellow when old. The veil is almost that ol A. coi-ticahis. The flesh is the same but thicker, and not so much thinned out towards the margin. The gills are narrower and less distant, but both agree in the gills becoming yellow when old. In reality it is allied to A. corticaHis, but the stem is definitely lateral ; other- wise smaller, harder and mo?'e brawny. On trunks, oak, ash, willow^, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Pileus 18 mm.-7.5 cent. (^-3 in.) broad, margin involute. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high (in my specimens elongated from growing in a hollow ash), atten- uated downwards. The plant assumes partially a yellowish tint when dry or cut. M.y.B. I have seen the plant growing in a hollow ash with the features exactly as described by Berkeley. Spores 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— 5pvs, oak. From its most frequent habitat. Pers. Syn. p. 478. Fr. Monogr. i. f. 237- Hym. Eur. p. 167. Berk. Eng. PL v. p. 70. Out. p. 134. C. Hbk. 71. no. Illust. PL 226. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 210. Hussey \\. t. 29,33. Vent. t. 44. yC I, 2. A. dimidiatus Sch(sff. t. 233. 361. A. spongiosus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, tomentose with persistent cinereous down, fleshy, excentric, some- what lateral, pulvinate ; flesh laxly floccose, white. Stem very short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, or sometimes almost none, incurved, not rooted, very excentric, white, tomentose. Ring white, soon torn, appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, at length quite vanishing. Gills sinuato-adnexed, with a decurrent tooth, simple, separate, but crowded, quite entire, white. The flesh is soon pierced by insects like that of A. ostreatus. The gills vary in breadth with the age of the plant. It seems to be widely removed from A. dryinus, &c., in the substance being fleshy-spongy like that of ^. ostre- atus, but still softer, as well as in the gills being sinuato-adnexed, but the veil is quite the same. A very remarkable species. On rotten beech and mossy stumps. Rare. Oct.-Nov. The gills become beautifully yellow when old and dried. At a httle distance it has exactly the appearance oi Polypo7'us betulifuts. Fries notes that it grows among mosSjOn living beech trunks. Spores 11x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — spongia, a sponge. From its texture. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 237. Hym. Eur. p. 167. B. b' Br. n. 1218. C. Hbk. n. in. Illust. PL 253. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885. /. 21. ■^* Veil none, gills sinuate or obtusely adnate. 362. A. ulmarius Bull. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) and more broad, becoming pale-livid, often marbled with round spots, fleshy, 1 68 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. compact, horizontal, moderately regular although more or less excentric, convex then plane, disc-shaped, even, smooth ; flesh white, tough. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, elastic, somewhat excentric, curved-ascending, thicke7ied and tomentose at the base, not rarely villous throughout, white. Gills horizontal, emargmate or rounded behi?td, slightly adnexed, broad (broader in the middle), somewhat crowded, whitish. The pileus is sometimes cracked in a tesselated manner. Among the larger and more robust species, with a slightly acid odour which is not unpleasant. Commonly solitary. Pileus ochrey white, Price f. 83. B. Vertical, with a central stem. On trunks, especially elm. Uncommon. Sept.-Dec. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. Edible, but so uncommon as to be of little value. Name — uhnus, elm. Bull. t. 510. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 239. Hym. Eur. p. 167. Berk. Out. p. 134. B. &- Br. n. 1853*. C. Hbk. n. 112. Illust. PL 227. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 211. Sozi}. t. 67. Vittad. Mang. t. 23. Fr. dtl. Svamp. t. 37. 363. A. tessulatus Bull. — Pileus becoming pale-tawny, horizon- tal, compactly fleshy, convex then plane, and in a form which is somewhat lateral depressed behind, irregular, even, smooth, varie- gated with round and hexagonal paler spots; flesh thick, white. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, solid, compact, equal or attenuated at the base, very excentric, curved-ascending, even, smooth, white. Gills sinuate behind, uncinato-adnate, thin, crowded, white or becoming yellow. Solitary ; according to some casspitose. The pileus is not cracked in a tesselated manner, as one might easily imagine from the name, but variegated with spots. Smaller than A. ulmarius (to which it is too closely allied), but almost more compact, with a smell of new meal. On trunks. Coed Coch, &c. Name — tessela, a small cube for pavement. From the tesselated markings on the pileus. B^ill. t. 513./^ i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 239. Hym. Eur. p. 168. B. df Br. n. 1853*. C. Illust. PI. 254. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. n. 65. t. 2.2,. f. 4. 364. A. subpalmatus Fr. Wholly more or less rufescent. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, fleshy, but /;z 710 wise cojnpact, convex then flattened, obtuse, imbricated and glued together, horizontal, more or less excentric, smooth, but clothed with a thick, gelatinous-tough, closely adnate pellicle, which distils limpid rufescent drops with an astringent taste ; towards the margin, w^hich is at first involute, the pellicle is reticulato-corrugated. Stems 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 12 mm. {yi in.) thick, numerous, solid, b\ii Jibrotcs-soft, and at length also hollow, equal, curved- LEUCOSPORI. 169 ascending, smooth, but " fibrilloso-striate," variegated with white Pleurotus. and flesh-colour. Gills rounded behind, joined in a collar, not adnate to the stem itself, broad, crowded, rufescent, paler than the pileus. Csespitose. A very remarkable species, with the flesh variegated like that of Fistulina. On squared timber, trunks, &c. Rare. Oct.-Nov. Pileus of a beautiful pale orange-buff or nankeen colour, pruinose ; margin beautifully reticulated like the hymenium of a Mernlius. M.J.B. Spores 4x6 Tcik.W.G.S. ; spherical, finely granular, 7 mk. Q. Name — sub, and palma, palm. Somewhat palmate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 240. Hym. Eur. p. 168. Bei'k. Out. p. 135. C. Hbk. n. 113. llhcst. PL 255. A. palmatus Sow. t. 62, not Bull. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. j'^. 365. A. craspedius Fr. — Pileus as much as 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, brick-colotir, more or less excentric, sometimes some- what lateral, but marginate behind, fleshy, thin and at length almost membranaceous towards the margin, flaccid, plane, de- pressed behind when very excentric, even, smooth, somewhat moist, but without a separable pellicle j margin at first involute, then evolute, elegantly crenato-lobed and fimbriate ; flesh thin, watery, white when dry. Stem in some 2.5 cent, (i in.), in others as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long and then twisted or compressed, 1-2.5 cent. (X"~i in.) thick, solid, firm, elastic, internally spongy, very unequal, sometimes thickened at the base, sometimes equal, pallid, commonly smooth or slightly villous at the base. Gills wliolly adnate, not sinuate, obtuse behind, very thin, crowded and narrow, at length lacerated, shining white. With autumn rain the pileus becomes pale-tan, sometimes cinereous. Csespitose. It connects in a remarkable manner species which are otherwise very different, on the one hand A. ulmarius and A. palmatus, and on the other A. fiinbriatus and A. lignatilis; it has the robust stem and habit of the former, but the thin pileus and very narrow very crowded gills of the latter. On trunks and rotten wood. Ratton, Eastbourne, 1852. Sept. Var. Pileus pale fawn-colour, regularly and broadly furrowed, concave when full grown, the centre covered with radiating adpressed tomentum ; stem pale buff, very stout, thick, solid and excentric, curving upwards and covered with velvet-like pubescence; gills pale pinkish-white or cream-coloured ; flesh white. Much eaten by slugs. W.G.S. Name — crassus, thick; pes, a foot. Thick-stemmed. Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 241. Hyvi. Etir. p. 169. Icon. t. 86. f. 2. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1219. C. Hbk. n. 114. Illust. PI. 256. Var. Saund 6= Sm. t. 7. 366. A. fimbriatus Bolt.— Pileus hyaline, whitish, hygrophan- otcs, slightly Jle shy, con vexo -plane when young, at length infinidi- biilifonn, more or less excentric, occasionally lateral, niargi?i very simuito-lobed SiVid. incised, the surface when full grown even and lyo AGARICUS. Pleurotus. smooth ; flesh thin, tough, watery-pallid. Stem very short, about 12 mm. {}4 in.) long, 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) thick, stuffed then hol- low, somewhat equal, round or compressed, tough, even, pubes- cent at the base. Gills wholly adiiate, horizontal, at length ascending and divergent in the lobes of the reflexed pileus, very narrow, very thi?i, very crowded, white. Very polymorphous, gregarious, somewhat casspitose. A remarkable species ; from its most manifest affinity with A. lignatilis, it may readily be believed that tht* pileus is at first pruinose. Odour of new meal, obsolete. On dead trunks. Rare. Aug.-Jan. Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. In the figure of Bolton the pileus is more crisped -fimbriate than in the specimens of Fries. Esculent, but so rare that it is valueless. '^2imQ—Jimbri(B, fringe. With/ringed margin. Bo/^. t. 61. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 242. Hy7n. Eur. p. 169. Berk. Out. p. 135. B. &» Br. n. 672*. C. Hbk. n. 115. Illust. PL 178. Sterb. t. 15. B. 367. A. Ruthse B. & Br.— Pileus 4 cent. (i>^ in.) broad, whit- ish, fan-shaped, slightly hispid above the gelatinous stratum, the very thin margin striate. Stem short, lateral, hispid. Gills white, rather broad, acute behind, anastomosing, with a reddish tinge like that of the stem, interstices veined. The pileus is of a dirty white, with a hyaline aspect. Mycelium fibrous. On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name— after Miss Ruth Berkeley. B. ^ Br. n. 1754. C. Illust. PI. 178. 2. 368. A. lignatilis Fr. Dingy whitish.— Pileus 2.5 to 7.5- 10 cent, (i to 3-4 in.) broad, rarely central, commonly more or less excentric, occasionally wholly lateral, often reniform, fleshy, thin, but compact and tough, fissile, convex then plane, obtuse and often \imh\\\c3i\.t,_/locciiloso-prtnnate, at length denud- ed with rain, repand, margin at first involute then expanded, un- dulato-lobed when luxuriant. Stem sometimes 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) sometimes 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) long (even obliterated), stuffed then hollow, always thi7i, unequal, curved or flexuous, tough and flexile, whitish, everywhere pruinato-villous, rooting and some- what tomentose at the base. Gills adnate, very crowded and narrow, unequal, divergent in the lobes, shining white. Exceedingly variable, wholly inconstant in form ; substance thin and pliant ; commonly densely caespitose, but also single. Odour strong of new meal. Of its many forms one is conspicuous : var. tephrocephalus, pileus more compact, disc black, then cinereous, margin white. On wood, beech, &c. Burnham Beeches, 1863, &c. Parasitic on a rotten plant of Polyporus annosus on elm. W.G.S. Spores subsphasroid, 4-5 mk. K. ; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — lignum, wood. Grow- LEUCOSPORI. 171 ing on wood. Fr. Monogr. i. f. 243, Hytn. Eur. p. 169. B. Gf Br. n. 996. Pleurotus. C. Hbk. n. 116. Illust. PI. 257. a. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 22. Saiind. &= Sm. t. 6.f. 2, Fl. Dan. t. 1797. Ag. Marklini T7-att. Austr. t. 28. 369. A. circinatus Fr. Wholly white, not hygrophanous. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, orbicular, horizontal, fleshy, tough, convex then piano-disc-shaped, obtuse, even, but covered over with a shining whitish slightly silky lustre. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, sticffed, elastic, equal, central or slightly excentric, commonly straight, smooth, bluntly- rooted at the base. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent, crowded, broad (as much as 6 mm., 3 lin.), white. An exceedingly distinct species. Regular, solitary, with a weak, pleasant, not mealy odour. The pileus is a little thicker than that of A. lignatilis, but less compact ; the gills are twice as broad. As A. lignatilis is changeable, this is always constant in form. On rotting birch stump. Rare. Oct. Name — circino, to make round with compasses. From its very regular or- bicular shape. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 244. Hy?n. Eur. p. 170. Icon. t. 88./. i. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1220. C. Hbk. n. 117. Illust. PL 257. b. *** Veil no7iej gills deeply decurrent j stem distinct, &^c. 370. A. pantoleucus Fr. Wholly white. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, fleshy, excentric, dimidiate, spathulate and slightly convex, ev^en, smooth, some- what depressed and marginate behind ; margin equal, entire. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, 12 mm. {}i in.) and more thick, solid, asce?tdi?tg, very excentric, equal or attenuated downwards, Jiot rooted, even, smooth. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, simple, separate at the base. The disc of the pileus is often opaque. Solitary, firm. There is a smaller form with the pileus more regular and somewhat umbilicate. On trunks, willow, &c. Coed Coch, 1881. Oct. Spores 8-10x3-4 mk. W.P. Name — iras, all; Aevxos, white. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 172. Icon. t. 88./ 2. B. &f Br. n. 1932. C. Illust. PI. i-jg, 275. A. spodoleucus albus Fr. Monogr. i. p. 246, 473. 371. A. mutilus Fr. Wholly white. — Pileus very excentric or wholly lateral, slightly Jleshy, soft, tough, reniform, spathulate, (Sic, depressed behind, somewhat umbilicate, otherwise ascending, silky whe7t dry, becoming smooth. Stem 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, erect or ascending, excentric or somewhat lateral, roimd, solid, tough, smooth except at the 172 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. villous base. Gills decurrent, somewhat crowded, narrow, rather thick, simple. Exceedingly changeable in form, but most distinct from the rest, tJiiJi, for the most part springing from an effused flaxy mycelium which is of the same colour. On grassy open hillside. Penzance, 1869, &c. Aug.-Dec. Name — mutilus, maimed. Perhaps from its variety of form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 247. Hyin. Eur. p. 173. Ico7i. t. 88./". 4. B. 5?= Br. ?i. 1221, 1647. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 212. C. Illust. PL 275. Omphalomyces mutilus Batt. t. ix. f. e. *-)f-x-5«- y^^i none; gills deeply decurre7tt ; pileus sessile, &^c. 372. A. ostreatus Jacq. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, when young almost becoming black, soon becoming pale., fuscous- cinereous, passing into yellow when old, fleshy, soft, conchate, somewhat dimidiate, ascending, smooth, moist, even, but some- times with the cuticle torn into squamules. Stem shortened or obliterated, firm, elastic, ascending obliquely, thickenijig upwards, white, strigoso-villous at the base. Gills decicrre?it, aiiastomosing behiiid, somewhat distant, broad, white, sometimes turning light yellow, a7id witliout glandules. For the most part casspitose, imbricated, very variable, sometimes almost central. The pileus is at first convex and horizontal, then expanded and ascending. In the anastomosing gills it agrees with A. corticatus and A.glan- dulosus, and differs from all neighbouring species. There are numerous varie- ties : Jlavo virens Brig. t. 44. f. 1-3, melanodon Brig. t. 45. f. 1-3. !?izenga t. 4. /. 2, small, single, pileus black. There is another more remarkable form with the stem distinct and the pileus horizontal. Fl. Dan. t. 891. Viviafi. t. 42. On trees, especially laburnum. Frequent. Autumn-Spring. Berkeley notes having seen the species with glandular gills. He also de- scribes the gills as serrated and umber at the edge. Badham describes the gills as " standing out sharp and erect like the fine flutings of a column, wind- ing down the stalk to different lengths, and ihose that reach the bottom form- ing there a beautiful raised meshwork highly characteristic." Known as the Oyster fungus, but this is from its shape, not its taste. Long celebrated for its esculent qualities. Clus. Esc. gen. vi. It must be carefully distinguished from A. euosmus which is unsafe. Remarkable for enduring cold. Spores 8x4 mk. VV.G.S. Name — ostrca, oyster. From its shape. Jacq. Austr. t. 288. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 245. Hyvi. Eur. p. 173. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 46. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 71. Out. p. 135. C. Hbk. n. 118. Illust. PL 195. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 213. Sow. t. 241. Husscy ii. /. 19. Badh. i. t. 2. ii. t. 10. Vittad. Mang. t. 4. Krombh. t. 41. Ventur. t. 17. Brig. t. 43./". i, 2. A. dimidiatus Bull. t. 508. 373. A. euosmus Berk. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, at first white, invested with a light blue varnish, at length of a light brown, depressed, shining and satiny when dry. Stems short or obsolete, confluent. Gills very decurrent, rather broad, ventricose, dingy white. LEUCOSPORI. 173 Imbricated, strong-scented. Pilei very much crowded. Stem distinct above, Pleurotus. connate below. Gills running down to the bottom of the free portion of the stem. Spores oblong, narrow, oblique, whitish, tinged with pink. Somewhat resembling A. ostreatus, but distinguished by its peculiar scent like that of tarragon, and by its pale lilac spores. Not esculent. On elm posts and stumps. Uncommon. Spring-Autumn. On the authority of Berkeley, who still regards it as a good species, belong- ing to Leucospori (as exceptional) notwithstanding the tinge of colour in the spores, I retain it here. Name — evoo-jaos, sweet-smelling. Berk, Out. p. 135. B. 6^ Br. n. 326. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 214. Hussey i. t. 75. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 174. A. (Claudopus) euosmus C. Hbk. n. 271. A. ostreatus var. euosmus C. Illust. PL 196. 374. A. revolutus Kickx. — Pileus at first smoky then lead and mouse colours, darker in the centre, fleshy, firm, elastic, convexo- plane, smooth, slightly shining, depressed behind, margiii in- cin'ved. Stem curt, thicjc, smooth or pubescent. Gills decurrent, distinct, serrulated, white. Solitary, or a few joined together. It seems too closely allied to A. saligiius. On trunks, poplar, &c. Penzance. It is clearly the same with A. corticatus Saund. & Sm. t. 4, f. 2. The stem is short, but distinct and swollen. B. 6^ Br. Fries regarded A. corticatus Saund. «& Sm. as a remarkable variety of ^. salig?ius, an opinion which must give place to that of Berkeley. Name — revolutus, unrolled. From the un- rolling of the involute margin. Kickx. p. 158. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 174. B. <£r^ Br. 71. 1933. C. Illust. PL 180. A. corticatus Saund. &f Sm. t. 4./. 2. 375. A. salignus Abb. d. Schw. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuliginous-cinereous or ochraceous, fleshy, compact, spongy., somewhat dimidiate, horizontal, at first pulvinate, even, at length depressed behind and here and there strigose, the incurved mar- gin entire. Stem always short, firm, more or less tomentose. Gills horizontal, hence less manifestly decurrent, separate behind, but branched m the middle, crowded, dingy, often eroded at the edge, not glandular. Among the larger and firmer species. Solitary, scarcely ever caespitose. It is commonly confounded with A. ostreatus, but is certainly a different species. Although the stature is in general the same, it is easily distinguished by the pileus being compact, and more pulvinate when young, then depressed, by the gills being thinner, more crowded, somewhat branched, but not atiasto/nosing behind, and dingy-fuliginous ; the spores also are dingy. On trunks, willow, alder, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Jan. Spores oblong or cylindrical-oblong, 14-15 mk. K. ; 8x4 mk. IF.G.5". / 8-10 X 3-4 mk. Z/. Name — sa lix, w'lWow. Abbild. d. Schwam.fasc. 3. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 246. Hym. Eur. p. 174. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 119. Illust. PL ■2'2'i. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 215. Letell. t. 687. Trati. Austr. t. 8. 376. A. acerinus Fr. Shining white. — Pileus 2.5-10 cent, (i- 174 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. 4 in.) broad, fleshy, thin, unequal, silky-villous, not hygrophanous. Stem somewhat lateral, thin or obsolete, villous. Gills decurrent, very crowded, thin, white, then becoming yellow. Tough. Allied to A. lignatilis. On plane and ash. Walthamstow, &c. Name — acer, maple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 175. B. b' Br. n, 2000. C. Illust. PL 291. II. — DiMIDIATI. 377. A. petaloides Bull.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long,///^- coiis, becoming pale, dimidiate, fleshy, but in no wise compact, rather plane, somewhat spathiilate, con- tinuous with the stem and depressed behind, hence the villous down of the stem ascends to this point (the disc) of the pileus, otherwise smooth, even, margin at first involute, then expanded. Stem about 12 mm. (>^ in.) long, some- times however very short, solid, firm, compressed, chamielled when larger, more or less villous, whitish. GiUs deciirre7it, very crowded, very narrow (scarcely beyond 2 mm. broad), linear, very unequal, white then cinereous. XI. Agaricus (^Pleurotus) mitis. Natural size. Section three times natural size. Taste bitter. The form on wood is some- what horizontal, gregarious, here and there imbricated. B. spathulatus Pers. Obs. i. /. 4./. I, erect, growing on the ground. The stem is channelled especially in the variety. It varies much even in colour ; the forms growing on the ground, which are somewhat vertical with the margin reflexed, are especially remarkable, and smaller specimens almost pass into A. tremulus. In one most remarkable form the pileus is red : Ltre in Pers. M. E. 3. /. 25. /. 6. On stumps and on the ground. Rare. Spores 8x4 mk. W. G. S. Name— from fancied resemblance in shape to the petal of a flower. Bull. t. 226, 557. /. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 248. Hym. Eur. p. 175. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 120. Illt^st. PI. 258. a. Ventur. t. 44./. 5, 6. 378. A. pulmonarius Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, cinereous., continuous with the stem, fleshy, soft, but \.om<^, flaccid., obovate or reniform, plane or reflexo-conchate at the margin, even, smooth; flesh thin, soft, white. Stem very short, solid, exactly lateral, horizontal or ascending, roimd, villous, expanded into the pileus. Gills decurrent but e7idi7ig deter7niiiately, moderately LEUCOSPORI. 175 broad, distinct, not branched or anastomosing at the base, livid or Pieurotus. ci7iereoiis. The primary form is solitary. The pileus is cinereous-tan when dried. It differs from A. salig/nis aUke in the definitely lateral stem, and in the thin flaccid pileus. Var. Juglandis caespitose, smaller, attenuato-sessile at the base, becoming fuscous. On trunks. Aberdeen Fungus Show, 1874. Sept. Spores 8-10x2-3 mk. B. Name — pubno, lung. From its texture. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 248, Hyjn. Fait. p. 176. B. &f Br. n. 1522. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 216. Paul. t. 21. Var. Juglandis Fr. Icon. t. 87. /. 2. 379. A. serotinus Schrad.— Pileus 1-7.5 cent. (^-3 in.) broad, yellow-green, fuliginous-olivaceous, &c., thick, at first gibbous- convex, then plane and ascending, reniform or obovate, even, smooth, covered with a pellicle which is viscous in wet weather; margin at the first shortly involute, at length expanded, somewhat repand; flesh whitish. Stem not exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, but most frequently shorter and obliterated, lateral, solid, thick, irregularly shaped, becoming yellow, dotted with ftdiginoics sqiiam- ules, which are crowded into a fuliginous zone near the gills. Gills ending determinately, not truly decurrent, narrow, crowded, often branched, typically light yellow. The stem is rarely fringed with lobes all round as if the pileus extended on all sides. The gills appear as if decurrent when the pileus is arched or con- chate. They vary in colour, more rarely pallid and flesh colour, also with the edge dotted-fuliginous from the squamules of the stem ascending upon them. The flesh is almost tasteless. Gregarious or imbricato-caespitose, very fleshy, compact when young, then softer. Widely distinct from all others. On trunks, ash and birch. Uncommon. Nov.-Dec. Name — serotinus, late. Schrad. in Abbild. d. Schwdmm. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 249. Hy7n. Eur. p. 176. Berk. Out. p. 136. C. Hbk. n. 121. Illust. PI. 258. b. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 217. A. stipticus var. Fl. Dan. t. 1293./. 2. 380. A. mitis Pers. — Pileus about 12 mm. (>< in.) broad, rufes- cent or whitish, slightly fleshy, continuous with the stem in a straight line (not reflexed) and horizontal, renifor?n, even, smooth, and without a viscid pellicle; flesh thin, pliant, white. Stem 12 mm. {yz in.) long, sometimes however very short, solid, definitely lateral, co7npressed arid dilated upwards, sprinkled with zuhite mealy squamules. GiUs ending definitely, very crowded, linear- lanceolate, simple, white. Gregarious, but scarcely ever caespitose, tough, insipid. In form and stature it is like Panus stipticus, which is cinnamon, coriaceous, distinct in its gills being connected by veins, &c. On dead fir, &c. Common. Autumn-Winter. 176 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. The stem becomes at length obsolete, and the pilei overlap each other. Name — mitis, mild. From its insipid taste. Pers. Syn. p. 481 (but not the fig. in Obs. Myc.) Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 249. Hym. Eur. p. 177. Berk. Out. p. 136. /. 6./. 9. C. Hbk. n. 122. Illust. PI. 258. b. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 218. 381. A. gadinoides Sm. Whole plant white.—Pileus rather fleshy, tender, dimidiate, clothed with fine adpressed flocci, hygro- phanous, with no gelatinous upper stratum. Stem minute, lateral or none. Gills somewhat crowded, slightly branched. Allied to A. mitis. Spores 8x3 mk. On tree-fern stems. Chelsea, 1872. May. Name — from Gadifiia, the name of a beautiful white bivalve. Smith in Jou7'n. Bot. 1873. p. 65. C. Illust. PI. 276. a. 382. A. limpidus Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) hyaline- white when moist, shining white when dry, slightly fleshy, obovate or reniform, horizontal, even, sviooth, hygropha?ioi(s, and without a viscous pellicle, margin very thin, shortly inflexed. No separate stem, but the pileus is narrowed behind into a stem-like base. Gills thin, crowded, decurrent at the base, white. It cannot be confounded with any other, and can only be compared with A. mitis. Its habit and substance are almost the same as those of A. viitis, but it is somezvhat sessile a7id zvholly shi7iing white. The rudimentary stem is neither squamulose nor villous. The gills are decurrent on the stem-like base, but end determinately. Taste mild. On old ash-stump. Penzance, &c. Name — li77ipidus, clear, pellucid. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 250. Hy77i. Eur. p. 177. Ico7i. t. 88./. 3. B. 6^ Br. 7i. 2001. C. Illust. PI. 276. 383. A. reniformis Fr. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, ci7iereous, slightly fleshy, horizontal, reniform, plane, emarginate behind, the regular margin entire, spreading; flesh very thin, somewhat gelatinous, diaphanous. Stem a very short villous rudi- ment. Gills running o\x\. from the stem-like tubercle, and diver- gent, thin, linear, grey. On branches of silver-fir, &c. Glamis, 1877, &c. Aug.-Oct. Name — reTies, the kidneys ; fo7-f7ia, form. Kidney-shaped. Fr. Hy77i. Eur. p. 177. Ico7i. t. 89. /. 3. B. b= Br. 71. 1648. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 219. C. Illust. PI. 276. 384. A. lauro-cerasi B. &. Br. — Pileus rather more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, brown, oyster-shaped, sulcate, cuticle very thin. Stem obsolete. Gills connected by veins. The cuticle is extremely thin, and gives way at the furrows, so as to expose the substance of the pileus. LEUCOSPORI. 177 On the naked trunk of a laurel. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct. Pieurotus. Spores ovate, .0008 millim. long. B. 6^ Br.; 8x11 mk. W.P. Name — Laurus cerasus, cherry-laurel. B. 6^ Br. n. 1854. C, Illust. PI. 242. a. 385. A. tremulus Schasff. — Pileus about 12 mm. {Yz in.) broad, fuscous-grey, becoming pale, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, dimidi- ate, somewhat horizontal, renifonn, plane, depressed and often villous behind, otherwise smooth, even. Stem 12 mm. {yi in.) long, sometimes very short, distinct, exactly lateral, ascending- vertical, round, somewhat thin (4 mm., 2 lin.) and dilated tipwards, grey. Gills adnate, or, when the pileus is more evidently de- pressed, decurrent, but determinate, linear, narrow, somewhat dista7it, very unequal, grey. Stem fixed to mosses by fibrils at the base. Changeable like neighbouring species. The whole plant stiff. Solitary. There is a remarkable form with the stem slender, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, wholly rounded, with the thinner diaphanous pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, here and there infundibuliform, fringed with lobes all round, and with the gills in no wise decurrent. On the ground, moss, fungi, &c. Rare. Aug.-Dec. Stem attached to the matrix by a woolly mass. M.jf.B. Name — tremulus, tremulous. Schceff. t. 22^ (but/, i, 2 with the stem channelled incline to A. petaloides). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 250. Hym. Eur. -p. 177. Berk. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. 71. 123. Illust. PL 242. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 220. Sow. t. 242. 386. A. acerosus Fr. — Pileus grey, silky-white when dry, membranaceous, reniform, plane, striate, somewhat lobed. Stem very short or obsolete, lateral, somewhat strigose at the base. Gills determinate, linear, crowded, single, grey. So protean that it is necessary to describe the primary forms separately : A. YA^\ grey, silky-white zvhen dry, mevibranaceous, st?-iate when damp. Stem short, 6 mm. (3 hn.) long, round, strigoso-hispid, as if composed of many to- gether, bearing many small pilei which resemble a lobed pileus 2,5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad. Gills horizontal, determinate, xvoX. ^Q.c\xxxQ.Xi\, scarcely some- what distant, of the same colour as the pileus. B. Pileus membranaceous, plane, reniform or orbicular, most frequently lobed, flaccid, when fresh striate and grey. Stem scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) long and broad, lateral, compressed, villous. Gills linear, very narrow, crowded, many unequal, grey. C. Pileus fuscous when moist, hoary when dry, membranaceous, flaccid, reniform, wholly horizontal, depressed behind and strigose at the disc, slightly striate at the margin, undulated, fringed all round when larger. Stem lateral, very short or almost none. Gills decurrent, not very crowded, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, fuscous-cinereous, not becoming pale like the former. D. Horizontal, somewhat sessile with the pileus in a white tomentose mycelium which is effused on mosses, wedge-shaped, wholly glaucous when fresh, fulig- inous-fuscous when dry, soft and flaccid, scarcely striate, and only adhering behind to a point, villous. Gills simple, thin, plane, linear. A on fallen fir- twigs in dense woods. B on rotten wood of Pinus silvcstris in moist places. C on pine-needles, by gravelly waysides. Bolt. t. ']'2. f. 3 as regards form, D on Sphag7ia in hilly swamps, not to be confounded with Ca?itharcllus M lyS AGARICUS. Pleurotus. mtiscigenus or C. lohatus. A is the primary form described in Fj'. Syst. Myc. C, however, may be taken as the typical form of the species. On decayed wood, lawn, &c. Rare. Aug.-Dec. Spores 6 mk. W.G.S. 'Ns.me—acus, chaff. Chaffy. Fr. MoJiogr. i. p. 251. Hym. Eur. p. ■l'j'6. Icon. t. 89. /. 2. Berk. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. n. 124. Illust. PL 242. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 2.2.x. III. — Resupinati. * Pileiis fleshy, u7iiform. Z87. A. porrigens Pers. Wholly shining white. — Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, a^ the first resitpinate, sessile, adnate behind, forming excentric orbicular shields, with the gills concurrent in an umbilicus, soo7i however extended laterally, ascending, ear- shaped, narrow at the base, dilated above ; otherwise fleshy, tough, flaccid, at length undulato-lobed, even, somewhat smooth, but more or less tomentose towards the base ; flesh thin, compact. Gills at first concurrent, somewhat veined, decurrent to the base when the pileus is extended, thin, crowded, linear, very narrow, sometimes divided. Inodorous, insipid, when full grown often imbricated in the form of steps. It at length resembles A. petaloides. On stumps, chiefly pine. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 7-8 X 6 mk. A'. ,-4x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — porrigo, to stretch out. From its habit of growth. Pers. Obs. Myc. i. p. 54. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 252. Hym. Eur. p. 178. Berk. Out. p. 137. B. &= Br. n. 1222. C. Hbk. n. 125. Illust. PI. 259. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 222. Saund. <5r' Sm. t. 26. 388. A. septicus Fr. Wholly shining white. — Pileus 2-10 mm. (1-5 lin.) broad, slightly fleshy, villous, at the first 7'esupinate, attached to the wood, then furnished wath a short (2-4 mm., 1-2 „ lin.) incurved, villous stem, which becomes erect and at length vanishes, so that the reflexed pileus then appears sessile, with flaxy rootlets. Gills at first converging round the rudiment of a stem, comparatively broad, somewhat distant. Very small, so changeable in form that it is difficult to recognise the same individual in different stages of its growth. In form, and flaxy rootlets of the stem, it is chiefly to be compared with A. byssisedus. It is smaller, however, and more fleshy, and is wholly (also the spores) shining white. It resembles A. variabilis, but the gills do not change colour on account of the spores being white. On decayed wood, fungi, &c. Frequent. June.-Oct. Name — septicus, putrefying. From its growing on rotten wood. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 254. Hym. Eur. p. 179. Bci-k. Out. p. 137. C. Hbk. 7i. 126. LEUCOSPORI. 179 Illust. PL 259. b.^ S. Mycol. Scot. n. 223. Letell. t. 706./. i. A. pubescens Pleurotus. Sow. t. 321. ** P ileus fleshy, gelatinous or viscid, &^c. 389. A. mastrucatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad, mouse-grey, as if prickly withfloccose, squarrose scales of the saine colour, fleshy, when full grown obovate or tongue-shaped, soft, flaccid, margin involute but lobed when full grown and luxuri- ant; stratum of flesh double, the upper, that of the thick (i m., yi lin.) pellicle, gelatinous, pliant, mouse-fuscous; the lower (that of the flesh proper) a little thicker, pallid. Gills at first concurrent in an excentric umbilicus (without the rudiment of a stem), then converging to the base of the pileus, broad, somewhat distattt, quaternate, whitish-grey. The first of a series of distinguished species, which form a remarkably nat- ural group. Larger than following species, resupmate when young, adnata at the back, excentrically cup-shaped, then reflexed, sessile, somewhat im- bricated. On old trunks. Rare. Name — mastruca, a sheepskin. From its woolly-like coat. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 254. Hy7n. Eiir. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 127. Illust. PL 243. A. echinatus Sow. t. 99. 390. A. atro-cseruleus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, commonly dark azure-blue, more rarely fuscous, at the first re- supinate, soon reflexed, horizontal, obovate or reniform, villous, rarely slightly smooth, slightly wrinkled (because the cuticle is contracted in drying) when dry ; flesh soft, the upper stratum (that of the pellicle) toughly gelatinous, as much as 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fuscous-blackish, the lower (that of the flesh proper) thinner, whitish. Gills at first concurrent, then reaching the base, broad, in groups of 4-8, whitish, at leiigth becoming light yellow. Sessile, gregarious, somewhat imbricated. Here and there emitting a very pleasant odour. On trunks, birch, &c. Rare. Nov.-Dec. Spores 3x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — ater, black; cceruletis, azure-blue. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 255. Hyin. Eur. p. 179. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 128. Illust. PL 243. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 224. Sau?id. ^f Sm. t. 6./. i. A. alneus SchcBff. t. 246.7; 3, 8, 9. 391. A. Leightoni Berk. — Pileus lo mm. (5 lin.) broad, umber then lead-coloured, at first obliquely conical, furfuraceous, with short scattered bristles intermixed ; flesh consisting of two dis- tinct strata ; the upper gelatinous, of the colour of the pileus, the l8o AGARICUS. Pieurotus. lower white. Stem none. Gills pallid tan-colour, rather thick, distant, somewhat forked at the base, slightly undulated, obscure- ly wrinkled at the base, the interstices scarcely reticulated. On wood. Shrewsbury. Name — after Rev. W. A. Leighton. Bei'k. Ann. Nat. Hist. xiii. /. 9.7^ r. Out. p. 138. C. Illiist. PL 260. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 179. 392. A. algidus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, timber or rufous brow?t, fitshy, 2X firsi resupinate, then expanded, some- what reniform, unequal, even, smooth., viscoiis ; flesh thin, moder- ately pliant, whitish. Gills at first concurrent, at length appear- ing adnate, crowded, rather broad, sometimes crisped at the base, becomi7ig pallid yelloiv. Manifestly allied to A. mastrucatus and A. atro-ccer ulcus, but \he pellicle is thi7i, viscid 07ily in a jnoist state, and remarkably distinct in the full-grown pileus, being smooth, umber or rufus-brown. From an excentrically cup- shaped form, which is adnate at the back and sessile, with concurrent gills, it is unfolded into reflexed pilei, which are commonly caespitoso-imbricated. When young the pileus is often covered with pruina. In the same places in- dividual specimens have occurred quite similar, but departing from the type in the bluish-grey colour of the pileus. On trunks. Linlithgowshire. a' Name — algidus, cold. From its being found in northern regions, Fr. Monogr. i. /. 255. Hym. Eur. p. 180. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. 7i. 129. niust. PI. 260. Brigant. t. 20. A. subsessilis Fl. Dan. t. 1552./". i. A. lateralis Fl. Dan. t. 1556./". 2. A. cynotis Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 23./. 5. 393. A. fluxilis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat umber, thin, dimidiate, horizontal, plane, reniform, covered v^\\.\\ a ^mdi gelati7tous stratum which is not covered with a cuticle ; the flesh proper very thin, pallid, soft. Gills rounded behind, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, Imear, distant, distinct, whitish; few (3-5) reaching the base, but very many shorter ones intermixed. As many as 31 of the shorter gills may be counted at the margin between those which reach the base. Solitary, sessile. A most distinguished species, not to be compared with any other. Never resupinate, but adhering by a single lateral point, to which all the gills converge. On wood and sawdust. Glamis, 1877. Oct. When young it is covered with an extremely thin, vanishing membrane, so that it may be truly said to be without a cuticle. Spores elliptical-oblong, guttate, 10 mk. Q. Name— ^uxi lis, fluid. From the fluid stratum of the pileus. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 256. Hym. Eur. p. 180. B. &= Br. n. 1756. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 226. C. Hlust. PI. 244. 394. A. cyphellseformis Berk.— Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) or more broad and high, cinei'eous, cup-shaped, then dependent, very LEUCOSPORI. 18 1 minutely strigose especially at the base, margin paler, sprinkled Pieurotus. with a few meal-like scales; upper stratum gelatinous, cinereous, beneath which the flesh is white and very thin. Stem none. Gills pure white, rather distant, the alternate ones shorter, narrow, linear. Minute. Gregarious. Allied to A. applicatus. On dead herbaceous stems. Rare. Oct. Name— Kv^eAAoi', the hollow of the ear. From its shape. Berk. Mag. Zool. and Bot. i. t. 15. /. 3. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. ?i. 131. Illust. PL 244. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 180. 395. A. applicatus Batsch. Dark cinereous.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, when young cup-shaped, orbicular, adnate behind, villous at the base, commonly sessile, more or less pruinate ; when fuller grown more or less reflexed, never dimidiate, smooth or slightly villous, slightly striate when damp. Gills few, rather thick, broad, distant, paler than the pileus and here and there whitish at the edge. Varying in colour, cinereous- or azure-blue-blackish, dark or bluish-grey. The pileus is occasionally extended in a stem-like form (but there is never the rudiment of a true stem) with the gills radiating from a central point. Habit and stature wholly those of ^. striatulus, &c., but thicker, firmer, and clothed with a gelatinous pellicle. On dead branches, ash, &c. Common. Autumn-Spring. Fries found it chiefly on willows. Name — applicatus, closely attached. From its habit of growth. Batsch t. 125. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. /. 257. Hy?>i. Eur. p. 180. Be7'k. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 133. Illust. PI. 244. c. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 227. Sow. t. 301. A. epixylon Bull. t. 581, /. 2. •X-X-* Pileus 7ne?nbranaceous, not viscid. 396. A. Hobsoni Berk.— Pileus 2-8 mm. (1-4 lin.) broad, pale grey, membranaceous, reniform or dimidiate, stemless, minutely downy, margin involute. Gills rather distant, pallid. On larch-stumps. Apethorpe, 1859. Sept. It seems very closely allied to A. re7iiformis, but that species is smooth, shortly stipitate and broader. Fr. Name — after Lieut. Julian C. Hobson. Berk. Out. p. 138. C. Hbk. n. 132. Illust. PI. 212. a. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 181. 397. A. striatulus Fr. Pale cijiereous. — Pileus very small, 4-6 mm. (2-3 Ifn.) broad, always sessile, not extended behind, cup- shaped, very tender, smooth, pellucid, striate. Gills few, distant, of the same colour as the pileus or whitish. Gregarious. Easily escaping observation from its minuteness. Wholly withering and corrugated when dry. Very changeable in different stations. 1 82 AGARICUS. Pleurotus. A. The typical form is regularly cup-shaped or obconico-campanulate, central, never reflexed, and for the most part fuscous-cinereous ; on the under side of fallen trunks, chiefly pine. B. In another form the pilei are at first excentric, then reflexed, imbricated and crisped, of a pale cinereous colour; on dried vertical branches, such as hazel. C. A third form {Pe^s. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 25. /. 3.) has the pileus irregular, at length dimidiate, bluish-grey; on fallen stalks. On fir, hazel, elm, &c. Uncommon. May-Dec. '^amQ—striatulus. Slightly striate. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 257. Hym. Eur. p. 181. Ico7t. t. 89. / 5. Berk. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 134. Jllust. PL 212. b. S. My col. Scot. n. 228. 398. A. hypnophilus Berk. — Pileus white, sessile, resupinate, flat, somewhat reniform, nearly smooth. Gills simple, of the same colour. Exactly the habit of ^. variabilis ; but the spores are white, and in conse- quence the gills do not change colour. On the larger mosses, and fallen leaves. Appin. Joined by Persoon with A. variabilis. Spores 3 x 2-3 mk. B. Name — i'jitoi/, a marsh plant ; ^lAo?, loving. Hypnum-loving. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 75. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 135. Illust. PL 212. c. S. MycoL Scot. n. 22^. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 181. A. variabilis v. hypnophilus Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. t. 24. /. 5 a? 399. A. chioneus Pers. Snow-white. —Pileus very tender, somewhat resupinate, villous. Stem curt, villous, vanishing. Gills rather broad. On wood or dung. Rare. Sept. Pileus 4 mm. (2 hn.) broad, extremely delicate and fragile, clothed with white down, fixed by a few downy threads, the margin involute. Gills radiat- ing, distant, with sometimes a single smaller one in the interstices. Allied to A. septicus, and differing in its very thin pileus. M.J.B. Name— x't^v, snow. Snow-white. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 26. f. 10, 11. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 181. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. /. 75. Out. p. 139. C. Hbk. n. 136. Ulust. PL 212. d. Series II. HYPORHODII {yi^i (diminutive); ^(^Seos, rose-col- oured). Spores rosy or rubiginous. [A partial veil has been ob- served only among the Annularise. The spores in the Volvarise, Plutei, and most of the Clitopili are globose or oblong and even, like those of the Leucospori, but in the other subgenera of the series (also in A. {Plitteiis) roseo-albus according to Seynes) they are commonly irregular atid a?igular.^ Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Volvaria. Subgenus X. VOLVARIA {volva, a wrapper). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 277. Rosy-spored. Universal veil free, persistent, distinct HYPORHODII. 183 from the epidermis of the pileus (constituting a volva). Hymen- VolvaHa. ophore distinct from the stem. The Volvarise are as it were Amanitse with rosy spores, but they are more nearly related to the Plutei and the Psalliotae. Gills rounded be- hind and free, ventricose. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Volvaria corresponds with Ama- nita, The species appear early in the year. They grow chiefly on rotten wood or in rich mould or manured ground; hence they are more frequent in gardens, hothouses, &c., than in woods. Some are said to be edible, but they soon acquire a disagreeable taste from the rapidity with which they decay. * Pileus dry, silky or fibrillose. ** Pileus more or less viscous and smooth. XII. Agaric7is {Volvaria) vol- vaceus. One-fifth natural size. * Pileus dry, silky or fibrillose. 400. A. bombycinus Schaeff. — Pileus 7.5-20 cent. (3-8 in.) broad, wholly white, fleshy, soft, at first globose, soon campan- ulate, at length convex, somewhat umbonate, everywhere silky- ox^ when older, sq2ia7?2tiloso-villous, more rarely becoming smooth at the vertex ; flesh not thick, white. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 12 mm. {}4. in.) thick or more at the base, solid, equally attenuated from the base to the apex, even, smooth, white. Vol- va soon torn asunder, ample, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, mem- branaceous, lax, laciniate, somewhat viscid, persistent. Gills free, very crowded when young, almost cohering, ventricose, in groups of 2-4, then toothed, flesh-coloured. Ovate when young. According to some becoming fuscous. The stem is curved-ascending on vertical trunks and straight on prostrate ones. Com- monly solitary, sometimes however caespitose. On decayed wood, stumps, &c. Rare. Aug.-Sept. Spores elliptic. Considered edible. Name — bombyx, silk. Silky. Schceff. t. 98. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 259. Hym. Eur. p. 182. Berk. Out. p. 139. t. 7./. I. C. Hbk. n. 231. Illust. PL 293. Krombh. t. 23./. 15-21. Brig. t. 34. /. 1-6. Barla t. 25./. 1-5. Mich. N. gen. t. 76./. 2. 401. A. volvaceus Bull.— Pileus j-S cent. (3 in.) broad, rarely more, cinereous, black-streaked with adpressed fibrils, cam pan - ulate then expanded, obtuse. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) long, 184 AGARICUS. Voivaria. 12 mm. {% in.) thick, white, solid, somewhat equal; volva lax. Gills free, flesh-coloured. Its history is wholly that of A. bomiycinus, but it is generally smaller. It differs constantly, however, in the volva being less ample and persistent and in becoming fuscous, in breadth, colour, and streaking of the pileus, and in the gills being less purely flesh-coloured. In stoves, roadsides, &c. Rare. July-Aug. Spores 6-8 x 4 mk. B. Name — volva, a wrapper ; furnished with a volva. Bull. t. 262. Fr. Mono^r. i. p. 260. Hyvi. Eiir. p. 182. Fl. Da?i. t. 173 1. /. 2. Vivian, t. 10. Ve7itur, t. 22. Barl. t. 25./; 6-13. Fr. Nees in Act. Nat. Cur. xvi. t. 7. C. Illust. PL 294. Form departing from the type Sow. t. I. Berk. Out. p. 140. C. Hbk. ?i. 232. 402. A. Loveianus Berk. — Pileus 6 cent. {2% in.) broad, white with a very slight shade of pink or cinereous, beautifully silky, moderately fleshy, subtruncato-globose, then convex or slightly expanded, margin involute. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, white, solid, bulbous, attenuated up- wards, closely fibrillose with a little matted down, very juicy ; volva pure white with a little downy prominence within round the base of the stem. Gills broad in front, quite free, somewhat deliquescent, gradually pale pink. At first it appears like a small, smooth, white, round Bovista. Gregarious, subcaespitose. Parasitic on A. nebularis. Very rare. Oct. It has been grown on A. nebularis by Worthington Smith. Spores minute, elliptic, 3 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Rev. R. T. Lowe. Berk. Out. p. 140. t. j.f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 233. Illust. PI. 295. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 230. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 182. 403. A. Taylori Berk. — Pileus 4.5 cent. {\)i in.) high and broad, livid, conico-campanulate, obtuse, striato-rimose from the apex, thin, margin lobed and sinuated. Stem 6 cent. (2^ in.) long, 6 mm. (X in.) thick, pallid, solid, nearly equal, slightly bulb- ous at the base ; volva date-brown, lobed, somewhat lax, small. Gills uneven, broad in front, very much attenuated behind, rose- colour. Pileus beautifully pencilled and cracked. The dark volva, campanulate pil- eus, and uneven, attenuated gills are marked characters. The habit is rather that of some Entoloma than of its more immediate allies. On the ground. Jersey, &c. Spores 6x9 mk. W.G.S. Name— after M. A. Taylor. B. b= Br. n. 675. Berk. Out. p. 140. C. Hbk. n. 234. Hlust. PI. 296. Saund. 6^ Sin. t. 33. /. I. Fr. Hyfn. Eur. p. 183. HYPORHODII. 185 404. A. temperatus B. & Br. — Pileus 6 mm. (X in.) broad, Voivaria. convex, umbonate, pulverulent, striate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slender, pellucid ; volva ample. On soil in a greenhouse. Sibbertoft. Name — temperatus, as applied to heat. From growing in a greenhouse. B. &> Br. n. 1757. C. Illust. PL 300. a. ■^* Pileits more or less viscous and smooth. 405. A. speciosus Fr. — Pileus 7-5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, whitish, grey or umber at the disc, fleshy, globose when young, then campanulate, at length plane and somewhat umbonate, even, smooth, viscous; flesh soft, floccose, white. Stem 10-20 cent. (4-8 in.) long, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, slight- ly attenuated from the base as far as the apex, when young white- villous and tomentose at the base, then becoming smooth, white ; volva bulbous rather than lax, free however, variously torn into loops, membranaceous, 1-2.5 cent, {yi-i in.) broad, externally tomentose, white. Gills free, flesh-coloured. The gills are wholly the same as those of A. bombycinus. It occurs also thinner, with the pileus wholly grey. On dunghills, roadsides, «S:c. Rare. Sept. -Oct. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, even, 12-18 x 8-10 mk. K. Name — speciosus, handsome. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 260. Hy7n. Eur. p. 183. Berk. Out. p. 141. B. df Br. n. 902*. C. Hbk. n. 236. Illust. PI. 297. ^, Mycol. Scot, n. 231. Ft. Da?i. t. 1737. Krombh. t. 26. f. 1-8. 406. A. gloiocephalus Dec. Fl. — Pileus fuliginous, fleshy, cam- panulate then expanded, umbonate, smooth, glutinous, striate at the margin. Stem solid, smooth, becoming fuscous or tawny ; the volva, which is circularly split, pressed close. Gills free, reddish. Fragments of the volva are sometimes seen on the pileus. The stem is commonly more slender than that of A. speciosus. On the ground. Uncommon. June-Oct. Pileus about 3 in. across, with a strong regular, obtuse umbo in the centre, of a delicate mouse-grey, viscid when moist but when dry shining, quite smooth, margin striate in consequence of the thinness of the flesh ; stem 6 in. or more high, about Yz in. thick in the centre, attenuated upwards, bulbous at the base, clothed with a few slight fibres, easily splitting, solid, rather dingy, ringless. Volva loose, villous like the base of the stem, splitting into several unequal lobes ; the gills are broad, especially in front, narrower behind and quite free, so as to leave a space round the top of the stem, white, tinged with greyish pink ; margin slightly toothed. Smell strong and un- pleasant, and taste disagreeable. M.j.B. Very poisonous according to i86 AGARICUS. Volvaria. Letellier. Spores 19x9 mk. W.G.S. Name — yXoio?, sticky; /ccw, to carry. From the veined p'leus. Dittm. Sturm, t. 15. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 188. Monogr. i. p. 267. Berk. Out. p. 142. B. &= Br. n. 676*. C. Hbk. n. 246. Hhist. PL 422. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 237. Var. reticulatus. C. Illust. PI. 422. B. Siibge7iiis XIII. ENTOLOMA (iurSs, within ; Xw/xa, a fringe. Entoioma. Probably referring to the innate character of the pseudo-veil). Fr. Epicr. p. 143. Rosy-spored, No distinct veil. Stem fleshy or fibrous, soft, sometimes waxy. Pileus some- what fleshy, margin incurved. Hy- menophore continuous with the stem ; gills sinuato-adnexed behind or separ- ating. Spores, so far as they have been examined, angular. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 189. Efitoloma is analogous with Z>7- cJwloma and must be carefully separ- ated from Hebeloma. The species grow on the ground, and occur chiefly after heavy rain. They are not used as food, though many smell of new meal, as esculent species often do. XIV. Agaricjis {Entoioma) siitU' atits. One-sixth natural size. I. Genuini (typical species). Pileus fleshy, when full grown smooth, often viscid, but not hygrophanous, nor ever innato-floccose or squamulose. 192 AGARICUS. Entoloma. II. Leptonidei (inclining to Leptonia). Pileus absolutely dry, but floccu- lose, somewhat scaly. III. Nolanidei (inclining to Nolanea). Pileus thin, for the most part scissile, hygrophanous, smooth, but with a silky appearance when dry. Cojn- monly irregular, pileus repand. I. — Genuini. 418. A. sinuatus Fr.— Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) broad, becoming yellotu-white, very fleshy, convex then expanded, at first gibbous, at length depressed, repand and sinuate at the margin. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, firm, stout, equal, compact, at first fibrillose, then smooth, naked, shining white. Gills emarginate, slightly adnexed, 12-18 mm. {%-}( in.) broad, crowded, distinct, pale yellowish-rufescent. Gregarious, compact, handsome. Odour strojig, pleasant, almost like that 0/ burnt sugar, not of new meal. The pileus becomes broken into squamules when dry. There is a variety with a shorter stem. In mixed woods. Uncommon. July-Oct. The gills are often irregular in their attachment. Very poisonous ; produc- ing headache, swimming of the brain, stomach pains, vomiting, &c. Worth- ington Smith, who first experimented with it, ate about % oz., which very nearly proved fatal. Spores 9 mk. W.G.S. Name — sinuatus, •w^.v^d. From the form of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 268. Hym. Eur. p. 189. C. Hbk. 11. 247. Illust, PI. 310. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 238, A. sinuosus Sauttd. 6^ Sin. t. II. 419. A. lividus Bull. — Pileus lo cent. (4 in.) and more broad, livid-tan, becoming pale, fleshy, somewhat compact at the disc, convex then plane, somewhat gibbous, dry, even, smooth, but as it were lo?igitiidinally fibrillose from the pellicle being fissile, equal (not repand). Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, somewhat hollow, or stufl"ed with a spongy pith, stout, equal, not fibrillose but s\\g\\i\y siudiit, prui7tose at the apex, exter- nally rigid, internally spongy, shining white. Gills rounded, somewhat free, scarcely crowded, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, attenuated in front, whitish then flesh-colour. Odour mealy, but often obsolete. Allied to A. sinuatus, but sufficiently distinct. In woods. East Dereham, Norfolk. Oct. According to Quelet it is very poisonous. Name — lividus, livid colour. Bull. t. 382. Fr. Monogr. i, p. 269. Hym. Eur. p. 189. Icon. t. 90. f. 3. B. b^ Br. n. 1935. C. Illust. PL 311. Quel. t. 6. f. i. Var. roseus Berk. C. Illust. PI. 469. 420. A. prunuloides Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, whitish, becoming yellow or livid, fleshy, campanulate then con- HYPORHODII. 193 vex, at length flattened, somewhat umbonate, unequal (but not Entoloma. repand), even, viscid, smooth, at length longitudinally rimose, at length slightly striate at the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, fibrous-fleshy, solid, equal, even or slightly striate, smooth, naked, white. Gills somewhat free, emarginate, rarely rounded, at the first only slightly adnexed, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, crowded, ventricose, white then flesh-colour. Odour sh-ong of new meal, wholly that oi A. pnmulus. Very scattered in growth. Like A. lividus but very different, thrice as small. It differs entirely from A. cervinus. On the ground in woods. Uncommon. Autumn. Spores regularly 6-angled or one angle more marked, 8 mk. B.; 9 mk. W.P. Name— like A. prunulus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 26<^. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 189. Icon. t. 91./. I. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 248. Illust. PL 312. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 239. 421. A. repandus Bull.— Piieus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, whitish or ochraceoiis, striate with darker spots, fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, somewhat silky when dry, the incurved margin lobed. Stem curt, 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, silky, white. Gills broader in front, flesh-colour. Odour of new meal. Vernal according to Bulliard. Among grass. Rare. Sept. Spores irregular, stellate, studded with very large processes, 11x6 mk. and large urn-shaped cystidia. B. St" Br. Fries formerly referred Bulliard's figure to A. repandus Fr., which is A.Jlbrosus Sow., a species of Inocybe. Berke- ley is still of his original opinion that Bulliard's plant is a true Entoloma, '^Simt— repandus, bent backwards. From its form. Bull. t. 423./. 2, Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 190. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 78, Out. p. 143. B. 6^ Br. n. 676*. C. Hbk. n. 251. Illust. PL 313. 422. A. placenta Batsch, — Piieus 4 cent,(i>^ in.) broad, brown, fleshy, co7ivex then flatteiied, umbonate, orbicular, even, smooth, moist when damp ; flesh thin, becoming pale. Stem 5-7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, wholly fibrous, equal, fibrilloso- striate, brown. Gills emarginato- adnexed, crowded, rather thick, whitish then pallid flesh-colour. Solitary, modorous, taste at length acrid. Stem contorted according to Batsch. In hedgerows, &c. Rare. April-Oct. TSiame— placenta, a flat cake, Batsch f. 18, Fr. Monogr. i. /. 270. Hym. Eur. p. 190. Berk. Out. p. 143. B. &" Br. n. 789, 1413*. C. Hbk. n. 249. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 240, 423. A. helodes Fr.— Piieus 5 cent, (2 in.) and more broad, N 194 AGARICUS. Entoloma. varying cinereous, fiiligino7is a7td at the smne time becoming purple, slightly fleshy, fragile, rather pi a7ie, tough, umbonate, often de- pressed round the umbo, even when moist, smooth, but often as if variegated with tiger-spots, the spreading margin sometimes slightly striate; flesh thin, pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fragile, hollow, rarely stuffed, equal or slightly thickened at the base, cinereous-fibrillose, becoming pallid ciner- eous. Gills obtusely adnate (in no wise decurrent with a tooth), or slightly sinuate, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, distinct, somewhat distant, quaternate, white then flesh-colour. Pileus becoming (pale when old, but not hygrophanous. Odour of new meal, taste watery. On heathy pastures. Coed Coch. Name— e'Aos, marsh. Growing in marshy places. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 270. Hy7n. Eur. p. 191. B. b' Br. ?i. 790. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 250. Illust. PI. 339. Var. PI. 373. 424. A. Batschianus Fr. — Pileus 1-4 cent, {yz-i^z in.) broad, dark fuscous, or fuHginous-black, viscid, shifiing when dry, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, at first slightly convex, scarcely umbonate, then depressed, even, smooth, margin at first mani- festly involute ; flesh of the same colour, white when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long. 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, 7nod- erately tough, but not cartilaginous, wholly fibrous, equal or slightly attenuated at both ends, slightly striate with adpressed fibrils, grey. Gills narrowed behind, but wholly adnexed at the apex, plane, crowded when young, when full grown somewhat distant, dingy whitish then ci?iereous or fuliginous. Odour obsolete. The spores are of a beautiful rose-colour, so that it is most certainly different from A. {Colly.) murinus. On the ground. Coed Coch, 1881. Oct. Spores rather irregular, 9 mk. B. 6^ Br. Name — from Batsch who first figured the species as A. muri?ius. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 270. Hym. Eur. p. 191. B. fir" Br. 1936. Illust. PI. 326. A. murinus Batsch f. 19 may be referred to this and to A. murinus alike. 425. A. Bloxami Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more broad, blackish -blue, compact, campanulate, very obtuse, somewhat lobed, moist, slightly silky; flesh very thick in the centre, white. Stem 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) thick, solid, slightly attenuated upwards, obtuse at the base, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills attenuated behind or slightly adnexed, moderately broad, pale pink. In open exposed pastures. Uncommon. Oct.-Nov. HYPORHODII. 195 Spores irregular, subglobose, with a large globose nucleus. B. &= Br. ; Entoloma. very brilliant pink orange, 8 mk. W.G.S. Name — after Rev. A. Bloxam. B. 6= Br. 71. 677. Berk. Out. p. 143. C. Hbk. n. 252. Illust. PI. 327. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 241. Price f. 89, Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 191. 426. A. ardosiacus Bull. — Pileus 4-5 cent. {lYz-i in.) broad, steel-bhie-fuscoiis, becoming blackish when young", becoming ciner- eous when older, but not truly hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, cam- panulate then convex, obtuse, even, smooth, moist. Stem com- monly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose or hollow, slightly attenuated upwards, smooth but easily splitting into fibres, remarkably steel-blue, white at the base. Gills free, broad, ventricose, but attenuated behind, crowded, white or grey then flesh-colour. Inodorous. Pileus at length depressed. Stature very variable. It has occurred with the stem only 4 cent. {1% in.) long, little exceeding 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, and the pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. In moist meadows. A doultful native, introduced on the authority of Sibthorpe. M.J.B. Spores pretty regularly 5-7 angled, 6-8 mk. j5.; globose, irregular, 8 mk. Q. Name — ardosia (low Latin), a slate. Slate-coloured. Bull. t. 348. Fr. Monogr. ii, /. 295. Hy7n. Eur. p. 191. Icon. t. 94./". 4. Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n. 253. Illust. PI. 328. 427. A. ameides B. & Bn— Pileus 2.5-6 cent. {1-2% in.) broad, pale reddish-grey, irregular, broadly campanulate, thin, gibbous, polished in the centre ; margin white-flocculent, at length smooth, silky-shining, undulated. Stem stuffed, compressed, white- villous at the base, striate and fibrillose upwards, flocculent at the apex. Gills distant, slightly adnexed, wrinkled. Varying from hemispherical in smaller specimens to campanulate. Smell peculiar, resembling a mixture of orange-flower water and starch. The whole plant acquires a reddish tint in drying. Large specimens at first sight closely resemble Hygrophorus ovinus. In pastures. Bodelwyddan, Flintshire, 1863. Sept. Spores irregular. Name — starch-scented. B. df Br. n. 999, C. Hbk. 71. 255. Illust. PI. 341. Fr. Hym. Em: p. 192. II. — Leptonidei. 428. A. Saundersii Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, wJiite, becoming fuscous when old, fleshy, campanulate then ex- panded, obtuse, repando-lobed, adpressedly tonientose. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) thick, solid, equal, silky-fibrous, white. Gills slightly adnexed, broad, distant, reddish. 196 AGARICUS. Entoloma. Not hygrophanous ; widely removed from A. majalis ; rather allied to A. sinuatus, A. priinuloides, or A.fertilis. Pileus sprinkled with atoms of soil. On naked ground/and river sand. Rare. June. Name — after W. W. Saunders. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 192. S. Mycol. Scot Supp. Scot. Nat. 1883, p. 30. C. lllust. PL 306, A. majalis Saund. b= Sm. t. 46. 429. A. fertilis Berk. — Pileus lo cent. (4 in.) and more broad, pinkish-buff, flesliy, obtuse, dry, smootli, pulverulento-squamulose. Stem fibrillose, somewhat squamulose, somewhat bulbous. Gills adnexed, flesh-colour. Smell like that of new meal. Exactly the plant of Bulliard. In woods. Rare. Autumn. "Hsime— fertilis, prolific. Berk. Otd. p. 142. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 193. C. lllust. PI. 316. A. phonospermus B21II. t. 590, 547./. i. 430. A. jubatus Fr.— Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more broad, mouse-colour, not hygrophanous, somewhat fleshy, cam- pa7inlate then expaftded and flattened, umbonate, floccoso-scaly and fibrillose on the cuticle; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus, and easily scissile. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fleshy-fibrous, though rigid, fragile, hollow, equal, becoming fuscous, and clothed with fuliginous fibrils. Gills slightly adnexed, somewhat emarginate, easily separating, crowded, ventricose, at first dark fuliginous (not fuscous-grey), then becoming beautifully purple-fuliginous. Very distinguished ; not nearly allied to any. Inodorous. In old pastures and mossy places. Uncommon. July-Oct. According to Worthington Smith it grows in dense clusters, but I have never seen more than two or three growing together. Spores extremely ir- regular, 7x11 mk. W.G.S. ; 10-12 mk. Q. Name — jubatus, maned or crested. From the fibrillose pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. •2']2.. Hym. Eur. p. 193. Icon. t. 92. /. I. B. &= Br. n. 1224. C. Hbk. n. 256. lllust. PI. 317. ,5. Mycol. Scot. n. 2^2. 431. A. resutus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, becom- ing fuscous, disc darker, slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat obtuse, never umbilicate, the whole densely floccoso-scaly, sometimes with darker adpressed scales, sometimes becoming even, longitu- dinally fibrillose. Stem 4-5 cent. {i}4-2 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, wholly fibrous, soft, stuffed, at length hollow, equal, externally polished, smooth, slightly striate, somewhat grey. Gills adnexed, very ventricose, almost free, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, somewhat plane, rather crowded, rather thick, grey, at the first darker. HYPORHODII. 197 Inodorous, The disc is darker as in Leptonice. The gills are reddish with Entoloma. the spores (never becoming purple). In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Oct. Name — resiitus, ripped open, unstitched. From its longitudinally fibril- lose appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 273. Hym. Eur. p. 193. Icon. t. 92. f. 2. B. 6^ Br. ti. 1414. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 243. C. Illust. PL 318. a. 432. A. griseo-cyaneus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, grey or iiiclijiing to lilac, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, cain- pannlate the?! convex, obtuse, never depressed, wholly fioccoso- scaly. Stem 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, in no wise cartilaginous, but wholly fibrous, hollow, externally flo c- coso-Jibrillose, pallid theji becoming azure-blue, sometimes wholly white. Gills adfiexed, separating-free, ventricose, whitish then flesh-colour. White when young. In habit and colours it approaches the Lepto?iicB and often grows along with these, but it is wholly soft, and sufficiently distinct from its fibrous stem. In pastures and open woods. Rare. Oct. Spores irregular, full of angles, 8-10 mk. K. Name — griseus, grey ; cyaneus, dark blue. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 274. Hym. Eur. p. 193. Icoji. t. 94. f. i. B. 6^ Br. n. 11 13. C. Hbk. n. 257. Illust. PI. 318. b. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 244. 433. A. sericellus Fn— Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) or little more broad, white or becoming yellow-white, somewhat fleshy, convex the?i pla?ie, obtuse, and at length depressed, often unequal, dry, even, silky, at length becoming smooth, but often squamulose, the margin, which is at the first inflexed, floccose ; flesh thin, white, continuous. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, soDiewhat Jistitlose, waxy r3.th.er than fibrous, equal, fibril- lose, white then becoming pale, at length somewhat polished, smooth. Gills at first ad7iate, even decurrent with a tooth, then separating and somewhat emarginate, very broad, slightly dis- tant, white then flesh-colour. Gregarious, small, thin, inodorous, changeable in its characters, but not in its habit. Most distinct and not allied to any other. A. sericeus Pers. (not Bull.) differs in its larger stature, its somewhat bulbous stem, its campan- ulate pileus, and crowded gills. In woods, and grassy banks. Frequent. July-Oct. According to Berkeley the stem is never fistulose, but I have found it some- what fistulose as described by Fries. Spores irregular, full of angles, hyaline, 8-10 or lo-ii X 8 nik. A'. Name— j^r/av^^, silky. Slightly silky. Fr. Monogr. i, p. 274. Hym. Eur. p. 194. Berk. Out. p. 144. C. Hbk. n. 258. Illust. PL 307. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 245, Quel. t. 5./. 5. A. inodorus Bull. t. 524. /. 2. 198 AGARICUS. Entoioma. 434. A. Thompsoiii B. & Br.— Pileus 3 to nearly 5 cent. (iX- 2 in.) broad, grey tomentose, plane, adorned with raised radiating ribs which form reticulations in the centre. Stem 4 cent. {i)4 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fibrillose, tomentose, paler than the pileus. Gills broad, flesh-colour. The structure seems entirely peculiar to this species, for the ribs are not like those of A. phlebophorus. Among grass in plantation. West Farleigh. Name — after Dr Thompson. B. b' Br. 71. 1523. C. Ilhist. PL 374. III. — NOLANIDEI. 435. A. clypeatus Linn. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, lurid when moist, when dry grey and variegated or streaked Tvith darker spots or lilies, fleshy, campajtulate thefi flattened, umbonate, smooth, fragile; flesh thin, white when dry. Stem almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) and more thick, stuffed, at length hollow, wholly Jibrous, equal, round, fragile, lo?igitiidi7ially fibrillose, becoming cinereous, pulverulent at the very apex. Gills roiinded-adnexed, separating-free, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, ventricose, somewhat distant, dingy, then red-pulver- ulent with the spores, serrulated at the edge chiefly behind. It has occurred in May caespitose ; better developed and solitary in the end of August. In woods, gardens, and waste places. Frequent. Spring, Autumn. Name — clypeus, a shield. From its shape. Linft. Suec. ji. 1216. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 275. Hyin. Eur. p. 194. Be7-k. Out. p. 144. /. 7, /. 6 (small). C. Hbk. n. 259. Illust. PI. 319. 6'. Mycol. Scot. n. 246. Hussey t. 42. A. phonospermus Bull. t. 544, Bolt. t. 69. Buxb. c. 4. t. 6. 436. A. rhodopolius Fr. — Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, hygrophanous, when moist fuscous (young) or livid, becoming pale (when full grown), when dry isabelli7ie-livid, silky-shifiing, slightly fleshy, campanulate when young, then expanded and somewhat umbonate or gibbous, at length rather plane and some- times depressed, yf^r///<7j-^ when yonng, s7nooth wheji full grown, margin at the first bent inwards and when larger undulated ; flesh white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, hollow, equal when smaller, when larger attenuated up- wards and white-pruijiate at the apex, otherwise smooth, slightly striate, white. Gills adnate then separating, somewhat sinuate, slightly distant, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) broad, white the?t rose-colour. HYPORHODII. 199 Fragile, commonly large and often handsome, almost inodorous. Entoloma, In mixed woods. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Smell like that of new meal. M.J.B. Spores irregular, angled, 6-10 mk. K. ; pretty regularly 6-angled, 8-10x6-8 mk. B.; 7 mk. W.G.S. Name— poSov, rose ; iroA.105, grey. Fr. Mojiogr. i. p. 275. Hym. Eur. p. 195. Berk. Out. p. 145. C. Hbk. n. 260. Illust. PL 342. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 247. Bolt. t. 6. Fl. Dan. t. 1736. Krombh. t. 55./. 17-22. 437. A. majalis Fr. — Pileus when flattened 4-6 cent. {lyi-iYz in.) broad, somewhat ci7inainoii, ochraceous-pale yellow when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, sczssile, cavipanulate then convex, some- what umbonate, somewhat fragile, smooth, even ; at the margin repand, easily rimoso-incised. Steins 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, often connate at the h2Li,t,Jistulose, some- what compressed, twisted, striate, somewhat fibrillose, whitish ; slightly thickened at the base, white-tomentose. Gills free, in groups of 4-12, vejttricose, crowded, crenate, Tp3.\\\6., flesh-coloured with the rosy spores. The pileus is so thin that in moist specimens it appears as if variegated with darker strise from the translucent gills. Casspitose, slender. There is a variety, softer, paler in colour, appearing in summer, which resembles Sow. t. 174. In meadows and open woods. Rare. April-May. Name— Aftz//!/^ {meiisis Mains) the month of May. From the time of its appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 276. HyiJi. Ejir. p. 196. Icon. t. 94./. 2. B. &f Br. n. 998. C. Hbk. n. 261. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 248. 438. A. Wynnei B. & Br.— Pileus fuliginous, at first plane, velvety, then convex, squamulose, hygrophanous ; margin striate, often undulated. Stem fuliginous - azure - blue, compressed, cottony at the base. Gills broad, transversely ribbed, pallid, crenulate at the margin. Odour of bugs. Allied to A. costatus with which it agrees in size. In fir woods. Coed Coch, 1872. Sept. Name— after Mrs Lloyd Wynne. B. &= Br. n. 1342. C. Illust. PI. 329. 439. A. costatus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, hy- grophanous, fuscous -livid, becoming pale when dry, or shin- ing black when scorched by the sun, fleshy-membranaceous, convexo-bullate, undulated and irregularly shaped, at length rather plane, more or less umbilicate, smooth, margin at first bent inwards; flesh very thin, scissile, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, irregu- larly shaped, often compressed, somewhat striate, grey, white- 200 AGARICUS. Entoloma. mealy at the apex. Gills somewhat free, very broad, transversely vemed with raised ribs, undulated, but not serrated, pallid then flesh-colour. Commonly forming large crowded clusters, very fy-agile, hence the irregu- larity of the stem. Allied to A. sericeus, but inodorous. In grassy pastures. Common. Oct. Readily distinguished by the gills. B. b= Br. Spores irregular, subglobose, with a globular nucleus. B. &= Br.; 12-14x8-10 mk. B. Name— toj/a, a rib. From the ribbed gills. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 277. Hym. Ejtr. p. 196. Berk. Out. p. 145. B. &" Br. n. 679. C. Hbk. ?i. 262. Illust. PL 320. a. 440. A. sericeus Bull. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, hygrophanous, u?nber, becoming pale with a silky appearance when dry, fleshy-membranaceous, convex the7i pla?ie, obtuse, some- what repand, even, smooth ; margin at the first involute, striate ; flesh very thin, scissile, umber. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fibroso-fissile, Jistulose, equal or thick- ened u^\\2ir(\s, Jibrillose, grey. Gills emarginate, slightly adnexed, horizontal, equally attenuated from the stem, to the margin (not ventricose), grey then rufescent, even at the sides. Gregarious, small but slightly firm, -with a strong odour of ?iew meal, by which it is readily distinguished from A. pasczius, and other somewhat similar species. It is distinguished from A. pascuus besides by the form and involute margin of the pileus, and by the gills being quite entire and attenuated from the stem towards the margin. In meadows and open woods. Frequent. May-Oct. Spores 5-7 angled, 10x7-8 mk. B. Name — sericeus, silky. Btill. t. 413. f. 2. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 277. Hym. Eur. p. 196. Berk. Out. p. 145. C. Hbk. 71. 263. Illust. PI. 320. h. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 249. 441. A. Persoonianus Phil. & Plow.— Pileus 12 mm. {% in.) broad, shining white, then becoming pale, somewhat fleshy, very fragile, convex, obtusely umbonate, silky-shining. Stem rather long, somewhat bulbous and solid at the base, otherwise hollow, comparatively thin, 5 mm. {2)4. lin.) thick, piloso-squamulose on the surface. Gills somewhat adnexed, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, obovate or broader towards the apex, red-flesh-colour, but rendered darker when the spores are mature. The bulb in our plant is much more decided than in Persoon's fig., having a distinct abrupt margin, and the pileus is not so fleshy. The large angular spores are as wide as the basidia, and the hymenium abounds with large cystidia. On the ground in grassy places. East Dereham, &c. Feb.- Oct. HYPORHODII. 20 1 Spores, including the angles, .015 mm. Phil. 5f Plow. ; 10x13 mk. B. 6^ Entoloma. Br. Name — from Persoon. Phil. 6^ Plow. Gard. Chron. 1881, p. 874. C. Illust. PL 315. A. Persoonii Du Port, Grevillea, vol. x. p. 42. A. bul- bigenus B. §f Br. n. 1937. A. sericeus Pers. Ico7i. 6^ descr. t. 6. f. 2. 442. A. nidorosus Fr. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, fawn-cinereous when fresh, livid when dry, somewhat membranaceous (composed of two thin plates), convex then expanded, and at length often concave and irregularly shaped, rimose, very fragile, wholly smooth, but silky shining when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, almost solid, wholly equal, smooth, even, becoming pale-white, white-pruinose at the apex. Gills emarginato-free, broad (6 mm., 3 lin., and more), at length distaiit, fragile, pallid then flesh- colour, sometimes undulato-flexuous. Fragile, with a strong alkaline smell, but it also occurs inodorous. Much thinner than A. rhodopolius, which is somewhat like it. On lawns, and in open woods. Common. Aug.-Sept. Spores elliptic. M.J.B. ; irregular, full of angles, 7-10 mk. K. ; 8-10x7-8 mk. B. ; 8 mk. IV. G.S. Name — fiidor, sm.el\. Strong-smelling. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 278. Hym. Eitr. p. 196. Ico7i. t. 94. f. 2. Berk. Out. p. 145. C. Hbk. n. 264. Illust. PI. 321. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 250. 443. A. speculum Fr. — Pileus when moist watery or straw- white, silvery when dry, in either state shining and without a silky appear a7ice, hygrophanous, almost membranaceous or composed of two scissile membranes, pellucid when moist, at first convex, soon flattened and depressed, but the disc is also obtusely and obsoletely umbonate, even, very smooth, margin thin, bent in- wards, flexuous, pellucid-striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, smooth, round when young, then compressed, shining. Gills slightly adnexed, broadly emarginate near the stem, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, very ventri- cose, flaccid, the shorter ones narrower, white then flesh-colour, the edge, which is quite entire, becoming fuscous. Very fragile, inodorous, becoming wholly pale-white. Primary form some- what csespitose, thinner, pileus repand, obtuse; another solitary, firmer, pileus regular, depressed round the obtuse umbo. On the ground among grass, &c. Coed Coch, 1881, &:c. Oct. Spores irregular, 13 mk. B. 6^ Br. Name — speculum, a mirror. From its shining appearance. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 278. Hym. Ezir. p. 197. Icon. t. 95. /. 2. B. &^ Br. n. 1938. C. Illust. PI. 308. Batt. t. 20. / D—F. 202 AGARICUS. Clitopilus. Subgenus XIV. CLITOPILUS {kxItos = K\n{)s, a declivity ; 7r?\os, a cap). Fr. Epicr. p. 148. Rosy-spored. Stem fleshy or fibrous, diffused upwards into the pi- leus, the margin of which is at first involute. Hymenophore continuous with the stem; gills equally attenuated behind and somewhat decurrent, not separating or sinuate. Growing on the ground, often stroftg-sfnelling, pi- leus more or less depressed or U7nbil- icate, with a similarly coloured um- bilicus. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 197. Clitopilus corresponds with Clito- cybe, and differs from Entoloma as Clitocybe differs from Tricholoma. XV. Agaricus {Clitopilus) pruiui- lus. One-third natural size. II. Sericelli (slightly silky). I. Orcelli (A, Orcella). Gills deeply decur- rent. Pileus irregular, somewhat excentric, Jlexuous, scarcely hygrophanous, margin at first flocc u lose. Pileus regular, silky or hygrophanous-silky, margin involute, naked. Gills adnate, slightly decurrent. I. — Orcelli. 444. A. prunulus Scop.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, white or more rarely becoming cinereous, truly fleshy, compact, convex then flattened, and at length depressed and repand or unequal, delicately pnmiate, hence the surface is unpolished and dry; flesh thick, white, unchangeable. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more long, about 12 mm. {yi in.) thick, solid, firm, somewhat ventricose, naked, often striate, white, villous at the base. Gills deeply decurrent, attenuated at both ends and chiefly behind, sojnewhat distant, quite entire, white then flesh-colour. The pileus is always firm, never viscid, and not zoned or spotted. The gills are less crowded than those of A. Orcella. Odour pleasant, of fiew meal. There is a white variety {Quel. t. 5./. 3 and Orcella/. 2), which forms a connecting link with A. Orcella. A. prunulus Viviani t. 3 represents A. graveolens. In woods and open ground. Common. July-Oct. It has been reckoned among the most delicious of edible species, and it has the advantage of appearing early in the season. It may also be dried and preserved for future use. It is easily distinguished by the pure pink gills run- ning a considerable way down the stem, and by its fragrant scent of fresh meal. It never appears anywhere in profusion. Spores 10-16x6 n)k. K.; 12-14x4-6 mk. B.; 11x6 mk. W.G.S. ^dimQ^prunus, plum. Scop. Cam. ii. /. 437. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 279. Hyyn. Eur. p. 197. Sverig. alt. Sv. t. 19. HYPORHODII. 203 Berk. Out. p. 145. /. 7. /. 7. C. Hbk. n. 265. Illust. PI. 322. S. Mycol. Clitopilus. Scot. n. 251. Hussey ii. /. 47. A. albellus SchcEff. t. 78. A. pallidus Sow, t. 143. A, Sowerbei Krojnbh. t. S5-/- 7> 8. * A. Orcella Bull. — Pileus beco7ni7ig yellow-ivkite, fleshy, soft, piano-depressed, at the first irregular, slightly silky, so7newhat viscid wheji moist. Stem curt, so\\<\,Jlocailose, thickened upwards. Gills deeply decurrent, crowded, whitish-flesh -colour. It differs from A. frunulus, but not in habit and structure. Commonly smaller; pileus thinner, often spotted and zoned, margin at length undulato- lobed ; the softer flesh unchangeable. Stem often excentric. Gills more crowded. Odour wholly that of A. pru?itihis ; growing in troops. In open grassy ground. Frequent. July-Oct. Its lobed and undulated pileus makes it resemble Ca7itharelliis cibarius in outline. Edible and delicate in flavour. Spores 9x4 mk. W.G.S. Bzill. i. 573./". I, 591. Fi: Hym. Eur. p. 197. Monogr. i. p. 280. Sverig. alt. Sv. t. 20. Worth. Sm. Trans. Woolh. Club, 1869, _/f^. C. Hbk. n. 265. Illust. PL 323. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 252. Badh. i. t. 13. ii. t. w. f. 1-2. Vittad. t. 12. f. 2. Ventur. t. 14./. 1-3. A. o\tfSM% Batschf. 216. Bait. t. 39. A. B. f 445. A. mundulus Lasch. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, becoming pale-white, then spotted cinereous, at length becoming black, fleshy, thi7ij when young convex and somewhat gibbous with an involute rmxgm,floccoso-soft, soon flattened and depressed, unequal, repand and often excentric, even or rivulose ; flesh soft, white. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, somewhat equal, floccoso-villous then becoming smooth, white-villous at the base, at le7igth beco77ii?tg black i7iter7ially . Gills deeply dectirre7it, very c7'owded, narrow, thin, with many shortened ones intermixed, pallid. Closely related to A. p7'untdus, but most evidently distinct. When young slightly tough. Odour obsolete ; taste bitter, by which it is well distinguished from A. prunulus, &c. In var, nig7-escens the whole flesh becomes black. Lasch n. 521. In woods among leaves. Uncommon. Spores 8-11x4-5 J^k. B. Name — viundus, neat, elegant. Lasch n. 518. Fr. Mo?wgr. i. p. 280. Hym. Eur. p. 198. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. 71. 267. Illust. PI. 375. A. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 253. A. alutaceus Batsch f. 119. Battar. t. xb.f. F. 446. A. popinalis Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, citi- ereous, here and there mottled with guttate spots, slightly fleshy, flaccid, convex then depressed, somewhat repand, smooth, opaque; flesh whitish-grey, unchangeable. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal, often flexuous, naked, paler than the pileus. Gills deeply decurrent, broader than the flesh of the pileus, lanceolate, crowded, dark grey, at length red- dish with the spores. 204 AGARICUS. Clitopilus. Solitary or gregarious, with a pleasant smell of new meal. On downs. Worthing, 1865. Oct.. A curious species, probably esculent. B. 6^ Br. Name — fopitia, a cook- shop. Referring to its edible qualities. Fr. Mo7iog7'. i. /. 280. Hym. Eiir. p. 198. Icon. t. 96./. I. B. b' Br. n. 11 14. C. Hbk. n. 268. Illust. PI. 485. 447. A. undatus Fr.— Pileus about 4 cent, (i^ in-) broad, fuliginous cinereous, becoming pale (not hygrophanous) and slightly sill<:y-opaque when dry, slightly fleshy, fragile, deeply wn- bilicate, sometimes infundibuliform, unequal, undulated, without striae. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, often very short, al- most 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, entirely fibrous, hollow, unequal, com- pressed, somewhat attenuated at the base and covered downwards with whitish pubescence. Gills deeply decurrent, not crowded, distinct, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thin, quite entire, dark cijiereous. Pileus often somewhat zoned. Odour fiofie. A most distinct species, with the rubiginous spores of Claudopus. In open downs. Batheaston, (S:c. Oct. Spores subsphaeroid, irregular, subhyaline, 6-8 mk. K.; 6 mk. W.G.S. ; polygonal, 13 mk. Q. Na.me— undo, to swell in waves. Waved. Fr. Mo?ioqr. \. p. 281. Hym. Eur. p. 199. Icoti. t. gS.f. 4. B. &f Br. n. 1000. C. Hbk. n. 269. Illust. PL 486. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 22. 448. A. cancrinus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish- tan or wholly white, becoming pale, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, somewhat niembra?iaceous, at first convex with the margin involute, then rather plane, very irregularly shaped and at length broken into cracks, without striae, rather smooth, but without a cuticle, and therefore h^covamg flocculoso-eve?i., never slightly viscid or zoned ; flesh not scissile, white, hyaline at the gills. Stem curt, scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, white, stuffed or fistulose, sometimes straight, sometimes ascend- ing, round or compressed, equal or when smaller thickened at the apex, smooth. Gills truly decurrent, distant, distinct, broader near the stem, 3 mm. (iX li^i-) broad, rather thick, arcuate when young, straight when the pileus is flattened, white then flesh- colour. Inodorous, with the habit of A. sericellus. The white down (mycelium) at the base gathers the soil into a ball. In grass fields. Apethorpe. Aug. Name — cancer, a lattice, a network of crossed laths. From the chinky appearance of the pileus when broken into cracks. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 281. Hym. Eur. p. 199. Ico7i. t. 95./. 4. B. b' Br. 71. 11 15. C. Hbk. 71. 270. Illust. PI. 501. HYPORHODII. 205 449. A. cretatus B. & Br.— Pileus 6-18 mm. {X-H in.) broad, Ciitopiius. of a dead white, but shining, membranaceous, at first convex then umbilicate, not striate, margin involute. Stem very short, a few lines long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, often curved at the base and sometimes thickened, tomentose especially below, white. Gills very decurrent, narrow, rose-colour. Mycelium white, floccose. Single or gregarious. Closely allied to A. frun- ulus, but apparently constant. On naked soil in woods and pastures. Uncommon. Spores 7x3 mk. W.P. Name — creta, chalk. Chalky-white. B. &= Br. 71. 903. C. Hbk. n. 266. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 199. C. Illust. PL 375. B. j II. — Sericelli. 450. A. carneo-albus With. White. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat fleshy, convexo-plane, orbicular, even, slightly silky, somewhat disc-shaped. Stem stuffed, hollow, unequal, fibroso-striate. Gills adnato-decurrent, thin, somewhat distant, white then flesh-colour. Disc at length depressed, rufescent. Inodorous, gregarious. In heathy places. Rare. Sept. Pileus white, polished, centre rather depressed, edge turned down, about an inch over ; stem solid, white, cylindrical, about an inch high, thick as a crow-quill ; gills decurrent, salmon-coloured, mostly in pairs, narrow, not crowded. With. Spores angled. Fr. ; 'j mk. W.P. Name— C(7rc, flesh; albus, white. With. iv. p. 170. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 200. Monogr. i. p. 282. Kalchbr. Hu7ig. t. 12.. f. 2. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 69. C. Illust. PL 324. a. 451. A. vilis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (r in.) broad, grey, some- what membranaceous, convex, umbilicate, soft, when dry silky- fibrillose, opaque. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, Jistulose, equal, somewhat tough, but fib- roso-fissile, of tJie same colour as the pileus, fibrilloso-striate (not, however, flocculoso-fibrillose), white-villous at the base. Gills piano - decurrent or adnate with a decurrent tooth, in no wise sinuate, nearly triangular, crowded, almost extending beyond the margin of the pileus, whitish. Habit almost that oi A. pascuus, but the form is plainly different. Among moss, &c. Leigh Down. Aug. Name — vilis, of small value. From its trivial appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 282. Hym. Eur. p. 200. C. Illust. PL 487. 452. A. stilbo-cephalus B. & Br. — Pileus campanulate, ob- tuse, and sometimes umbonate, hygrophanous, when dry whitish, 206 AGARICUS. Clitopilus. somewhat silky, sparkling, margin straight. Stem hollow, some- what equal, undulato-fibrous, silky. Gills broad, adnate, and sometimes emarginate behind, veined. Ascot. Name — o-TtAjSw, to glisten ; K€^a\^, head. Br. n. 1758. C. Ilhist. PI. 324. b. From the sparkling pileus. B. 6^ Leptonia. Subge7iiis XV. LEPTONIA (AeTTTos, slender). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 201. Rosy-spcred. Stem cartilaginous, tubular (the tube stuffed or hollow), polished, somewhat shining. Pileus thin, umbilicate or with a darker disc, cuticle fibrillose or separating into darker scales, margin at first ijicurved. Gills at first adnexed or adnate, but readily separating. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. 20 1 . The LeptonicE are related to the Clito- pili as the Collybice are to the Clitocybce. The species are small, elegant, brightly coloured, inodorous (except A. i?ica- niis), and abound in rainy weather. Gregarious or growing in troops ; on the ground, commonly on dry mossy ^,^, , . ,r .. ■ -. y pastures, but also in marshy places. XVI. Agaricns {Leptonia) lam- ^ i>ropus. One-half natural size. * q^^ whitish. Pileus slightly fleshy, without strise, not hygrophanous. ** Gills at the first azure-blue or slightly dark-blue. *** Gills becoming fuscous- or dark-p^irple. **** Gills pallid. Becoming pale, yellow or green. ***** Gills grey or glaucous. Hygrophanous, pileus somewhat striate. *■ Gills whitish, &c. 453. A. placidus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, fleshy-membranaceous, campanulate then convex, obtuse, without strise, disc densely villous and blackish, otherwise at the very first squamulose on the cinereous-whitish ground with fulig- inous-black fibrils, sometimes at the first flocculose, becoming grey -azure -blue, then with dark concentric scales on a white ground. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stufed, equal, very rigid, smooth, but white-prui7iose and under a lens black-dotted 2X the somewhat thickened apex, otherwise even. HYPORHODII. 207 smooth, dark azure-bhie or black-hlue. Gills annexed, very broad Leptonia. behind, plane, crowded, whitish, edge of the same colour. Variable. Commonly solitary. The form in which the pileus is variegated with darker, here and there concentric scales is larger. Around beech-trunks. Downton, 1880. Autumn. I^-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, very fistidose, equal, moderately tough, under a lens striate and black-dotted upwa7'ds, fuscous-lilac or dark purple, white-villous at the base. Gills at first adnate with a small tooth, when full grown separating, plane, very broad (ovate in form), crowded, distinct, quaternate, white-grey. Inodorous. Among beech-leaves. Forres. Autumn. Name — lappa, a bur. From the prickly pileus. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. p. 285. Hym. Eur. p. 202. Icon. t. 97. f. 2. B. &f Br. ?i. 1225. ^. Mycol. Scot. n. 254- 455. A. lampropus Fr. — Pileus mouse- colour or steel-blue then fuliginous-grey (changing colour but not hygrophanous), somewhat fleshy, convex then expanded (not campanulate), obtuse and at length depressed, when young rather even (never striate) then more or less squamulose. Stem 2.5-4 cent. {i-i/4 in.) long, rather thick, 4 mm. (2 lin.), fistulose, wholly cartilaginous, smooth, even, 710 1 dotted, becoming azure-blue, commonly steel-blue-viola- ceous. Gills adnate, readily separating, then free, ventricose, whitish then slightly rose-colour. The pileus when fresh is opaque, continuous, neither umbilicate nor papil- late. Very different from A. asprellus which may be easily taken for it ; in A. asprellus the stem is slender, the membranaceous pileus hygrophanous, striate when moist, the heterogeneous umbilicus darker, the gills grey. A. glaucus Bull. t. 521 differs in habit, in the slender stem, the striate pileus, &c., but it cannot be referred to any other. The colour is not glaucous. In pastures. Common. July-Nov. Spores irregular, 5-7 angled, 10-14x6-8 mk. B. Name — Ao/x7rpo5, shining ; TTovs, foot. From the shining stem. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 285. hy7n. Eur. p. 202. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. 71. 275. Illust. PL 331. 5. Mycol. Scot, n. 255. 208 AGARICUS. Leptonia. 456. A. aetMops Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {}4-i in.) broad, dlack then fidigiiioiis, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, without striae, streaked with fibrils, smooth however, shining. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, slender, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) tliick, somewhat stuffed, sv(\oot\\, fiiscoiis-blackish, black-dotted upwards. Gills ad- nexed or adnate, sometimes linear, sometimes ventricose, whitish, edge which is of the same colour quite entire. The pileus is not hygrophanous, but when young and dried is shining black. It differs from A. lainpropus in the pileus, which is at the first depressed, and the stem being thinner, the former becoming smooth and shining, the latter black-dotted. It differs from A. serrulatus, to which it is certainly nearest, in the absence of an umbilicus, and in the gills in no wise becoming dark-blue and being quite entire and of the same colour at the edge. In grassy places in woods. Killin, 1876, &c. Sept. Spores irregularly 6-angled, 10-13 x 8 mk. B. Name — AlOtoxp, an Ethiopian. Black. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 286. Hyni. Eur. p. 202. Icon. t. 97. /. 3. B. (Sr" Br. 11. 1649. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 256. C. Illust. PI. 332. a. 457. A. solstitialis Fr. — Pileus becoming fuscous, slightly fleshy, at length depressed, papillate in the centre, slightly wrin- kled, obsoletely innato -fibt-illose. Stem somewhat fistulose, smooth, not dotted, smoke-colour. Gills emarginate, broad, whit- ish, of the same colour at the edge. It differs from A. cethiops in its papillate, slightly wrinkled, fuscous pileus, and its smoke-coloured, not dotted stem. Among stones and on grassy ground. Loch Kinord, &c. Aug.- Sept. Spores very irregular, 6-angled, 12-18x6-8 mk. B. Name — solstitium. From the summer solstice. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 202. Mo?iogr. i. /. 286. B. df Br. n. 1226. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 257. C. Illust. PI. 332. b. Kalchbr. t. 12. /. 3. ^* Gills at the first azure-blue or slightly dark-blue. 458. A. serrulatus Pers. — Pileus at first blackish-blue (shin- ing when dried), fuliginous when old, not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex, umbilicato-depressed, without stride, squamulose. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, somewhat fistulose, equal, smooth, paler than the pileus, black- dotted at the apex, white -woolly at the base. Gills adnate, in the form of a segment, broad in the middle, bluish-grey-whitish, with a black serrulated edge, at length grey-flesh-colour. The stem varies black, azure-blue, bluish-grey, glaucous, and grey. The pileus is black and shining when scorched by the sun, but fuliginous and slightly striate in moist weather. In damp groves it is paler and black- streaked. There is a thinner variety with the stem smooth and grey-fuscous, HYPORHODII. 209 the pileus membranaceous, hemispherical, umbilicate, slightly striate, fuligi- Leptonia. nous then grey, the darker umbilicus scarcely fibrillose, and the gills paler, and whitish at the base. In pastures and grassy woods. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores subellipsoid-sphaeroid, irregular, much angled, 9-10x7-8 mk. K. ; 10-12x6-8 mk. B. Name— serf'u/a, a saw. From the toothed edge of the gills. Pers. Sytz. i. 463. Fr. Mojto^^r. i. p. 286. Hy7)t. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out. p. 146. C. Hbk. 71. 276. I'llust. PI. 333. S. Mycol. Scot. n.. 258. Hobnsk. Ot. 2. t. 38. — Var. expallens. A. columbinus Bull. t. 413./. i. 459. A. euchrous Pers. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first violaceous, at length purple-fuliginous, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, without stride, squamuloso - fibrillose. Stem about 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuff"ed, equal, smooth, naked, even {jiot dotted), tough, dark viola- ceous. Gills adnate, very ventricose, plane, dark violaceous, but becoming pale, the edge which is quite entire retaining the darker colour. Solitary or gregarious, according to Persoon C3espitose. On trunks and stumps, alder, &c. Rare. Oct. I have found several specimens growing together in a casspitose manner. The colour is very fine, intense blue-violet with a tendency to deepen into purplish violet. Spores very irregular, 5-6 angled, 10x6-8 mk. B. Name — e5, well ; XP"S. colour. Finely-coloured. Pers. Syn. p. 343. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 287. Hyvi. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out, p. 146. C. Hbk. ?i. 277. Ilhist. PL 334. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 259. b. caespitosus B. cf Br. n. 791. 460. A. chalybceus Pers. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark violaceous or blackish blue, slightly fleshy, convex, somewhat umbonate, without strise, at the first flocculose, then squamulose. Stem 4-5 cent. (1K-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, stuffed, slightly firm, smooth, even (not black-dotted), dark blue. Gills adnate, crowded, broad, ventricose, bluish-grey-whitish, somewhat paler at the edge. The habit is that oi A. lampropus, but it is very different in its entire struc- ture, its thin stem, and the colour of the pileus and gills. In pastures. Frequent. July-Oct. Name — x«^wi^. steel. From its steel-blue colour. Pers. Syn. p. 343. Ic. pict. t. 4./". 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 287. Hym. Eur. p. 203. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 278. Illust. PI. 335. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 260. Krombh. t. 2../. II, 12. A. columbinus ^cfTc. /. 161. 461. A. lazulinus Fr. — Pileus becoming black -fuliginous, somewhat membranaceous, campanulate, then expanded and ob- tuse, striate, at first smooth, then more expanded and obsolelely o 2 10 AGARICUS. Leptonia. umbilicate, rimoso-squamulose. Stem cartilaginous, fistulose, smooth, even, dark blue, white-woolly at the base. Gills adnate, separating, pallid deep blue, equally atte?iuated from the stem to the margin of the pileus, edge of the same colour. Gregarious, fragile. Its stature approaches nearer to A. asprellus than to A. chalybceus, with which it is often confounded : alhed to Nolanece. There are two remarkable forms, one with the pileus at first black blue, the other date-brown-mouse-colour, with darker disc. On the ground among grass. Aber, 1867. Sept. Name — from Z^/^'j- /a2z///, ultramarine. From the colour of the stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 288. Hym. Eur. p. 203. B. &= Br. 71. 1227. ■3«"X-5He- Gills pallid, &^c. 462. A. incanus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.), variegated fuscous and green, becoming cinereous when diy, somewhat membran- aceous, fragile, convex then expanded, umbilicate, striate, smooth, slightly silky when dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, even, smooth, green or fuscous-green, neither pruinose nor rough-dotted at the apex. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, at length separating, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad at the middle, plane, dista7it, ivhitish- green, then flesh-colour. The pileus is more rarely fibrillose at the disc. Gregarious. According to Secretan the stem varies azure-blue. In pastures. Frequent. July-Sept. The stem often with beautiful verdigris-coloured down at the base. Smell exactly like that of mice. M.J.B. Spores 8 mk. W.G.S.; oval. M.J.B. Name — incanus, grey, hoary. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289. Hym. Eur. p. 204. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. ^jg. Illust. PI. 336. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 261. A. murinus Sow. t. 162. 463. A. formosus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, yellow- wax colour, spri)ikled over with Diinute fuscous squaimdes or fibrils, somewhat membranaceous, slightly tough, convex then l^lane, umbilicate, striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, somewhat fistulose, but internally stuffed with soft white flocci, equal, even, smooth, shilling, yellow. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, somewhat distant, light vellow-pallid, then flesh-colour, edge quite entire, of the same colour. The minute squamules on the pileus give it the appearance of being blown upon with soot. Very much allied to A. asprellus. Among Eqiiisetiun. Scarborough. Sept. HYPORHODII. 211 Name— /ormos?uS, finely formed, handsome, Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289. Hym. Leptonia. Eur. p. 204. A. suavis Lasch n. 285 (var. stem becoming azure-blue). C. Illust. PI. 488. 464. A. chloropolius Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, livid, black - sqtiajnulose 171 the centre, membranaceous, convex then flattened (margin at first inflexed), striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, rigid, smooth, bluish-grey-green. Gills adnate, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, whitish, edge of the same colour. Allied to A. asprellus, from which it differs only in the colour, which, how- ever, is constant. In grassy places. Cabalva, 1879. Oct. Spores irregularly 6-angled, 12-14x6-8 mk. B. ; polygonal, 12 mk. Q. Name — x^'^P^'^^ pa-le green ; ttoAios, grey. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 297, Hym. Eur. p. 205. C. Illust. PI. 337. #-5f*-5t* Qiiis grey or glaucous, &^c. 465. A. asprellus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in.) broad, hygrophanous, at fixsl fnligiiious or mouse-colour, theii livid-grey, somewhat membranaceous, convex then flattened, the darker tmibilicus villous at length squainiilose, marked with spots, striate, sometimes (the disc excepted) smooth, sometimes fibrillose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose, thin, equal, tense and straight, eve7i, smooth, typically livid, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, separating-free, somewhat distant, plane, equally atteiiuated from the stem towards the margin, whitish-grey, the edge, which is quite entire, of the same colour. The stem varies fuscous, green, and azure-blue. In some larger specimens the pileus is squamulose throughout. In open pastures and grassy places. Uncommon. Name — asper, rough. From the roughish pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 289. Hym. Eur. p. 205. Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. ti. 280. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 262. Quel. p. 89. /. 6. f. 4. 466. A. nefrens Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, hygro- phanous, fuliginous then livid-grey, membranaceous, campanulate then flattened, striate, obsoletely fibrillose, with a deep darker umbilictis and at length i7ifundibuliform. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, fragile, equal, smooth, some- what naked, fuscous-livid. Gills adnexed, separating, broad, pallid grey, the edge slightly black but entire. Pileus somewhat undulated. Certainly nearest to A. serrulatus in affinity. -It approaches A. serrulatus as A. asprellus approaches A. chalybaus. 2 I 2 AGARICUS. Leptonia. In grassy places. Ascot. Name — ne, not ; freyido, to bite. From the edge of the gills being without teeth. Contrasted with A. serrulatus. Fr. Motiogr. i. /. 290. Hym. Eur. p. 205. B. ^ Br. n. 1759. Krombh. t. 2. f. 22 ? Noianea. Siibgeiiiis XVI. NOLANEA {nola, a little bell). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 204. Rosy-spored. Stem fistulose, the tube more rarely stuffed with a pith, caj-filaginous. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, campaimlate, somewhat papillate, stri- ate and sometimes even, sometimes also clothed with flocci, margin straight and at the first pressed to the stem, and not involute. Gills free or adfixed and not decurrent. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 206. Noianea agrees with Leptonia and Eccilia among the pink-spored spe- cies. It corresponds with Myce?ia, Galera, and Psathyra. Several En- tolomata are nearly allied. The spe- cies are thin and slender, commonly inodorous and fragile, though some of them are tough. Growing- on the XVII. Af;aric7is {Noianea) pas ctius. One-third natural size. ground in summer and autumn. * Gills grey or fuscous. Pileus dark-coloured, hygrophanous. ** Gills becoming yellow, or rufesccjit. *** Gills shining white then rosy. Hygrophanous. **** Gills whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous. * Gills grey or fuscous, &^c. 467. A. pascuus Pers. — Pileus from scarcely 2.5 to 7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) hrodid, fuligifious when moist, hoary or becoming pale fawn when dry, membranaceous, somewhat acute, conical then expanded, but not flattened, commonly umbonate, smooth, striate when moist, even, silky-shining luhen dry. Stem commonly 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick (sometimes com- pressed), fistulose, soft, equal, silky-fibrous or when more fully grown fibrillose, striate, commonly pallid fuliginous. Gills very much attenuated behind, almost free, thin, crowded, ventricose or rather broader and obtuse towards the margin, grey or whitish- fuliginous, sprinkled but not coloured with the rosy spores. HYPORHODII. 213 Very protean and changeable. Always watery (moist) and very fragile, in- Nolanea. odorous, of a dirty colour, nearest to A. sericeus. Easily distinguished from others by lis Jibrons although slender and rigid ste7?t. Colour various : fulig- inous, fuscous, livid-isabelline, pallid-brick, &c. Among numerous forms the following is to be noted, frequent in moist pine woods in summer : pileus com- monly obtuse, striate, brick-colour then becoming pale ; stem long, slender, 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.), tense and straight, longitudinally fibrillose ; gills almost adnate, linear, narrow, ascending, crowded, pallid. In pastures and open woods. Common. May-No v. Stem splitting into fibres. Spores irregular, angled, 7-1 1 mk. K. ; with 4 or 5 blunt angles, 8-12 mk. B. ; 6x 10 mk. W.G.S. Name — pascuus, of pas- ture. Fers. Conwi. in Schceff. t. 2.2g (not Syn.) Fr. Moiiogr. i. p. 292. Hytn. Fur. f. 206, Berk. Out. p. 147. C. Hbk. n. 281. Illust. PI. 376. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 263. Btixb. C. 4. t. 2.x. f. i. Batt. t. 25. F. — Bolt. t. 35. 468. A. Babingtonii Blox. — Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (X in.) broad, cinereous, shining like silk, adorned with dark-brown subfasciculate fibres, which are free at one end, conico-campanu- late ; disc subsquamulose, margin straight. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, fistulose, clothed with dark-brown down, substrigose. Gills adnate, ventricose, distant, cinereous, darker at the base. Gills glittering with Httle points, (the white antheridia). The form of the spores is peculiar, resembling that of some Funotia, oblong, ventricose on the outer side, rather irregular, sometimes with a distinct septum. In wood. Rare. Oct.-Nov. Name— after C. C. Babington. Blox.—B. 5f Br. 71. 680. PI. xv./. i, 903*. Berk. Out. p. 148. C. Hbk. n. 284. Illust. PI. 377. a. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 207. 469. A. mammosus Linn. — Pileus umber or fuliginous when moist, isabelline-silky when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, conico - campanulate, ^rt/z7/^/^, rarely obtuse, striate, sm^ooth. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, x\-g\(S.., fistulose, remarkably cartilaginous, tense and straight, slightly thickened and white-mealy at the apex, otherwise pol- ished, even, very smooth, fuliginous-livid. Gills adnexed, separ- ating-free, ventricose, not crowded, but only slightly distant, grey, then hoary-rose-colour. Odour peculiar. At first sight it resembles A. sericeus, with which it was joined by Bulliard (/. 526), but it is remarkably different. Often in company with Hygrophorus conicus. It varies in woods with the stem compressed and the gills pure rose-colour. On lawns. Coed Coch, 1872, &c. Sept. Spores irregular, angled, globose, 7-10 mk. K. ; mostly 5-angled, 12-14x8 mk. B. Name — inarmna, a breast. From its shape, and being papillate. Lirni. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 293. Hyin. Fur. p. 207. Icon. t. 98. f. 4 (thinner form). />'. 6^ Br. n. 1343. C. Illust. PI. 377. b. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 22. Batschf. 5. Bull. t. 526 (under A. sericeus). 2 14 AGARICUS. Noianea. 470. A. juiiceus Fr. — Pileusnot2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fulig- inous when fresh, livid when dry, hygrophanous, wholly mem- branaceous, conical then campanulate, very obtuse or umbilicate and somewhat squamulose at the disc, striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, fistulose, slender, equal, round or compressed, even, sinooth, fuscous, then livid-fuscous. Gills ascending, adnexed, separating, somewhat distant, oblong, grey. Pileus becoming black and shining when scorched by the sun. Fragile, in- odorous ; stature that of A.filopcs. It varies in a singular manner with the pileus papillato-cuspidate. In wood. Caernarvonshire. Oct. Spores pretty regularly 6-angled, often with one larger angle, 10-12 mk. B. Name — jiinciis, a rush. Growing in rushy marshes. Fr. Monos;7'. i. /. 294. Hym. Eur. p. 207. Icon. t. 99./. 2. B. ^ Br. 71. 11 16. C. Hbk. n. 285. 471. A. fulvo-strigosus B. & Br.— Pileus i8 mm. {)i in.) broad, 12 mm. {Yz in.) high, grey, conical, slightly wrinkled. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, furfuraceo-squamu- lose, clothed at the base with rigid red hairs, and tinted with the same colour above. Gills adnate, grey. The peculiar character of the strigse separates this from all other species. On the ground in wood. East Farleigh, 1876. Sept. Spores 13x9 mk. B. fr" Br. Name— fulvus, tawny ; strigosus, strigose. From the peculiar strigose stem. B. ^ Br. 71. 1650. ** Gills beco7ning yellow, or riifescejtt. 472. A. pisciodorus Ces. — Pileus 1-4 cent. {}i-i}4. in.) long, tawny-ci7i7iavi07i, somewhat membranaceous, conical then cam- panulate, then convex, obsoletely umbonate, velvety-soft. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2 j^ in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, somewhat fis- tulose, tough, very thinly pruinate, c]iestniit-brow7i thejt becoming black, paler at the apex, somewhat velvety. Gills slightly adnexed, pale yellowish then flesh colour, at length slightly tawny. Smell of rotten fish. Among decayed leaves, &c. Frequent. Oct. I have failed to detect any difference between this and A. cucumis. On ex- amining many specimens of A . cucumis, growing together, so that they were under exactly similar conditions of soil, &c., I found the spores shading from brown to pink. The odour changed from being fishy at first to that of cucum- ber as the plant dried. The colour, moreover, varied. Name — piscis, fish ; odor, smell. Cesati in Crypt. Hal. i. p. 6i. t. 3. f. 2. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 208. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. A' at. vol. vi. /. 214. C. lllust. PI. 378. a. HYPORHODII. 215 473. A. rufo-carneus Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, red- Noianea. brown, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical, umbilicate, indistinctly fibrilloso-squamulose, margin striate. Stem 6 cent. {2)4. in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, incurved at the base where it is slightly thickened, pale rufous, nearly white above, smooth, under a lens minutely fibrillose. Gills adnate, ventricose, attenuated behind, slightly connected and traversed by veins, rose-colour. Taste rather bitter. Spores elliptic. On grassy heaths. Frequent. Sept. Name — ruftis, reddish ; caro, flesh. Berk. Efig. FL v, p. 82. Out. p. 148, C. Hbk. n. 282. Illust. PI. 378. b. S. Mycol. Scot. 7i. 264. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 208. Grevillea, t. TJ.f. 2. 474. A. icterinus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (;^-i in.) and more broad, light yellow -green, more rarely yellowish-honey-colour, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membrana- ceous, slightly firm, campanulate soon convex, even wholly reflexed, but never umbilicate, pellucid-striate, smooth, opaque, slightly silky when dry. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, rigid, mealy sometimes wholly sometimes at the apex, of the same colour as the pileus, but sometimes fuscous. Gills adnexed, separating, ventricose, dista?tt, pallid, saffron- yellow when rotting. The pileus is sometimes here and there sprinkled with superficial flocci ; when luxuriant it is undulated and changeable in form ; disc sometimes obtuse, sometimes papillate, often fuscous and here and there fuscous-squam- ulose. The stem is sometimes compressed and then 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. In cultivated ground the gills vary free and decurrent, distinct and connected by veins, even crisped and anastomosing. In woods and gardens. Edensor. Oct. Spores 10-12x8 mk. B. Name — i/crepos, jaundice. From its yellowish- green colour. Fr. Mo?7ogr. i. p. 296. Hym. Eur. p. 209. Icon. t. 99. f. 4. B. &f Br. n. 1415. C. Illust. PI. 338. ^'^^ Gills shini?ig white theji rosy. Hygrophanous. 475. A. piceus Kalchbr.— Pileus pitch-black, umber when dry, somewhat membranaceous, conical then campanulate, papillate, without striae, smooth. Stem fistulose, somewhat tough, short, even, delicately priiiiiose, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills emarginate, decurrent with a small tooth, ventricose, somewhat distant, white then flesh-colour. Odour of cucumber or fishy. Manifestly allied to A. pisciodorus, but the stem is only 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long. 2l6 AGARICUS. Noianea. In grassy places. Holm Lacy, 1879. Plowright has indicated the opinion {Gard. Chron. Oct. 14, 1882) that A. piceiis and A. nigripes may be one, and that possibly both may be identical with A. cucumis and A. pisciodorus. Name — pix, pitch. Pitch-black. Kalchbr. Hung. Fung. t. 12. f. 3. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 209. C. Illust. PL 379- a. 476. A. infula Fr. — Pileus 1-4 cent, [yi-iyi in.) broad, fawn or fuliginous when damp, isabelline-livid when dry, shining in either state, membranaceous, pliant, conical or campanulate, often repand and irregularly formed when larger, centre at length depressed, smooth, even. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, some- what fistulose, cartilaginous, very tough, striate, polished and quite naked, even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus, pubes- cent with the mycelium at the base. Gills typically adnexed and separating-free, thin, jmr?'ow, very much crowded, at the first s]ii?ti7ig white, then bright rose-colour. In stature and size it varies much like its allies, but differs remarkably from all of them in its extraordinary toughness, its polished appearance, and in the earliest colour of the gills being of a dazzling whiteness. Sometimes it is very small, with the filiform stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, sometimes larger and firmer (but always comparatively slender) 7.5 cent. (3 in.) It varies in the insertion of the gills. Var. versiformis : smaller; pileus 12 mm. {% in.) broad, umbonate, convex then depressed, then papillate in the centre, slightly but very densely striate, silky-shining when dry, sometimes infundibuliform , the papilla, however, persistent. On burnt ground. On lawn. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Name — infula, a fillet, or ornament. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 297. Hym. Eur. p. 209. Ico7i. t. 100. f. I. B. ^ Br. 71. 1760. Buxb. C. 4. /. 28. f. 2. **** Gills whitish. Pileus not hygrophanous. 477. A. verecundus Fr. — Pileus watery reddish, but very pallid, not changing colour when dry, somewhat membranaceous, slightly fleshy at the disc, at tirst somewhat umbonate, then rather obtuse (never depressed), obsoletely pellucid-striate to the middle when damp, but wholly even at the disc, at first sight smooth, but when more closely examined obsoletely silky towards the fioccu- lose margin. Stem 4-5 cent. (iX~2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, slightly firm, somewhat fistulose, cartilaginous, but not very rigid and when crushed splitting into fibrils, becovmig pale, mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, separating, rather thick, dista7it, distinct, ventricose, in the form of a segment, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more broad, ascending-plane, whitish, watery. Spores reddish. Densely gregarious or growing in troops. Scarcely allied to any. HYPORHODII. 217 Among short grass. Aber, 1867, &c. Sept. Nolanea. Name — vej'ecundus, modest. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 210. Ico7i. t. 99. f. 5. B. 6= Br. 71. 1228. C. Ilhist. PI. 340. a. 478. A. ccelestinus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. (i>^ in.) broad, dark azure-blue, streaked, not hygrophanous, campanulate, then convex, obtuse, the rugged disc darker or blackish, striate, lax. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, somewhat fistu- lose, attenuated upwards, white pruinate at the apex, otherwise even and smooth, azure-blue-black. Gills adnate, ventricose, very broad, hoary-white, edge of the same colour. Spores slightly rosy. Remarkable. Its colour is the common colour of the Lepto/ticB, but its stature is wholly that of the Nolanecs. On wood. Stoke Pogis, 1872. Oct. Name — cceluvi, the sky. Azure-colour. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 210. Icon. t. 100. f. 2. B. 5f Br. n. 1416. C. Illnst. PI. 379. b. 479. A. rubidus Berk. — Pileus 8 mm. {y^ in.) broad, white or greyish, at length with a pale ruddy tinge, membranaceous, con- vex, at length umbilicate, finely silky. Stem short, 3-4 mm. (iX-2 lin.) long, thickest above, solid, minutely silky, white or greyish. Gills adnate, broad, ventricose, attenuated behind, with frequently a more or less distinct tooth, sometimes somewhat decurrent, whitish then rose-colour. Smell like that of new flour. Among grass in a conservatory. Milton, 1836. March. Spores eUiptic, M.J.B. ; 4x3 mk. W.G.S. Name — r?^<5^c, to be red. Reddish. Berk. Out. p. 148. Mag. Zool. &f Bat. i. t.-2.f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 283. Illusi. PL 340. b. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 210. Subgenus XVII. ECCILIA. Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 207 excluding Ecciiia. certain species. Stem cartilaginous, tubular (the tube hollow or stuffed), expanded upwards into the pileus, which is somewhat membranaceous and at the first iriflexed at the margin. Gills attenuated behind, truly decurrent (becoming more so when the pileus is depressed, and not separating as those of the species of the former subgenus do). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 211. Ecciiia corresponds with Ontphalia. 2l8 AGARICUS. Ecciiia. 480. A. Parkensis Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous when moist, blackish when dry, by no 7neans hygro^han- otis, membranaceous, piano - convex, deeply iiinbilicate, very smooth (by no means fibrillose), slightly striate to the middle. Stem short, scarcely 2.5 cent, (l in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fis- tulose, attenuated downwards, smooth, not dotted, fuscous. Gills decurrent, crowded, distinct, linear and almost 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, whitish then be- coming dingy flesh-colour. A very remarkable species, of which it is difficult to indicate the nearest affinity. Easily distinguished from neighbouring species by the pileus not becoming pale with dryness. XVIII. Agaricus {Ecciiia') atro- puticUis. One-half natural size. In grassy places. Elmhurst, &c. Monogr. i. p. 301. Hym. Jllust. PL 380. a. Spores subsphreroid-angled, irregular, uni- guttate, 6-9 mk. K. ; 7 mk. W.G.S. Fr. Eur. p. 211. Icon. t. \oo. f. 5. C. Hbk. n. 287. 481. A. carneo-griseus B. & Br. — Pileus grey-flesh-colour, um- bilicate, striate, delicately dotted, margin slightly glittering with dark particles. Stem slender, fibrous-hollow upwards, of the same colour as the pileus, shining, smooth, white-tomentose at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, somewhat undulated, distant, rosy, the irregular margin darker. Its closest ally is A. atridcs, from which it differs in the smooth stem, deli- cate colour, &c. Spores irregular. Among fir-leaves, &c. Aboyne, &c. Aug.-Sept. Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. Stem about 4 cent. (iK in.) long, fiexuous. Name — caro, flesh; griseus, grey. B. &• Br. n. looi. t. i^- /. i. C. Hbk. 11. 286. Illust. PL 380. b. S. MycoL Scot. n. 265. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. '2.\'2. 482. A. griseo-rubellus Lasch. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, hygropha7tous, umber or fuscous when moist, grey when dry, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate, at first convex at the circumference, then plane, striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smootJi, somewhat naked, of the same colour as the pileus or a little paler. Gills slightly de- current, somewhat distant, grey then flesh-colour. Specimens have been gathered a little smaller and paler, with the stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long and thinner, and the gills whitish then flesh-colour. HYPORHODII. 219 On the ground. Sibbertoft. Ecdlia. Spores rather irregular, 5-7 angled, 10-12x6-8 mk. B. Kame—grzseus, grey ; rubcllus, reddish. Lasch n. 566. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 212.. B. &f Br. n. 2004. 483. A. atrides Lasch. — Pileus black, fuscous, becoming pale, black streaked, somewhat membranaceous, plane, deeply umbili- cate, striate. Stem somewhat fistulose, pallid, black-dotted up- wards. Gills deeply and truly decurrejtt, attenuated behind, some- what crowded, pallid, the black edge slightly toothed. It is scarcely to be doubted that it is only a changed state of A. serrvlatus, to which it is very Hke, and from which it does not differ except in its paler colour (stem always pallid), its somewhat streaked (not squamulose), deeply umbilicate and striate pileus, and its gills which are almost whitish and very much attenuated behind. On the ground. Hereford. Not the plant figured by Quelet. B. df Br. Name — dark -coloured. Lasch n. 560. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 2.12. Moyiogr. i. p. 300, B. &f Br. n. 1858, 484. A, atro-punctus Pers. — '^S\.Qy\.^ pale-cinereous, somewhat fleshy, soft, hemispherical. Stem somewhat tough, pallid, shin- ing, with black piinctiform sguamules. Gills decurrent, arcuate, distant, alternate, cinereous-flesh-colour. Gregarious, small. As A. atrides approaches A. serridatus, this seems to approach A. lappida. On the ground. Dinmore, 1882. Oct. Name — ater, black ; punctum, dot. From the dotted stem. Pers. Syn. p. 353. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 212. C. Ulust. PI. 343. 485. A. nigrella Pers. — Pileus growing blackish, umbilicate, smooth. Stem short, glaucous. Gills flesh-colour, then some- what cinereous. Small, somewhat tufted. In pastures. Perth. This appears to be quite distinct from A. atrides; the stem is not nigro- punctate above, nor are the gills nigro-denticulate, B. &" Br. Name — niger, black. Blackish, Pers. Syn. 463, B. &r' Br. n. 1651, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 266. 486. A. rhodocylix Lasch.— Pileus 12 mm. {Yz in.) broad, somewhat fuscous when moist, grey when dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, deeply umbilicate or rather iiifimdibuliforni with the margin reflexed, remotely striate when moist, Jlocculose whcJt dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in,) and less long, 12 mm. {Yz in,) thick, stuffed, thickeiied upwards, tough, smooth, cinereous. Gills 220 AGARICUS. Eccilia. deeply decurrent, very distant, broad, few, the alternate ones shorter, whitish then flesh-colour. j A very remarkable species. It may be well compared with .^4. pyxidatus, but is smaller. It presents a striking analogy with A. umbelliferus, but is readily distinguished by the rosy spores. On rotten wood, and tops of walls. Lincoln, i860, &c. Sept. Spores ovoid, pentangular, spotted, 10 mk. Q. Name — poSoi/, rose ; KuAt|, cup. Only apphcable if "rose" applies to the spores, and "cup" to the pileus. Lasch n. 567. Fr. Moiiogr. i. p. 301. Icon. t. 100. f. 6. B. ^ Br. n. 904. C. Hbk. 71. 288. Illust. PL 343. ciaudopus. Siibgeiins XVIII. CL AUDOPUS (^/^^z/^^^j-, lame ; ttous, a foot). Worth. Smith in Seem. Journ. Pileus excentric, lateral or resu- pinate. Spores rubiginous, in A. byssiscdits at least angular. A small group intermediate between the Hyporhodii and the Dermini. The spores of A. euosjnus and sapidtis are pale lilac, quite different from the rubiginous spores of the Claudopodes. Besides, these species have no affinity with the true Claudopodes, but a very close one with the Leucospori, so that A. eiios7mis was first taken for a variety of A. ostreatus. To none of their finders did it occur to separate these species from the Leucospori and place them among the Crepidoti or the Hyporhodii. Moreover, lilac spores never occur among the Hypo- rhodii, but among the Pratelli. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 213. XIX. Agaricus {Ciaudopus) vari- abilis. Natural size. 487. A. variabilis Pers. — Pileus white, slightly fleshy, resupi- nate then reflexed, even, tojne7itose^ putting forth from the centre a short, incurved, villous stem, which is obliterated when the pileus is reflexed. Gills at first concurrent in an excentric point, then reaching the base, broad, distant, whitish then rubiginous. Here and there it occurs sterile, with white gills. On sticks, stumps, leaves, (Sec. Common. May-Nov. Spores elliptic, rusty-pink. M.J.B.; 6x3 mk. W.G.S.; ellipsoid, 9-14 x 5-8 mk. K.; 6-7x2-3 mk. B. Name — variabilis, variable. Pers. Obs. 2. /. HYPORHODII. 22 1 5./ 12. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 213. Monogr. \. p. 401. Berk. Out. p. 164./. 10. Claudopus, /.I. C. Hbk. n. 272. Illust. PL 344. a. S. My col. Scot. 71. 267. Hussey i, t. 50. Hoffm. Anal. t. 22./ 3. A. sessilis Bull. t. 152. Fl. Dan. t. 1556. A, niveus Sow. t. 97. 488. A. depluens Batsch. — Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, riifescent - hoary, somewhat membranaceous, resupinate then reflexed, changeable in form, soineivhat silky j at first with a villous stem then stemless. Gills scarcely decurrent, diverging, broad, ventricose, somewhat crowded, grey then rufescent. Spores almost rose-colour. After the type of A. variabilis it is resupinate then reflexed, with a stem, which is manifest and villous in younger specimens, and then vanishing, but much more changeable in form, sometimes entire with a central and vertical stem, so that scarcely any form is constant. It is easily distinguished, however, by its thin, watery, fragile substance, by the rufescent-hoary colour (very hygrophanous), and by the pileus being so deli- cately silky that it appears rather smooth, most manifestly white-villous at the base however, with the margin slightly striate in moist specimens. On the ground among moss, in hothouses, &c. Rare. Oct. Name — depluo, to rain. From its watery substance. Batsch f. 122, Fr. Monogr. i. p. 401. Hym. Eur. p. 214. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 273. Hlust. PI. 344. b. Hoffm. Anal. t. 15./. 2. A. epigaeus Pers. perhaps dis- tinct and a species of Crepidotus. B. 6^ Br. n. 1849. 489. A. byssisedus Pers. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) broad, grey., becomi7tg pale luhen dry, slightly fleshy, at length horizontal, rejii/orm, plane, even, villous ; flesh, which is of the same colour, thin. Stem incurved., vilioics, attenuated upwards, 12 mm. (^ in.) long, zoned at the base with white cottony fibrils. Gills adnato- decurrent, ventricose, rather broad, whitish-cinereous, then rubigi- 710US with the spores. When young resupinate. The stem is more distinct and persistent than in A. dcpluens, &:c. On bare soil. Rare. Sept. Fries found it on rotten beech wood. Spores irregular, angulato-stellate, 7 mk. B. &= Br.; 11x7 mk. W.G.S. ; irregular, 6-angled, 8-10x5-6 mk. B. Name — byssus, fine linen thread ; sedeo, to sit. From the cottony fibrils at the base of the stem. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 14. _/^ 4. Fr. Mofiogr. \. p. 402. Hym. Eur. p. 214. B. 5r" Br. n. 686. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 274. Illust. PI. 344. c, A. striatulus griseus Pers. Obs. 2. /. 5. f. 8, 9. 222 AGARICUS. Pholiota. Series III. DERMINI {^ep/xa, a skin or membrane).. Spores somewhat ferruginous, clay-coloured however in most of the Hebe- lomata, fuscous-ferruginous in the Phaeoti, yellow in the Sapinei. Among Dermini there are no species answering to Amanitae, unless perhaps A. caperatus. The Pluteoli exactly resemble Plutei ; therefore these are placed next to Galerae as a distinct group. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 214. The colour of the spores is more variable in this series than in the others. There are no species contained in it with the hy- menophore distinct from the stem. Subgenus XIX. PHOLIOTA (<^oAt'y, a scale). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 240. Partial veil in the form of a ring. This subgenus passes into Flammula without distinct limits. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. i\Af. Pholiota is analogous with Armil- laria and St7'opharia. Care must be taken to distinguish some of the spe- cies from Coriinarii, the distinguish- ing feature being the arachnoid veil of the latter. Most of the PhoHotcB grow on trunks. None are to be commend- ed as edible. A. Humigeni (humus, ground; gigno, to bear). Growing on the ground, not ad?tate to mosses, rarely caespitose. * Eudermini (ev, well ; and Dermini), spores ferruginous. ** Phaeoti {^a.i6'-cinnamon. When young the pileus is incrusted with the veil or with white mealy-floc- cose villous down, which is crowded on the even disc and squanuilose towards the thin lacunoso-sulcate margin ; and as this separates the pileus is naked. Veil universal, floccoso-mealy, at the first cohering in the form of a voiva but not continuous ; in rainy weather remaining in the form of a voiva at the base. Spores dark ferruginous on a white ground, paler on a black ground. There 2 24 AGARICUS. Pholiota. is a smaller form (A. macroptis Pers.) in pine woods, pileus even and paler ; stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, and without a tuberous base; ring oblique and often incomplete. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 10 mk. B. dr' Br. ; 12x4 mk. W.P. ; sphaeroid-ellipsoid, uniguttate, 11-12x8-9 mk. K. Name — capero, to wrinkle. From the wrinkled pileus. Pers. Syn. p. 273. Hym. Eur. p. 215. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 269. C. Illust. PI. 348. Fl. Dan. t. 1675. Krombh. t. 73./". 10-12. Gonn. ^ Rab. iv. t. 5. Cortinarius Fr. Mofiogr. ii. p. 3. Berk. Out. p. 183. C. Hbk. n. 486. Var. macropus B. &= Br. n. 1939*. 492. A. terrigenus Fr.— Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (i}4-3 in.) broad, dingy yellow, fleshy, moderately cojjipact., convex or on account of the involute margin lens-shaped, then at length flattened, ob- tuse, by no means viscid, adpressedly silky with JH^rils, and fibril- loso-scaly towards the margin ; flesh yellow. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) thick, fleshy fibrous, stuffed, then also hollow, equal (at least not thickened at the base), becoming dingy yellow, sqicarrose in the form of S7nall ferriigifious ivaf-ls and fibrillose. The veil forming a continuous web from the involute margin of the pileus to the stem, then disrupted, remaining partly annular on the stem and partly appendiculate on the margin of the pileus. Gills wholly adnate and decurrent with a tooth, not sinuate, scarcely crowded, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid light yellow then olivaceous-ferruginous. The colour of the pileus varies rufescent. Veil fugacious in old specimens. Warts similar to those of the stem, easily separating, occur towards the mar- gin of the pileus. There are smaller forms with the veil obliterated which may be easily mistaken for Cortinarii, as C. venatus and C. depexus. On old earthy stumps. Kenmore, 1877, &c. Aug.-Nov. Name — terra y earth ; gigno, to bear. Growing on the ground. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 215. Icon. t. 103. B. &f Br. n. 1652. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 270. C. Illust. PI. 349. Kalchbr. Huiig. t. 14. /! i. 493. A. erebius Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, hn-idoxh^- coming ferruginous-lurid when moist, becoming pale (ochraceous- clay) when dry, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, smooth, almost viscid, hygrophanous, striate at the margin when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, "equal, smooth but somewhat striate, becoming pale. Ring superior (apical), ca7npaiuilate, sulcate, white. Gills adnate, somewhat dis- tant, pallid then dingy cinnamon. Many of the stems often cohering at the base, where they are squamulose. Pileus often slightly wrinkled. Gregarious, fragile. In woods, chiefly under beech. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. Name — ^"Epe^o?, dark or gloomy looking. From the lurid colour. Fr. DERMINI. 225 Monogr. i. p. 306. Hym. Eur. p. 216, Sv. Bot. t. 584. B. 6^ Br. n. i860. Pholiota. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 271. C. Illust. PL 358. A. denigratus Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 45, &c. A. Leveillianus Doz. &= Molk. Berk. Out. p. 152. A. jecorinus B. &> Br. n. 328. 494. A. ombrophilus Fr. Wholly pale ferritgiiious when damp. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, clay colour when dry, fleshy, convex then plane, gibbous, here and there repand, even., smooth, almost viscid, very hygrophanous, striate at the margiji when moist J flesh thin, soft, white when dry. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, hollow., somewhat fragile, equal, obsoletely fibrillose or slightly striate, pallid. Ring distant, ciitij-e, reflexed, membranaceous, white. Gills adfixed, but veiitricose, at length separating, almost free, crowded, pallid, then watery ferruginous. Gregarious, growing in troops after copious rain. There are two forms a) typical : b) brunneolus (figured in ' Icones') smaller, pileus obtuse, brown ; gills narrower. Oh the ground. Coed Coch, &c. Spores 8x4 mk. W.P. Name— 6/i,|3po?, rain ; (^tA.o?, loving. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 216. Icon. t. 103. B. &= Br. 71. 1861. C. Hlust. PL 359. A. togularis Fr. Monogr. i. p. 306. 495. A. togularis Bull. — Pileus 4 cent. {1%. in.) hro?i([, pallid ochraceoiis, fleshy, soft, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, or- bicular, without stricB, smooth ; flesh thin, soft, becoming yellow. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, rigid, equal, cylindrical, fibrilloso-strigose, naked and becoming yellow at the apex, becoming fuscous downwards. Ring medial, more than 2.5 cent, (i in.) distant, entire, spreading-reflexed. Gills adnato-separating, ventricose, crowded, narrowed in front, becoming yellow, at length pallid ferruginous, never becoming fuscous. Protean, slender, very variable in stature, growing in troops. B. More slender, but densely gregarious, with the wholly pallid smooth stem thinner, often fiexuous. This form is exactly A. mesodactyltis Berk. C. Very small. Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very fiexuous, becoming ferruginous. In grassy places. Rare. May-Oct. Name — togula, a little cloak. From the ample reflexed ring hanging like a little cloak. BulL t. 595. f. 2. Fr. Hym. Blur. p. 216. Icon. t. 104, var. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 272. C. Illust. PL 350. A. Arrhenii /v-. Monogr. i. p. 307. A. mesodactylus B. 6^ Br. n. 681. t. 9./. i. ** Phaeoti. Spores fuscotcs-ferruginozis. 496. A. durus Bolt. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, tawny, tan colour, becoming fuscous, fleshy, somewhat coj/ipact, P 2 20 AGARICUS. Pholiota. convexo-plane, obtuse, smooth, then cracked into patches, margin even. Stem commonly curt, 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 12 mm. {% in.) thick, stuffed, even solid, hard, becoming silky-even, then longitudinally cracked when dry, thickened at the apex, mealy and more than usually widened into the pileus, varying ventri- cose and irregularly shaped. Ring torn. Gills adnate, striato- decurrent with a tooth, ventricose, 12 mm. {%. in.) broad, livid then fuscous-ferruginous. The stem is abundantly furnished with fibrillose rootlets at the base. Although very closely allied to A. prcecox, it is readily distinguished by its ferruginous or brown-ferruginous spores. In garden ground. Uncommon. Spring and Autumn. Spores 9x5 mk. IV.G.S. Name — durus, hard. From its compact nature. Bolt. t. 6y.f. I. Fr. Monogr. i, p. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 216. Berk. Out. p. 149. C. Hbk. 71. 289. Illust. PI. 423. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 273. Quel. t. 7. f, 8. A. obturatus Krombh. t. 2^./. 14-22. 497. A. prsecox Pers. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish then tan colour, fleshy, soft, convex, soon plane, obtuse, even, smooth, moist but not viscous in rainy weather, becomi7ig pale; flesh soft, white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, stuffed, hollow upwards, equal, even, fragile, at first mealy with white flocci, then somewhat naked, white, white floccose at the base. Ring entire, reflexed, white. Gills ?'0imded-ad7texed, quaternate, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, crowded, whitish, then becoming fuscous. S^oresbrown inclining to fuscous. There is a var. much smaller by waysides : pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i-i^ in.) broad; stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-iM in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 hn.) thick, stuffed with a soft pith; ring fugacious or only appen- diculate. In pastures, waysides, &c. Common. Spring-Autumn. Ring striate above. Paler than A. durus, but it is very doubtful whether it is really distinct. M.J.B. Spores sphosroid- ellipsoid, 8-13x5-7 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. '^z.mo.—prcecox, early. Pers. Syn. p. 420. ~Fr. Monogr. i. p. 305. Hym. Eur. p. 217. Berk. Out. p. 149. t. 8./. i. C. Hbk. n. 290. niust. PI. 360. S. Mycol. Scot. 7i. 274. Letell. t. 608. Krombh. t. $$. f. 11- 16. A. candicans Schceff. t. 217. Var. minor, Batt. t. 20. C. B. Truncigeni. On wood, &c., most frequently c^espitose. * ^geritini. Pileus naked not scaly, &^c. 498. A. radicosus Bull— Pileus 7-5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, somewhat clay-coloured, then spotted-rufous, fleshy, convexo- plane, regular, 7iaked and even, somewhat dry; flesh moderately thick, whitish. Stem 7-5-io cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. {yi in.) DERMINI. 227 thick, solid, firm, but spongy within, white, thickened at the base ¥ho\xot?i. a7id fusiform-rooted J co7iceiitrically scaly below the distant, rather erect, entire ring, the scales erect, floccose ; mealy-pruinate at the apex. Gills rounded behind, somewhat free, very crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, pallid, then together with the spores rufescent- ferruginous. The pileus becomes spotted-rufous with the shed ferruginous spores. Smell strong, sweetish, pleasant ; taste pecuhar. Solitary or gregarious, not caespitose. In woods about stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Smell hke that of prussic acid. M.f.B. Berkeley notes that the gills are more adnate than free. Spores 8x4 mk. W. G. S. Name — radix, root. From its rooting stem. Bull. t. 160, Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 308. Hym. Eur. p. 218. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. 71. 291. Illust. PL 361. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 275. Krombh. t. 62./! 6-10. 499. A. pudicus Bull. — Pileus fleshy, convexo-expanded, obtuse, even, dry, smooth. Stem solid, somewhat equal, even, the spreading ring persistent. Gills rounded-adnate, ventricose, ivhitish then tawny. Single or caespitose, rather large, stem often excentric and incurved at the base. According to the figure of Bulliard the disc is sprinkled with white pruina. On elder-trunks, (Sic. Uncommon. June. White or slightly tawny. Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad. Stem thick ; cuticle sometimes cracked. Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — pudicus, modest. A. albus Bull. t. 597. /. 2. R.S. Lctell. t. 664. B. fulvellus Bull, t. S97f- L.O. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 218. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. ti. 292. Illust. PI. 362. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 276. HitsseyW. t. 31. Batt. t. 8. A. 500. A. leochromus Cke. — Pileus 5-75 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, bright tawny, paler (whitish) at the margin, fleshy, convexo-plane, at length depressed, soft, smooth, not shining, generally rivulose from the cracking of the cuticle. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, slender, solid, fibrous, internally amber-brown at the base-, exter- nally paler, white above, nearly equal, smooth, shining. Ring persistent, tawny. Gills rounded, adnate, slightly ventricose, pallid then cinnamon. Ccespitose. Spores profuse. Allied to A. pudicus and A. capistratus, but differing in habit and structure from both. Esculent. On elm-stumps. Highgate, 1862. July. It approaches the tawny variety of A. pudicus, Fr. Name— Ae'wi', a lion ; xpiofxa, colour. Cooke in Sec77i. fourn. Bot. 1863. t. 3. /! 3. Hbk. n. 293. Illust. PI. 363. B. ^ Br. 11. 1002. Fr. Hy?n. Eur. p. 218. 2 28 AGARICUS. Phoiiota. 501. A. capistratus Cke.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, livid, tawny, rather viscid when moist, whitish when dry, fleshy, convex, margin involute and slightly striate. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, thick, stuffed, nearly equal, subsquamulose. Ring large and entire, spreading and persistent. Gills decurrent, crowded, rather fleshy, pallid, growing darker. Subcaespitose. Taste rather unpleasant. Distinguished from A. pudicus, &c,, by its decurrent gills, its more robust habit, and the folding in of the margin of the pileus. Said to be edible. On old stumps, elm, «S:c. Highgate, 1862. Aug. Spores of the same size and colour as those of A. leochromus, IV.G.S. Name — capisfrtitn, a halter. From the ring. Cooke Seevi. Journ. Bot. 1863. t. 3. f. 4. Hbk. 71. 294. PL I. f. I. Illust. PL 364. B. 6^ Br. n. 1003. Fr. Hy7?i. Eur. p. 21S. 502. A. segerita Fr. — Pileus tawny, becoming pale-white to- wards the margin, fleshy, convex then plane, 7'ividose, slightly wrinkled ; flesh white. Stem stufled, equal, white-silky, fibrillose, the superior ring swollen. Gills adnate, decurrent with a small tooth, crowded, pallid \k\^x\ fuscous. Odour pleasant. C.nespitose. On dead ash. King's Lynn. July. Name — ai-yetcos, the black poplar. From its being first found on black poplar. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 219, Brigant. t. 32, 33. f. 1-4. Batt. t. 6. E. C. Illust. PL 453. 503. A. luxurians Fr. — Pileus yellowish- white, then rufous- fuscous, fleshy, convexo-gibbous, then flattened, unequal, silky, then squamulose. Stem stuffed, rigid, somewhat squamulose, white then becoming fuscous; r/;z^^-i in.) thick, solid, haj'-d, stout, fibrillose, white, commonly curved-ascending, veiled at the apex, internally rhubarb - coloured at the base. Gills rounded behind, slightly adnexed, very broad, plane, crowded, at first pallid, at length dirty ferruginous. Disc piano-truncate. The veil is more rarely in the form of a perfect ring at the very apex of the stem, commonly appendiculate on the pileus or in the form of a cortina, floccoso-radiate, but always encircling the stem with an annular zone. Solitary. Most distinct from its strong pungent odour, almost that of horse-radish. On trunks of poplar and birch. Bromley, &c. Spores spheroid-ellipsoid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K. Name — eVepo?, one of two; kA.iV(o, to lean. Leaning to one side, or excentric. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 309. Hym. Eur. p. 220. B. 6^ Br. n. 1230. C. Hbk. n. 295. Hlust. PI. 366. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 23. Hoffm. Ic. anal. t. 14./. 2. A. aurivellus Fl. Bor. t. 386. 506. A. aurivellus Batsch. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, yellov/ or ferruginous- yellow, fleshy, campanulate then convex, compact at the disc and hence gibbous when expanded, moist, scarcely viscous, with darker adpressed spot-like scales, when young sprinkled with floccose scales towards the margin ; flesh both of pileus and stem white, at length becoming yellow, . Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) and more thick, 230 AGARICUS. Phoiiota. Stuffed, somewhat rooted, somewhat equal, at least not attenuated towards the base, but here and there thickened, commonly curved, clothed with adpressed, floccoso-fibrillose, fuscous- ferruginous scales, at length somewhat naked, fibrillose, becoming yellow. Ring silky from the inflexed margin of the pileus, not far distant on the stem, somewhat membranaceous. Gills simiato-adiiexed, broad, crowded, at first whitish, then straw-coloured, at length ' ferruginous-date-brown or somewhat fuscous, never however in- clining to olivaceous. Odour scarcely remarkable. Not densely casspitose, and often solitary. Spores ferruginous. Most distinct alike from A. heteroclitus and from A. squarrosus ; very much allied to A. adiposus. On old trunks. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Very beautiful. More retined in appearance than any of its allies. Spores ellipsoid or subellipsoid, 8-9 x 4-5 mk. K. Name — aurum, gold ; velhis, fleece. From the scales. Batsch f. 115, also 114. Fr. AIo?wgr. i. p. 311. Hy?n. Em-, p. 220. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. n. 298. Illust. PL 351. Saund. 6^ Sin. t. 9. B. salicinus, darker. Schuvi. — Fl. Daii. t. 2074. 507. A. squarrosus Miill. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) broad, saffron - ferruginous, squarrose with ijinate, crowded, revoliite, darker {\i^^ovmVi^ fuscous), persistent scales, fleshy, campanulato- convex then flattened, commonly obtucely umbonate or gibbous, dry ; flesh light-yellow, compact when young, sometimes thin. Stems curt when young, as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long when full grown, as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick at the apex, remark- ably attenuated downwards, stuffed, squarrose as far as the ring with crowded, revolute, darker scales. Ring only slightly distant from the apex, rarely membranaceous, entire or oftener laciniate, generally floccoso-radiate, of the same colour as the scales. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, narrow, pallid-oliva- ceous then ferruginous. Spores ferruginous. Very caespitose, forming large heaps. Stems commonly cohering at the base, varying very much in stature in the same cluster ; varying also much thinner, scarcely ever curved-ascending. Odour heavy, stinking ; sometimes, however, obsolete. About roots of trees, chiefly ash. Common. July-Dec. Spores ellipsoid, 7-8X4-5mk. K.; 4X5mk. W.G.S. Name — squarrosus, rough. Miill. — Fr. Mojiogr. i. p. 310. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Berk. Out. p. 150. C. Hbk. n. ^gj. Illust. PI. 267. »S. Mycol. Scot. n. 277. Hussey i. /. 8. A. squamosus 5?^//. t. 266. A. floccosus Schceff. t. 61. Sow. t. 284. Gi-ev. t. 2. * A. Miilleri Fr. — Pileus obtuse, mo\s\., pallid, with darker ad- pressed scales. Gills becoming fuscous. Stem equal, ring entire. Agreeing in smell with the common form. On beech. DERMINI. 231 Name — after O. F. Miiller. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 311. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Fl. Pholiota. Dan. t. 831. Batschf. 114. Saund. &f Sm. t. 18. /! i. C. Illust. PL j\ji. * A. verruculosus Lasch. — Pileus compact, obtuse, yellow, with crowded cinnamon scales 2.Vl^ papillcE. Stem villous-scaly. Remarkable, perhaps to be regarded as a distinct species. On trunks of maple. King's Cliffe. Name — verruca, a wart. With small warts. Lasch '^- 353- B. 6^ Br. n. 1939. 508. A. subsquarrosus Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, brow7i-ferruginous, with darker, addressed, floccose scales, fleshy, convex, obtuse or gibbous, viscid. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long-, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, stuffed (often hollow when old), equal, yellow-ferruginous, clothed with darker scales which are adpressed, or spreading only at the apex, not squarrose, furnished with an annular zone at the apex, becoming yellow- ferruginous within. Gills deeply sinuate, emarginate, ahiiostf7-ee, arcuate, crowded, at first pale then dingy yellow. Spores ferruginous. The pileus is viscid, but not glutinous like that of A. adiposus. It holds a doubtful place between A. atirivellus and A. squarrosus, departing from both, however, in the gills being at the first yellow ; and from A. squarrosus, to which it is more like, in the gills being emarginato-free, not decurrent. Somewhat caespitose. Almost inodorous. On a fir-stump and on the ground. Herefordshire, &c. Sept. Name — sub, and squarrostis, rough. Roughish. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 298. Hym. Eur. p. 221, Icon. t. 103. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882,/. 215. B. &f Br. n. 1862. +t Gills yellow then pure ferriiginotis or tawny. 509. A. spectabilis Fr. — Pileus 5-12.5 cent. (2-5 in.) broad, tawny or golden-yellow then becoming pale, fleshy, compact, hemispherical, obtuse, dry, torn into adpressed, innate, pilose squamules of the same colour, continued into the veil at the in- flexed margin ; flesh thicky hard, sulphur-yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, solid, hard, more or less ventricose and exteiided into a fusiform root, sheathed with the veil J sometimes smooth, shining, sometimes squamulose, sulphur- yellow, mealy above the inferior, spreading, persistent, even 7'ing. Gills adnate, most frequently with a small decurre7tt tooth, very crowded, 7iarrow^ at the hrsi pure yellow, at length ferruginous. More or less densely casspitose, very compact, shining as if varnished in dry weather, although it is by no means viscous. Flesh with a bitter-aromatic taste, A species remote from all others, analogous with A. aureus, but per- haps most nearly allied to A. radicosus. On oak-stumps. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. 232 AGARICUS. Pholiota. Spores 8x 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — specfadi lis, of striking appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 313. Hym. Eur. p. 221. Icon. t. 102. B. 6^ Br. 71. 904*. C. Hbk. n. 300. Ilhcst. PI. 352. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 278. Hiissey i. t. 71. A. aureus Sow. t. jjl Berk. Out. p. 149. A. rhabarbarinus A>t?wi5A. /. 3./, 3, not Pers. 510. A. adiposus Fr.— Pileus 7.5-17.5 cent. (3-7 in.) broad, vellow, fleshy, convex then flattened, somewhat gibbous, very viscous, covered v^^ith superficial, somewhat concentric, Jloccose, ferruginous scales, which are at first adpressed, then squarroso- reflexed, separating; flesh whitish, compact at the disc. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent, (j^-i in.) thick, solid, tiiicic- ened dow7iwards, compact ; when young whitish then light yel- low, viscous, clothed with daj'ker (from the ferruginous spores), squarroso-refiexed, separating scales. Ring for the most part in the form of a cortina, floccoso-radiate, yellow, at length ferrugin- ous. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, broad, quite entire, at first pallid light-yellow, then ferruginous. The gluten on the pileus falls in drops in rainy weather, carrying down the scales with it. In dry weather the pileus is shining with the dried gluten. When rightly developed very striking, often of very large size. Commonly forming large clusters. On beech and ash trunks. Frequent. Oct. Coloured like a ripe pine-apple, M.J.B. Spores 8x5 mk. W. G.S. Name — adcps, fat. Stout, obese. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 312. Hym. Eur. p. 222. Berk. Out. p. 151. /. 8./. 2. C. Hbk. 71. 299. Illust. PL 353. Klotzsch i7i Ft. Bor. t. 471. 511. A. flammans Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, yel- low-tawny, fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, abso- lutely dry, sprinkled with supejjicial, pilose, somewhat concentric, paler or sulpJiur-yellozv, squarrose or curly scales; margin at first inflexed, then repand when larger ; flesh thin, light yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, most frequently flexuous, very light-yellow as are also the crowded squarrose scales. Ring membranaceous, entire, not far removed from the pileus, of the same colour. Gills adiiate and without a tooth, somewhat thin, crowded, at the first bright sulphiw-yellow, at length ferruginous, edge quite entire. Pileus by no means hygrophanous. It is distinguished from all others by the sulphur-yellow scales on the taw7iy pileus. Forming small clusters. In- odorous. The ring is sometimes only indicated by an annular zone. In woods, chiefly Scotch fir. Frequent. July-Oct. Spores ellipsoid, 4x2 mk, K. ; ellipsoid, 3-4X2-2><, C.B.P.; 4x2 mk. IV.P. 'Na.me^lainma, flame. From its bright colour. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 315. Hym. Eur. p. ■22.'2. Icon. t. 104. Berk. Out. p. 151. C. Hbk. n. 301. Illust. PL 368. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 279. DERMINI. 233 512. A. Junonius Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, yellow, PhoHota. fleshy, firm, convexo-plane, obtuse, dry, even, smooth; flesh com- pact, pallid. Stem 4-5 cent. (i>^-2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, firm, incurved, often excentric, even (not scaly), mealy above the ring, yellov^. Ring inferior, reflexed, entire. Gills adnate, crowded, comparatively broad, plane, yellow, at length becoming ferruginous. Spores ferruginous. Solitary. It must be carefully distinguished from a somewhat ringed form of A. hybridus. On trunks. Highgate. Oct. Spores 7x4, W.G.S. Name — after Juno. Beautiful. Fr. Monogr. \. -p. 315. Hym. Eur. p. 223. Sv. Bot. t. 584. B. &" Br. n. 1231. C. Hbk. n. 302. I II list. PI. 369. Saund. 6^ Sm. t. 18./". 3-6. 513. A. tuberculosus Schasff. — Pileus 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, tawny-yellow, compactly fieshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, sometimes depressed, very dry, properly smooth, but brokeii up into innate, broad, adpressed scales; flesh becoming yellow, not very thick. Stem curt, scarcely exceeding 2.5 cent, (i in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, but 12 mm. (^ in.) and more at the bttlbo^is base, hollow, incurved, fibrillose, somewhat scaly, often excentric, of a bright light yellow. Ring somewhat membranaceous, reflexed, falling off. Gills emarginate, crowded, broad, plane, light yellow then tawny or spotted-ferruginous, edge serrulated. Spores ochrey-ferruginous. Solitary. When the ring falls off it may be easily taken for Flammula. Allied to A. curvipes. On sawdust. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct. The typical form is erumpent from the bark chiefly of birch. Spores 7x4 mk. W.P. Name — tuber, a swelling. With small protuberances. Schceff. t. 79 (a form departing from the type). Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 316. Hym. Eur. p. 223. Icon. t. 104. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1863. C. Illust. PI. 370. a, 514. A. curvipes Fr.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1K-2 in.) broad, tawny yellow or orange, fleshy, thin, but slightly firm and tough, convex then expanded, obtuse, wholly innato-flocciilose, then torn into minitte scales, dry, not hygrophanous. Stem 2.5-4 cent, (i-i J!^ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more \\\\QV,fistiilose, eqical, incurved, tough, Jibrillose or delicately squamulose, light yellow. Ring rarely manifest, cou\vc\ox\\y Jloccoso-radiate, soon vanishing. Gills ad?tate, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, light yt\\oyN\sh., pallid at the sides, at length tawny, edge white, at length Jioccoso-crenate. Pileus well formed. Stem sometimes attenuated downwards. Spores slightly tawny. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, very changeable. I'Yom the evanescent ring it may be easily taken for Flammula. 234 AGARICUS. Pholiota. On sawdust and fallen trunks. Coed Coch, 1879. Oct. Name — curva, curve ; pes, foot. With curved stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 316. Hym. Eur. f. 223. Icon. t. 104. f. 2>- B. Sf Br. n. 1864. C. Illust. PI. 370. b. A. muricatus b. Syst. Myc. i. p. 244 — Batt. t. 22. A. (with the elongated stem somewhat naked). *"^* Hygrophani. Gills cinnamon, &^c. 515. A. dissimulans B. & Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first lurid, at length becoming pale or whitish, campanu- late, very obtuse, scarcely slightly viscid, hygrophanous, at length flattened, involute at the margin. Stem fistulose with transverse dissepiments, thickened downwards, shining white, cottony at the base. Ring erect, for the most part persistent. Gills sinuato- adnate, at length decurrent, pallid, clay-colour. Pileus at first of the colour of A. erebius. On sticks of hawthorn and sloe. Hothorpe, 1881. Name — dissimulo, to dissemble. From its appearing like A. erebius. D. fir" Br. n. 1940. C. Illust. PL 371. 516. A. Cookei Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, dirty pale- yellowish, fleshy, conical then convex, viscid when moist, sprinkled with darker adpressed scales. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, equal, fibrillose, rufous brown below. Ring very tender. Gills adnate, slightly ventricose, at length brown. Nearest to A. subhiteus Fl. Dan. In damp places among grass. Dinmore, &c. Oct. Name — after M. C. Cooke. Fr. in lilt. Grevillea, vol. v. p. 56. t. 2>2. f. i. C. Illust. PL 354. 517. A. subluteus Fl. Dan. — Pileus yellow, fleshy, thin, flat- tened, umbonate, squamulose, margin striate when moist. Stem stuffed, smooth, yellow, thickened at the base, ring spreading. Gills decurrent, crowded, cinnamon. Somewhat casspitose, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) The scales on the pileus are darker. On grassy ground. Faldonside, 1884. Oct. The habit is peculiar, but the colour of the specimens was paler than described by Fries. The stem was long (10-12. 5 cent., 4-5 in.), comparatively thin, and somewhat irregularly flexuous. Name — sub, and liiteus, yellow. Yellowish. FL Da?i. t. 1192. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 224. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. A' at. 1885, p. 23. 518. A. confragosus Fr. — Pileus about 4 cent. {1% in.) broad, brick-red or cinnamon-rufous when moist, tawny when dry, hygro- DERMINI. 235 phatioiis, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, very obtuse, de7tsely Jioccii- Pholiota. loso-furfiiraceous on the sjirface, margin striate when moist, without striae when dry. Stem when young 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, flexuous or incurved, wholly pale- ferruginous, not of a different colour at the base. Veil sheathed- fibrillose oji the stent; towards the apex of the stem terminating in a membranaceous, persistent, spreading, and at length reflexed, even ring ; above the ring the stem is striate, but naked, not mealy. Gills adnate, scarcely decurrent, very thin and crowded, linear, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, rufous or cinnamon-rufous; edge under a lens unequal, crenulated. Somewhat cEespitose, fragile. The floccoso-furfuraceous covering of the pileus is such as is not observed in any other species. When the plant is old the stem is longer, but slender, and, as well as the even pileus, denuded, and the ring collapsed. More allied to A. conspersus and A. ftirfuraceus than to A. miitabilis, &c. , but most distinguished. A variety of ^. imitabilis with squamulose pileus is not to be compared with this. On old fallen elm. Coed Coch, 1866. Spores oblong, ferruginous, 9 x 37 mk. B. df Br. ; 12 x 5 mk. W.P. Name — confragosus, broken, rough, uneven. Fr. Monogr. i. f. 318. Hym. Eur. p. 224. Icon. t. 105. f. 2, 3. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1232. 519. A. mutabilis Schsff. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, cinnamon when moist, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, commonly obtusely umbon- ate, sometimes depressed, even and smooth, but when yoiing occasionally squamulose throughout. Stems about 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mim. (2 lin.) and more thick, rigid, stuffed then hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, scaly-squarrose as far as the ring, ferriiginoiis-blackish or umber downwards, often ascend- ing or twisted. Ring membranaceous, externally squamulose. Gills adnato - decurrent, crowded, rather broad, pallid then cinnamon. Densely caespitose, variable in stature. Fl. Dan. t. 2076. f. i, intermediate between this and A. marginatus. On stumps, &c. Common. April-Oct. Spores ellipsoid-obovate, 7-13 x 4-6 mk. K. ; 6x11 mk. W.G.S. ,"7x4 mk. W.P. 'Na.me^fnutadit/s, changeable. Schceff. t. 9. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 319. Hym. Eur. p. 225. Sverig. alt. Svamp. t. 47. Berk. Out. p. 151. /. ^.f. 3. C. Hbk. 71. 303. Illust. PI. 355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 280. Hussey ii. t. 27. Le7iz. f. 20. Krombh. t. 73. f. 7-9 a. Bull. t. 543. O.P.R. 520. A. marginatus Batsch.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, honey-coloured when moist, tan when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, margin \ 236 AGARICUS. PhoHota. Striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistidose, equal, Jibrillose or slightly striate, not scaly, of the same colour as the pileus, but becoming fuscous and commonly white velvety at the base. Ring 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) distant from the apex, often in the form of a cortina and fugacious. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, narrow, at first pallid, then darker cinnamon. Very much allied to A. 7nutabilis, but constantly dififerent, commonly smaller, solitary or gregarious, more rarely CEespitose ; pileus paler, stem less rigid, substance and colour more watery. It varies much, and is deceptive on account of the vanishing veil. In hedges there is a very small casspitose form with the pileus only 12 mm. (5^ in.) broad, and the stem tough and smooth, with exception of the remains of the fugacious cortina. There also occur on the ground among mosses smaller and paler forms, which must be carefully distinguished from A. unicolor, &c. In woods, chiefly pine. Frequent. Sept.-Dec. Name — marginatus, margined. Probably from the striate margin. Batsch f. 207. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 319. Hyni. Eur. p. 225. Be7'k. Out. p. 151. C. Hbk. n. 304. Illust. PL 372. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 281, Krombh. t. 73./". 5, 6. — B. A. mutabilis Batsch f. 208, smaller, darker (certainly not A. mycenoides). 521. A. mustelinus Fr. — Pileus yellow, ochraceous, slightly fleshy, campanulate, convex, even, smooth, dry. Stem fistulose, even, pallid, white-mealy above the superior reflexed ring, thick- ened a7id white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat dis- tant, /rtw;zy-cinnamon. Solitary. There is a larger form ; stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, striate, pileus 12 mm. {%, in.) broad. On stumps. Guildford, 1882. Sept. Name — mustella, a weasel. Weasel-coloured. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 225. C. Illust. PI. 356. Mich. t. 80./ 6. 522. A. unicolor Fl. Dan. — Pileus 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, bay-brown then ochraceous, hygrophanous, fleshy, campaimlate then convex, somewhat umbonate, smooth, rather even. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then fistulose, equal, even, somewhat smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Ring membranaceous, entire, slight, persistent. Gills slightly adnexed, ventricose, broad, pallid-ochrey. Pileus at length striate at the margin. Always very small, slender, some- what gregarious. There is another form, differing in the shorter stem and triangular gills, which are broadly adnate behind, even decurrent with a tooth, although separating. On trunks, branches, larch, &c. Hereford. DERMINI. 237 Name — unicolor, of one colour. Fl. Dan. t. 1071.7. i. Fr. Moiiogr. \. p. PhoUota. 320. Hym. Eur. p. 225. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1524, C. Illust. PI. 356. b. Bull. t. C. MusciGENi. Like ringed GalercB, hygrop?ianous. 523. A. pumilus Fr. — Pileus 6-10 mm. {2>-S lin.) broad, ochra- ceous, moderately fleshy for its very small size, campanulate then hemispherical., obtuse, smooth, even (not slightly pellucid-striate when moist); flesh thin, watery. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (1-1)4 in.) long", 2-3 mm. {i-i/4 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, lax (not tense and straight), even, smooth, of the same colour as the pileus. Ring ^xsixnoX, floccoso-wove7t, in the form of a zone. Gills zvholly adnate, at first ascending, then plane, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, almost triangular, crowded, stopping short of the slight acute margin, pallid. The ring in the form of a zone is similar to that of various Corfinarii, and is not membranaceous as in allied species. Very distinct from all others. Solitary or gregarious. Of the same colour as A. hypnorum but more fleshy. Among moss on old wall, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Jan. The plant may be readily overlooked as a species of Pholiota from the nature of the ring. The gills are sometimes scarcely crowded. It stands severe frost. Name — pumilus, dwarf, diminutive. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 321. Hym. Eur. p. 226. Icon. t. 105./". 4. Berk. Out. p. 152. C. Hbk. n. 305. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1882, p. 215. 524. A. mycenoides Fr. Ferruginous when in vigour, when dry sometimes tawny, sometimes pale. — Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) broad, membraiiaceous, campanulate soon hemispherical, some- what obtuse, smooth, striate, hygrophanous. Stem about 4 cent. {lyi in.) long, I m. {yi lin.) thick, fistulose, _/?/z/6'r;;z, even, smooth, tawny-ferruginous, darker than the pileus. Ring membranaceous, entire, white, persistent. Gills adnate, with a small decurrent tooth, somewhat distant, at length plane, ferruginous. A remarkable species, somewliat tender, growing in troops. Stem longer in mossy places. In no wise to be confounded with very small forms of A. mar- ginal us, such as Batschf. 208. In damp dells, and on lawn among moss. Rare. Oct. Berkeley notes that his plant had a white stem but that Fries considered it the same as his A. mycenoides. Spores ovoid-ellipsoid, 8-10x5-6 mk. K. Name — Mycena-like. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 321. Hytn. Eur, p. 226. BerJi. Out. p. 152. C. Hbk. 71. 306. 238 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Siibgejiics XX. INOCYBE {Is, fibre; kv&^, head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 254. XXI. Agaricus (^Inocybe) lafiiigi- ttosus. One-fourth natural size. Universal veil somewhat fibrillose, concrete with the cuticle of the pileus, often free at the margin, in the form of a cor- tina. Gills somewhat sinuate (but they occur also adnate and in two species decurrent), changing colour, but not cinnamon-pulverulent. Spores often rough, but in others even, more or less fuscous-ferruginous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 226. Inocybe (with Hebeloind) corresponds with Tricholonia. Inocybe and Hebe- loma have some common features, but they are really very distinct. Inocybe is readily distinguished by the silky- fibrillose covering of the pileus, which never has a distinct pellicle, by the veil which is continuous and homo- geneous with the fibrils of the pileus, and by the ferruginous- fuscous spores. All grow on the ground. They are (mostly) strong-smelling (commonly nauseous). None are edible. The position q{ Inocybe among Dermini is not satisfactory. It forms a very natural group of itself, and is, in many respects, not properly allied to Dermini. It might form a distinct genus in- termediate between the Agarici and the Cortinarii. I. Squarrosi (squarrose). Pileus at the first squarrose, somewhat fuscous, and stein scaly of the same colour. II. Laceri (torn). Pileus torn into scales or fibres (not split into cracks) ; stem coloured, paler than the Y>^\e\xs, fibrillose. III. Riinosi (cracked). Pileus longitudinally fibrous, soon cracked and here and there adpressedly scaly ; stem zuhitish, slightly tinged with the colour of the •^Wt.xxs,, fibrillose. Many of them become yellow when old. IV. Velutini (velvety). Pileus not cracked, the cuticle fibrillose-woven, be- comitig even or adpressedly scaly, disc even; ste?n polished, smooth, whitish, mealy at the apex. V. Viscidi (viscid). Pileus becoming even, viscid (with one exception). I. — Squarrosi. Pileus at the first squa7-7'ose, &^c. 525. A. hystrix Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, mouse- colour, fleshy, firm, but not compact, convex then flattened, ob- tuse or slightly gibbous, orbicular, squarrose with revolute floe- DERMINI. 239 cose scales, which are fibrilloso-adpressed towards the margin ; inocybe. flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and more thick, solids firm, equal or for the most part attemiated downwards, somewhat fusiform, fuscous-mouse-colour, sqiiarrose with revolute crowded floccose scales as far as the sharply defined annular zone, above the zone even and pallid. Gills adnate, crowded, linear, plane, at first whitish, then becoming ficscoiis. Stature wholly that of A. squarrosus, but the colours are very different, and there is no affinity between them, A. relicimis, which is nearest to it, is readily distinguished by the gills being yellow then olivaceous. In woods. Heywood Forest, Herefordshire. Autumn. Spores pruniform-cuneiform, 11-14 n^^- Q- > io><5 rnk- ^V.P. Name — hystrix, a porcupine. From the scales. Fr. Mofiogr. i. p. 334. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Icon. t. 106. f. I. C. Illust. PI. 424. 526. A. relicinus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. [Yz in.) broad when young, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more when expanded, fuliginous, fleshy, thin, conical then expanded, obtuse, everywhere scaly- squarros2 with fasciculate down. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, soft., equal, fioccoso-scaly (but not squarrose) and fibrillose, fuliginous, paler at the apex. Gills ad- nexed, crowded, at first ascending, j^^/^t^/ then olivaceous. Scarcely any odour. It differs remarkably from all neighbouring species in the colour of the gills being at first yellow t/icfi olivaceotts. In marshy fir woods among Sphagna. Kinnordy. July-Sept. Name — relicinus, curled backwards. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i, p. 335, Hym. Eur. p. 227. Berk. Out. p. 152. B. df Br. n. 1344. C. Hbk. n. 316, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 282. 527. A. calamistratus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) and more broad, everywhere fuscous and sguarrose-scaly, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, margin at first bent inwards, often repand, at length flattened. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid and tough, equal, somewhat rooting, fuscous, but dark azure-blue below, sqtiarrose throughout with rigid recurved scales. Gills adnexed, separating, crov/ded, broad, white then ferruginous, the remarkably whitish edge somewhat serrated. It is very easily distinguished from all others by the azure-blue base of the stem, by the reddish flesh, and by the gills being at length ferruginous. The edge of the gills is thick. Odour strong, peculiar. In ditches and waysides in woods. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Spores 12 mk. , smooth, B. ^ Br. ; subreniform, lo-ii mk. Q. Name — calamister, curling-iron. Curled. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 335, 240 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Icon. t. 106. f. 2.. B. &f Br. n. 1234. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 283. C. Illust. PI. 389. 528. A. hirsutus Lasch. — Pileus 12 mm. (^ in.) high and when flattened still broader, fuscous, slightly fleshy, conical then cam- panulate, iimbonate, acute, squarrose with fasciculato-pilose scales, when older inclining to ochrey, fibrillose towards the margin which is hence fringed. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, solid, sleiider, but tough, fibrillose., floccoso-scaly (not squarrose) at the apex, somewhat thickened and dark ^reejt at the base. Gills adnexed, ascending, crowded, thin, narrow, pallid then becoming fuscous, the white edge slightly toothed. It clearly differs from neighbouring species in the green base of the stem, and in the gills becomi?ig at length fuscous. The disc of the pileus is sometimes green. Odour much less than that of A. calamistratus. In moist beech woods, &c. Rare. Oct. Name — hirsutus, bristly. Lasch n. 577. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 336. Hym. Eur. p. '2.2.']. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. 76. 5. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, /. 23. 529. A. lanuginosus Bull. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, um- ber, at length becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, campanulato- or hemispherico-convex, obtuse; then more expanded, somewhat wvc)hovL2X^,fioccoso-scaly, squarrose with scales which are erect and pointed at the disc; flesh of the pileus and of the stem whitish. Stem 4-5 cent. {i/4-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, solid, tough, equal, whitislL-fuscous., sqiiainulosofibrillose with fuscous down at the base ivhich is of the same colour, white-piilveriilent at the apex. GiUs separating-free, veiitricose, broad, crowded, thin, pallid-clay colour, edge slightly toothed. The stem is not squarrose as in A. calamistratus., &c. Inodorous, well formed. In mixed woods, near pathways. Uncommon, July-Sept. Name — latiugiiiosus, woolly, downy. Bull. t. 370 (departing in the rufescent gills). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 227. Bej'k. Out. p. 153. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 284. Vaill. Par. t. 13./. 4-6. A. flocculentus Poll. 3./, 288. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 336. C. Hbk. n. 317. Compare Pers. Ic. t. 8. y. 4. 530. A. dulcamarus A. & S. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, olivaceous-fuscous, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, then expanded and MYcihox\2L\.Q.,fio ceo so-scaly, silky towards the margin; flesh thin, becoming yellow-white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, someiuhat hollow, not very rigid, equal, corti- nato-fibrillose, and adpressedly squainulose, paler than the pileus, mealy at the apex. Gills arcuato-adfixed, ventricose, crowded, pallid then olivaceous. DERMINI. 241 Gregarious. In the form which appears in summer the scales on the pileus Inocybe. are squarrose, and the gills darker ; in that of autumn, the scales are adpressed and the gills paler. Batt. t. 18. A. On the ground in mixed wood. Pass of Killiecrankie, 1877. Aug. Pileus convex, umbonate, umber, clothed with adpressed fibres, the centre breaking up into areolate patches, about 8-12 mm. (K-K in.) across ; stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more high, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, of the same colour as the pileus, scaly below, tomentose above ; gills clay-coloured, ventricose, margin paler, waved, adnata, with a strong decurrent tooth ; spores even ; flesh white ; taste at first pleasant. In one specimen the gills are just as figured by Per- soon. Though he gives in his specific characters '' stipite nudo" the stem is represented in the figure as scaly. B. 5^ Br. The above description of the specimens which I submitted to Berkeley was written on account of their de- parture from the type as figured by Persoon. Name — dulcis, sweet ; aniarus, bitter. Alb. &= Schw. 71. 489. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 337. Hym. Eur. p. 2.'2.2>. B. &f Br. 71. 1653. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 285. Brigant t. 4./.S- A, uniforniis Pers. Ic. t. IS- /■ I- 531. A. plumosus Bolt. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. {1-1% in.) broad, mouse-colour, slightly fleshy, somewhat membranaceous at the circumference, convex then plane, more rarely obtusely umbonate, at the first squarrose with erect fasciculate fioccz, fibrilloso-silky at the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) even 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed when young, then hollow, equal or attenuated at the base, flexuous, everywhere fioccoso-scaly, ftilig- iiioiis-nioiise-coloiir, of the same colour at the base, naked (not pruinose) at the apex. Gills somewhat adnate, scarcely crowded, narrow, not very ventricose, pallid mouse-colour, the edge which is of the same colour quite entire. Odour weak, almost pleasant. It is easily distinguished from A. lacerus by the flesh both of the pileus and stem never being reddish. In moist pine woods. Rare. Aug. Name — phnnosus, feathery. From the downy tufts on the pileus. Bolt. t. 33. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 337. Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. n. 318, Illust. PI. 425. A. 532. A. cincinnatus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {Yz-i in.) broad, fuscous, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, commonly obsoletely um- bonate, villous-scaly ; flesh white. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, solid, tough, equal, tense and s\.r2i\ghU fibrilloso -scaly, fuscous -violaceous. Gills adnexed or attenuated behind, separating, ventricose, crowded, fuscous-vio- laceous. Inodorous, slender, somewhat gregarious. It differs from all others in the colour of the gills. In beech woods. Coed Coch. VOL. I. Q 242 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Spores granulated or irregular. B. df Br. Name — cincinnus, a curl, lock. From the scales. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 338. Hym. Eur. p. '22&. B. &= Br. n. 1654. C. Illiist. PI. 425. B. 11. — Laceri. P ileus torn mto scales or fibres, &^c. 533. A. pyriodorus Pers. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fuscous then becoming pale-ochraceous, fleshy at the disc, other- wise thin, ovate then campanulate, obtuse, very scaly at the disc, otherwise everywhere torn into fibrils, margin often bent inwards and repand ; flesh becomi7ig red. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 1-2.5 cent, (/^-i in.) thick, solid, internally fibrous and soft, fragile, somewhat equal or attenuated at the base, often curved ; exter- 7ially veryfibrillose, becoming pale, white-pidveriilent at the apex, becomijig red internally. Gills at first ad n ate, then somewhat emarginate, crowded, thin, linear, often crisped, at first whitish, then becoming fuscous, edge whitish. It has the peculiarity of the flesh proper of the pileus easily separating alike from the stem and from the hymenophore. Pileus reddish when young. Odour pleasant, of pear or violet. In woods and gardens. Uncommon. Sept.-Dec. Name — pyrus, pear ; odor, smell. Pers. Syn p. 300. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 338. Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. n. 319. Illust. PI. 472. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 286. Bull. t. 532./". i, larger form. 534. A. scaber Miill. — Pileus becoming pale-fuliginous or pale- tan, variegated with adpressed, da?'ker (fuscous) spot-like fibrous scales, fleshy, somewhat compact, conical then convex, obsoletely gibbous; flesh firm, white, not reddish. Stem 4 cent. {1% in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) and in the larger variety 10 mm. (5 lin.) thick, solid, firm, equal, white, externally stiff, the cuticle being as if somewhat cartilaginous, but silky-fibrillose or even velvety. Gills slightly adnexed, thin, crowded, whitish then somewhat fuliginous. Odour not remarkable. It departs from the rest in its stature which is curt (like that of .^. sambucinus) and robust. In mixed woods. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Pileus about 4 cent, (ij^ in.) broad. Spores pruniform, 13-15 mk. Q. Name — scaber, rough. Miill. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 339. Hym. Eur. p. 228. Berk. Out. p. 153. C. Hbk. ?i. 320. Illust. PL 391. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 287. Sow. t. 207. 535. A. maritimus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, fuscous or mouse-colour, becoming hoar)^ when dry, hygrophajious, fleshy, somewhat soft, convex the7i fiattened, obtuse or umbonate, fibril- lose, more or less adpressedly scaly ; flesh becoming fuscous-grey. DERMINI. 243 Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, equal, inocybe. Jibrillose, at first furnished with a cortina, a little paler than the pileus, not pidverident at the apex. Gills rounded-adnexed, some- what separating, ventricose, fuscous grey t]ien becoming ferruginous. The whole plant is almost of one colour, but is distinguished from the rest by its hygrophanous pileus. Odour not remarkable. On sandy ground in woods. Glamis, 1874, &c. Sept. -Oct. It is not confined to maritime districts, but is found in the native pine woods in Scotland. Name — maritivius, pertaining to the sea. Found originally by the sea-shore. Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 339. Hym. Eur. p. 229. B. (5r Br. n. 1525. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 288. C. Illust. PL 392. Fl. Dan. 1846. /. i ? 536. A. lacerus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, mouse- colour, becoming pale, becoming yellow when old, but not hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex thejt expanded, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, at first adpressedly fibrillose, then riniosely scaly and squarrose. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, thin, tough, equal or attenuated at the base, paler than the pileus, everywhere fiiscoiis-fibrillose. Gills attenuato-adnexed, ventricose, broad, crowded, but almost distant when the pileus is expanded, quite entire, white-flesh then mouse- colour. The pileus is not split longitudinally into cracks as in A. rimostis. Com- monly gregarious. Odour and taste almost none. It varies very much, but is easily distinguished from species which are somewhat like by the flesh being reddish, and by the stein never being zuhite-pulverulent at the apex. There is a more slender variety with hollow stem and narrower gills. "*• In woods, chiefly on naked soil. Common. July-Oct. Name — lacerus, torn. Torn into scales. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 339. Hym. Eur. p. 229. Berk. Out. p. 154. C. Hbk. 7i. 321. 6'. Mycol. Scot. n. 289. Hoffm. Ic. t. 12. f. I. 537. A. flocculosus Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, brown- ish fawn-colour, somewhat fleshy, convex, somewhat campanulate, umbonate, silky-squamulose, the margin smoother; veil Vv^hite, fibrillose, fugacious. Stem 4 cent. {i}4. in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fibrillose, pale-fawn ; beneath the fibrillae brown, the apex minutely squamuloso-pulverulent. Gills arched behind and then adnate but not broadly so, ventricose, at first pale-fawn, at length dull-ferruginous, margin white. Odour like that of new meal, but nauseous. On naked soil the characters are as described above ; among grass the pileus is smoother, more tawny, rimosely silky, and the gills not arcuate behind but broadly adnate. Very nearly allied to A. latiuginosus and to A. lacerus. On the naked soil and among grass. Rare. Sept. -Oct. 244 AGARICUS. Inocybe. Spores irregular, 9 mk., sometimes slightly elongated, B. &> Br. Name — Jloccosus, floccose. Clothed with small flocci. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 97. Out. p. 154. B. df Br. n. 1940*. C. Hbk. n. 323. Illust. PL 393. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. 2.2^. 538. A. Bongardii Weinm. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, becoming- fuscous when moist, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, cai)ipa7iiilate, obtuse, scaly on the disc, torn into fibrils towards the margin, but not cracked ; y^-j^j-/^ thin, reddish. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, rigid, equal or with a little bulb at the base, Jibrillose, pallid-rufescent, reddish silky downwards, white-pulverule7it at the apex. Cortina none. Gills adnexed, ventricose, broad, not much crowded, pallid-reddish the7i cinnaino7i. Odour pleasant, exactly that of pears (" Bergamotte" : Weinm.) Solitary. Stature and colour of pileus very variable. On sandy ground. Culbin sand-hills, Findhorn, &c. May- Aug. Spores bulging to one side as in Eunotia, 12 mk. B. b' Br. Name— after Bongard. VVeinm. p. 190. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 340. Hym. Eur. p. 229. Icon, t. 107. y. I, 2. B. &= Br. n. 1417, 1940*. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 290. C. Illust. PI. 381. Kalchb. t. 20./. 2. 539. A. muticus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, whit- ish, with fibrils which become fuscous, fleshy, convex then plane, always very obtuse, a7id ai le7igth so77iewhat depressed i7i the ce7itre, somewhat squamulose, dry. Stem 4-5 cent, {\yi-i in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, conspicuously attenuated downwards, fibrillose, white-straw-colour becoming somewhat fuscous. Gills wholly adnate, thin, crowded, white then becoming slightly fuscous. Firm, well formed. It holds a doubtful place between Lacei'i and Rimosi. In shady woods. Coed Coch, 1880. Spores 6x4 mk. W.P. Name— i';/?^/zt7^j, maimed. Meaning not apparent. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 346. Hym. Eur. p. 230. Icon. t. 109, f. i. B. &■ Br. n. 1865. C. Illust. PL 382. 540. A. carptus Scop. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark fuscous, fleshy, convex then flattened, depressed, with woolly filaments. Stem hollow, attenuated downwards, with woolly filaments like the pileus. Gills adfixed, ventricose, broad, brown- fuscous. Everywhere fibrillose. Taste bitterish-sweet. On naked soil. Coed Coch. DERMINI. 245 Spores even, B. 6^ Br. Name — carpo, to pluck or tear. Torn into fila- Inocybe. ments. Scop. Cam. p. 449. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 230. B. ^ Br. n. 1655. C. Ilhist. PL 426. A. brunneo-villosus Jungh. t. 6. /. 5 (short-stemmed). 541. A. deglubens Fr.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1X-2 in.) broad, at first date-brown-rufescent, then becoming yellow, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse or obtusely umbonate, adpressedly torn into fibrils but not cracked, peeling off in darker then separating fibrils ; flesh wholly white. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^2-2 in.) long, so/id, slender, adpressedly scaly-fibrillose, pale but darker and pulverulent with pruina of the same colour at the apex. Gills obtusely adnate, ventricose, somewhat distant, distinct, grey tJien cinnamon. Different from all others in the dark pruina at the apex of the stem. The stature is that oi A. lacerus. In moist woods. Rare. Aug. Name — de, and glubo, to peel. From the surface peeling off. Fr. Monogr. i. ;>. 340. Hym. Eur. p. 230. B. df Br. n. 11 17. C. Hbk. n. 325. Illust. PI. 394. S. My col. Scot. n. 291. 542. A. obscurus Pers. — Pileus azure-blue then becoming fuscous, somewhat fleshy, campanulate then plane, umbonate, longitudinally fibrillose, scaly at the disc; flesh whitish. Stem stuffed, flexuous, fibrillose not scaly, becoming fuscotis-violaceoiis j flesh lilac at the apex. Gills uncinato-adnexed, crowded, ventri- cose, olivaceous then brown. Odour strong, bitterish. Somewhat csespitose. Polymorphous. In the larger form the pileus is more flattened, 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, umbonate, the stem 3 mm. (i^ lin.) thick and the gills paler. In the more slender form the pileus is more convex, only 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, the stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, and the gills olivaceous then brown. On naked ground among pine. Rare. July-Nov. Spores obovate, 10x5 mk. B. &= Br.; 8 x 6 mk. IV.G.S. / pruniform, 10 mk. Q. Name — obscurus, dark. Pers. Syn. 347. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 231. Monogr. ii. p. 300. Ico7i. t. loj.f. 3. B. 6^ Br. n. 682. Berk. Out. p. 154. Saund. ^ Sm. t. 21, lower Jig. C. Hbk. n. 322. Illust. PI. 427. S. Mycol. Scot, n, 292. 543. A. Rennyi B. & Br. Small.— Pileus fawn-coloured, centre brown, hemisphericah Stem attenuated downwards, fibrillose. Spores reniform, suddenly swollen behind, nucleate, 12-18 mk. Hereford. Name — after J. Renny. B. ^ Br. n. 1761. 544. A. hsemactus Berk. & Cke.— Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, umber, margin pallid, fleshy, compact, obtuse, campanulate, floccosely fibrillose, disc subsquamose, darker. Stem nearly 5 246 AGARICUS. inocybe. cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, smooth, scarcely fibrillose, whitish above, asruginous at the base, nearly equal. Gills adnate, pallid at length clay-colour. Flesh everywhere turning blood-red when touched or wounded. Pileus clad with long darker fibrils. The asruginous colour at the base of the stem pene- trating through the flesh. Spores elliptical, attenuated towards one end, smooth. On lawn. Credinhill Court, 1882. Oct. Name — ai/txa/cTo?, stained with blood. Of the flesh. Grevillea, vol. xi. p. 70. C. Illust. PI. 390. III. — RiMOSi. P ileus longitudinally fibrous y soon cracked, &^c. 545. A. fibrosus Sow. /^7^//^.— Pileus fleshy, thin, obtusely campanulate, silky-even, at length cracked, margin bent inwards, flexuous. Stem solid, long, striate, i-^rt/j/-i^occulose at the apex. Gills free, crowded, linear-lanceolate, whitish-pallid. Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick. Gills about 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad. A remarkable species, taller than the following, stinking, flesh white. It varies with the pileus becoming yellow. In fir woods. Keynston Wood, Dorset, 1808. July-Sept. Spores 11x7 mk. W.G.S.; pruniform, echinulate, 9 mk. Q. Name — fibra, fibre. Fibrous. Soiv. t. 44. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 231. Berk. Out. p. 154. C. Hbk. n. 326. Illust. PI. 454. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 293, A. repandus Fr. Moiiogr. i. p. 341, &c. 546. A. phseocephalus Bull. — Pileus bay-brown, fuliginous, fleshy, conico-campanulate, umbonate, repand, squamulose. Stem solid, somewhat bulbous, of the same colour as the pileus above, white below, villous. Gills free, arcuate, light yellow then earth- coloured. A tall robust species. In mixed wood. Rare. Oct. Pileus about 7.5 cent, (sin.) broad. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long. Spores bright ferruginous. In 1877 I found perfect specimens which fully confirmed Berkeley's opinion that the species is a true Inocybe. The doubt expressed by Fries is therefore set at rest. Name — <^atos, dusky; K^^aX-q, head. Bull. t. 555- /• !• ^^'' Hym. Eur. p. 231. B. &f Br. n. 1233, 1760. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 294. C. Illust. PI. 396. 547. A. fastigiatus Schaeff. — Pileus yellow-fuscous., occasion- ally fuscous-brown, fleshy, conical then campanulate, margin at the first bent inwards, then repand, but varying regular, acute, longitudinally fibrillose and cracked, rarely adpressedly scaly ; DERMINI. 247 flesh thin, white, scissile, the texture of the stem lax and soft, inocybe. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 12 mm. {)4 in.) and more thick, solid, stoict, fleshy-fibrous, but not rigid, equal or rather attenu- ated at both ends, silky-Jibrous or flocculose, somewhat naked however at the apex, pallid. Gills free, ve?it?'icose, crowded, rather thick, yellow then olivaceous. The gills are conspicuously broader than those of A. fibrosns. Stem com- monly curved or ascending. Fragile, gregarious, even caespitose, almost in- odorous. Stature exactly that of Hygrophorns puniceiis. It has been con- founded with A. pyriodoriis. A form has occurred with the stem very ventri- cose, 4 cent, (ij^ in.) thick. In woods. Uncommon. June-Sept. Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) across. Spores rough with httle nodules, M.J.B. "^^ciw^—fastigium, a gable. Pointed or peaked. Schceff. t. 26. Fr. Monogt'. i. /. 342. Hyin. Eur. p. 231. Icofi. t. 108./". i. Berk. Out. p. 155. t. 8./. 4. C. Hbk. n. 327. Illust. PL 383. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 295. Stcrb. t. 2.2.. D.E. 548. A. hiulcus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, fus- cous, becoming olive, slightly fleshy, at first conical, then expand- ed, the more fleshy umbo prominent, everywhere adpressedly squamidoso-fibrillose, cracked. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, slightly Jinn, equal (or with a small bulb at the base), adpressedly Jibrillose, S(\M2iU\u\oso-v[\t2i\y 2X the apex, becoming pale, riifescent when touched, and internally w^hite then reddish. Gills soniezvhat free, with a decurrent line on the stem, but soon ventricose behind, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, thick, somewhat distant, at length plane, slightly rigid, white-flesh colour, darker at the base, when full grown olivaceous-brown. The pileus is cracked, but not so incised as'vcv A. rimosus, &c. Stem some- what curved. From the form of the gills there is a channel round the stem. Odour obsolete. In pine woods. Uncommon. Aug.- Sept. Name — hzo, to gape. Opening into furrows. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 344. Hym. Eur. p. 232. B. 6^ Br. n. 11 18. C. Hbk. n. 333. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 296. C. Illust. PL 397. Kalchb. t. 20. f. i. Batt. t. 18. C. 549. A. Curreyi Berk. — Pileus convex, expanded, longitudin- ally fibrous, slightly cracked, not umbonate. Stem straight, attenuated upwards, finely fibrillose. Gills free, yellowish, then brownish-olive. C\o?,e\y VGsevc\h\mg A. fastigi a t7is, but by no means umbonate. The stem is dark, and the spores, which are subcymbiform, perfectly even. In woods. Fineshade, Norths., &c. Aug. Name— After F. Currey. Berk. Out. p. 155. C. Hbk. ?i. 328. Illust. PL 398. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 232. \ 248 AGARICUS. inocybe. 550. A. rimosus Bull. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, yellowish, but varying rufescent and date - brown (especially when old), fleshy, at first co7iico-cainpa7iulate, obtuse, then more flattened, and at length reflexed, umbonate, somewhat Jibrillose, loi2gitudmally cracked, disc sometimes even, sometimes cracked in a tesselated manner ; flesh firm, ivhite. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, firm, longitudinally fibrous within, round, in the best form thicke?ted even marginato- bulbous and fibrillose at the base, mealy upwards^ becoming yellow or fuscous but always pallid. The thin cortina fugacious. Gills very i7tuch attenuated behi7id, free or slightly adnexed, some- what ventricose, quaternate, whitish the7i beco77ti7ig fuscous, and at length becoming ferruginous, edge serrulated, pallid. Odour earthy. The marginato-bulbous form of stem is probably Schcsff. t. 258./. 1-3. In woods and open ground. Common. June-Oct. Subgregarious. Pileus shining, satiny with adpressed fibrillae, the inner substance appearing through the cracks of a yellow hue ; sometimes the epi- dermis cracks concentrically, and the lower edge of the cracked portions is re- flected so as to present a squarrose appearance. There are several varieties, in some of which the stem is white, in others coloured like the pileus, M.J.B. Spores elliptic, ferruginous, M.J.D. ; ellipsoid or sphaeroid-ellipsoid, even, lo- 14X 5-8 mk. A'. ; iixymk. W.G.S. Name — rzV;?^, a crack. Full of cracks. Bull. t. 388. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 342. Hym. Eur. p. 232. Berk. Eng. Fl. V. p. 97. Out. p. 155, t. 8,/. 5. C. Hbk. ?i. 330. Illust. PL 384. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 297. Sow. t. 323. Grev. t. 128. Batsch f. 107. Krombh. t. 44./^ 10-12. B. pileus adpressedly scaly. A. morosus y?^;?^/z. /. 6.f. 6. 551. A. asterosporus Quel. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-i^ in.) broad, bistre, with brown strise, convex, umbonate, cracked. Stem stuffed, firm, bulbous, furnished with a separable cuticle, reddish, pubescent, with brown striae. Gills emarginate, ventricose, thin, whitish bistre then cinnamon. Odour mouldy. On the ground in wood. Dinedor, &c. Aug.-Oct. Very similar to A. rimostis, for a form of which it might be mistaken with- out examination of the spores. Spores globose, ,012 mm., stellate-spinulose, Q. Name — aster, a star. From the star-shaped spores. Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. vol. xxvi. p. 50. Bull. Soc. Rouen, PI. \\. f. 6. Grevillea, vol. viii. p. jS. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24. C. Illust. PI. 385. 552. A. eutheles B. & Br. — Pileus fawn-coloured, expanded, strongly umbonate, somewhat undulated, silky-shining, somewhat squamulose. Stem solid, fibrous, somewhat equal, slightly striate, pallid. Gills adnate, slightly toothed, pallid, white-margined. Smell farinaceous, rather disagreeable. It differs from A. fastigiatus in the DERMINI. 249 adnate gills, smooth, not rough, spores; and from A. Curreyi, with which it Inocybe, agrees as to the spores, in its strongly umbonate pileus, nearly equal stem, and adnate gills. On the ground among fir-leaves. Aboyne, 1862, &c. Aug.- Oct. Spores subelliptic, 7 mk. B. df Br.; 8 mk. W.G.S. ; pruniform, 12 mk. Q. Name — eB, well ; 0rjA.rj, a teat. With well-formed teat. From the prominent umbo, B. b' Br. n. 1004. t. \i. f. 2. C. Hbk. n, 329. Illust. PI. 386. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 298. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. 232. 553. A. destrictus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 cent. {i%-2% in.) broad, pallid theft rufesceiit, fleshy, campanulato-convex then flattened, umbonate and at length depressed round the umbo which becomes fuscous, cracked, fibrillose then torn into scales ; flesh thifi, white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) rarely more long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, solid, rather soft, somewhat equal, smooth, fibrilloso-striate, be- coming red-whitish, somewhat mealy at the apex. Cortina thin, fugacious. Gills tnici?iato-adnate, crowded, thin, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, whitish then grey-cinnamon. Odour unpleasant. Wholly distinct from A. rimosus. On the ground in pine woods. Coed Coch, 1880, &c. July. Name — destringo, to strip off. Stripped. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 343. Hyni. Ezir. p. 232. Icon. t. io8. B. &^ Br. n. 1866, C. Illust. PL 387. Under A. rimosus Bull. t. 599. 554. A. descissus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish or becoming pallid fuscous, slightly fleshy, conical then campan- ulate, split into radiate cracks when expanded, yrcz^z'/^, fibrillose, striate at the margin. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow \v\\tT\ full grown, fragile, equal, undtclated, soitiewliat fibrillose, white-p2ilveruleni at the apex, externally and internally white. Gills somewhat free, crowded, thin, linear, pallid, the7i becoming fuscous unicolorous. Stature wholly that of A. geophyllus, but thinner, very much allied to A. rimosus. In pine woods. Rare. Nov. Name — de, and scindo, to split. From the split surface. Fr. Alonogr. i. p. 343. Hyju. Eur. p. 233. B. 6^ Br. n. 1526. -5'. Mycol. Scot. 71. 299. Batt. t. 18. F. C. Illust. PI. 428. A. * A. auricomus Batsch. Smaller, thinner. — Pileus becoming yellow, margin striate. Stem fistulose. Gills adfixed, ventricose, whitish-fuscous. Remarkably cracked. It must be carefully distinguished from the yellowish form of A. geophyllus. On burnt soil in woods. Name — aurum, gold ; cojna, hair. Golden-haired. From the yellow fibrillae. Batsch f. 21. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 233. Berk. Out. p. 155. C. Hbk. n. 331. 250 AGARICUS. inocybe. 555. A. Trinii Weinm. — Pileus 12 mm. {)4 in.) broad, whitish - rufescent, tawny when dry, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, obtuse, longitudinally rufescent-fibrillose, scarcely cracked, not scaly. Stem stuffed, equal, slender, /ax/jy riifons-fibrillose, white-mealy. Gills rounded, ventricose. cinnamon, white-floccose at the edge. Clove-scerited. In mixed woods. Rare. Ballinluig, 1877. Aug. Spores strongly granulated, B. &= Br.; 10x5 mk. IV. P. Name — after Trin. Weinm. p. 194. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 233. B. tSr" Br. n. 1656. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 300. C. Illust. PL 428. B. IV. — Velutini. Pileus not cracked, the aiticle Jibrillose-ivove7i, &^c. 556. A. sambucinus Fr.— Pileus 6 cent. (2>^ in.) broad, Tuhite or more rarely becoming pallid-yellow, fleshy, firm, convex then expMided, often ^'epand, but not bent inwards, obtuse, fibril loso- silky and becoviincr eve?i (so as at first sight to appear smooth); flesh white. Stem 2.5-4 cent. (i-i;5^ in.) long, 1-2.5 cent. (;^-i in.) thick, solid, stout, equal or clavate at the base, often decumbent, striate, smooth, white, obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Cortina none. Gills slightly adnexed, crowded, ventricose, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, of one colour, whitish. Always solitary, compact, obese, odour stinking. B. Gills at length date- brown. In pine woods. Perth, »Scc. Nov. '^2i-sx\Q—sambucus, elder -tree. Probably first found among elder. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 344. Hym. Eur. p. 234. Icon. t. 109./. 2. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 301. C. Illust. PL 399. 557. A. caesariatus Fr.— Pileus 4 cent, (ij^ in.) broad, tawny- dirty or like a smooth sugared cake, fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous, repand, becoming silky-even, becoming almost smooth at the disc, silky at the margin ; flesh thin, white. Stem 4 cent. (i>^ in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, unequal, somewhat twisted, somewhat thickened at the base, pruinose but not fibril- lose, /<2//y^. Gills somewhat adnate, thin, crowded, ventricose, whitish-fuliginous, edge of the same colour. Gregarious, somewhat casspitose, slightly firm, with a stinking odour. Under beech. Coed Coch, 1881. Sept.-Oct. The description given above from ' Monographia ' is, as Fries points out in the letterpress to ' Icones," that of the typical form. In wax. Jibrillosa the stem is very ochraceous-fibrillose. The colours especially of the gills, are variable, DERMINI. 251 pallid then ochraceous, at length brown. Spores even, 10 mk. B. 6^ Br. Inocybe. Name — ccesariatus, covered with hair. From the fibrils. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 345. Hym. Eur. p. 234. Icon. t. 109. /. 3. B. fir' Br. n. 1941. C. Illust. PL 388. 558. A. lucifugus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, somewhat olivaceous, sometimes becoming pale, rarely fawn-colour, fleshy, but thin, convex then plane, umbonate, covered with adpressed squamules or more frequently with longitudinal fibrils ; flesh white. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, solid, 7-igid, equal, here and there undulated, scarcely fibrillose, but slightly white-pulverulent at the apex, pallid. Gills somewhat free, or adnexed as the form of the pileus changes, crowded, ven- tricose, plane, whitish then soon yellow, then pure olivaceous. Firm, with a strong pleasant odour, somewhat that of radish. Cortina obsolete. Easily distinguished by the colour of the gills. It varies larger, more robust, often irregularly shaped, with the stem unequal, 12 mm. (K in.) thick, pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, obtuse and very repand, and the gills crisped. On the ground in woods. Frequent. Sept. The stem is sometimes streaked with pink. Name — lux, light ; fugio, to flee. Light-shunning. Shade-loving. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 345. Hym. Eur. p. 234. B. fir' Br. n. 792. C. Hbk. 71. 334. Illust. PI. 429. A. S. Mycol. Scot, n. 302. A. dulcamaras /'d';'^. Ic. pict. t. 15./". 2. B. Pileus adpressedly scaly, thinner, gills broader. A. albocrenatus Jungh. t. 6. f. 4, 559. A. sindonius Fr. — Pileus diiigy white or at length becom- ing yellow, fleshy, somewhat thin, cainpanulate then convex, gib- bous, silky-velvety, becoming even, appendiculate with fibrils of the cortina when young, dry; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, soft, stuffed with a separate pith which disappears, then hollow, equal, at the first slightly fibrillose with the delicate cortina, then becoming smooth, white. Gills atten- uato-adnexed, linear-lanceolate, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, becoming whitish ftiscous. The pileus is not fibrillose. It appears wholly different from A. geophyllus in its hollow stem and stature. In mixed woods. Rare. Sept. Name — ^ in.) and more high and broad, normally white, somewhat fleshy, conical theft expajided, umboiiate, dry, becoming silky- eve7t, then covered with longitudinal fibrils from the cuticle gaping open ; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 more rarely 6 mm. (1-2, 3 lin.) thick, stuffed, slightly firm, equal, commonly tense and straight, smooth, white or tinged with the colour of the pileus and white-mealy at the apex. Cortina fibril lose. Gills almost free, rather broad, ventricose, crowded, whitish then becoming clay-fuscous, at length earth-coloured. XXII. Agnriciis (Inocybe) geo- phyllus. One-half natural size. Thinner than A. sindonius, A. liicifugtis, &c., gregarious; odour earthy. The pileus varies in colour, violaceous-lilac (whitish when full grown), becoming fuscous, brick-red, be- coming yellow. On the ground in woods. Common. July-Nov. The variety lateritius is a remarkable one. It is not altogether red but stained persistently, retaining the colour when dry, Jedburgh, &c. Name — y/j, earth ; (pvWov, a leaf. From the earthy colour of the gills. Sow. t. 124. Fr. Alonogr. i. /. 346. Hym. Eur. p. 235, Berk. Out. p. 156. B. &f Br. n. 1234*. C. Hbk. n. 336. Illust. PI. 401. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 304. A. argillaceus Pers. Ic. pict. t. 14. f. 2. A. afhnis Pers. Ic. descr. t. i. f. i. Bull. t. 522./. 2, too thin. 562. A. scabellus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in-) high and a little more broad, normally fuscous or fuscous-rufescent, slightly fleshy, conical then expanded, umbonate, silky-fibrillose, at length also torn into scales outside the even umbo; flesh dingy. Stem 4 cent. (iX in.) long, 1-2 mm. (X~i li"-) thick, stuffed, thin, equal, tense and straight or flexuous, smooth, rufescent or becom- ing pale, obsoletely pruinose at the apex. Cortina not manifest. Gills adnexed, somewhat ventricose (but varying linear and narrow), more or less crowded, at the first not white but dingy, becoming fuscous. Stem sometimes hollow. Stature of A. geophyllus , but very much thinner, gregarious, inodorous ; the colour, which in A. geophyllus is typically white or lilac, is in this species fuscous or rufescent. A very changeable species. DERMINI. 253 Among short grass. Little Orme's Head, &c. Sept.-Nov. Inocybe. Spores granulated like A. fastigiatus. B. df Br. Name — scaber, rough. Roughish. Fr. Monagr. i. p. 347. Hy7n. Eur. p. 235. Icon. t. no. f. i. B. 6^ Br. n. 1235, 1940*. C. Illust. PI. 402. V. — VisciDi. Pileiis becojning even, viscid. 563. A. trechisporus Berk. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, umbo tawny, margin paler with a slight livid tinge, some- what membranaceous, convex, strongly umbonate, margin thin, at first viscid but soon dry and silky. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, white, slightly striate under a lens and mealy, nearly equal, except at the base, the outer coat of which is cottony. Gills emarginate, scarcely adnate, ventricose, pinkish grey, extreme margin denticulate. Spores bistre-brown, somewhat reniform, covered with granules. In woods among fern. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. It varies with the pileus whitish. Stem stuffed. Undoubtedly overlooked for A. geophyllus, from which it differs in the pileus being viscous when moist and in the colour being sometimes cinereous, Fr. Name — rpaxu's, rough ; o-TTopa, seed. Rough-spored. Berk. Out. p. 156. t. 8. f. 6. B. 6f Br. 71. ji. C. Hbk. n. 332. Illust. PI. 403. a. S. Alycol. Scot. n. 305. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 236. Mofiogr. ii. p. 346. 564. A. vatricosus Fr.— Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) broad, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtusely umbonate, even, smooth, viscid in wet weather, when dry shining and obsoletely silky only round the margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistiilose, equal, curved and contorted, white, not fibrillose, but white villous at the base and wholly whiit -pzilvemlent. Gills adnexed, broadly emarginate, almost free, broad, white then becoming fuscous. Inodorous. Quite singular in the pileus beirig viscid on the smooth disc and silky at the circumfere7ice ; its habit but not its stature is that of ^. geophyl- lus. The stem varies 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long; curved ascending when smaller, often flexuous when elongated. On dead stumps, &c. Bodelwyddan, 1863, »S:c. Sept. Before the veil is ruptured it looks like a smooth Lepiota, B. &f Br. Name — vatricosus, with bad feet. From the distorted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 347. Hym. Eur. p. 236. Icon. t. no. /. 3. B. 6^ Br. n. 1005. C. Hbk. ?i. 337. Illust. PI. 403. b. 565. A. Whitei B. & Br. — Pileus tawny, margin white and slightly viscid, convex, at first hemispherical, the shining white cortina fibrillose, at length expanded and wholly tawny. Stem 254 AGARICUS. inocybe. solid, shining white then tawny, becoming smooth. Gills ad- nexed, at first shining white. A very curious and beautiful little species, allied to A. vatricosus. Stature that of A. geophyllus. In pine wood. Rannoch, 1875. Oct. Name — after F. Buchanan White. B. of Br. 11. 1527. 5. Mycol. Scot. 71. 306. C. Ilhist. PL 404. a. 566. A. tricholoma A. & S.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (X-i in.) broad, whitish, slightly fleshy, orbicular, rather plane, depressed in the centre, fibrillose ivith white, adpressed, at length obsolete hairs, fringed at the margin with strigose hairs, viscid when moist, shining when dry; flesh thin, white. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed, thin, slightly attenuated upwards, whitish, fib7'oso-scaly at the apex. Gills deciirrent, thin, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, becoming at first pallid fuscous then clay-fuscous. In mixed woods. Herts., 1882, &c. Formerly referred by Fries to Flaminula. Spores sphasroid, echinulate, 4 mk. K. Name— from subgenus Tricholoma. Fr. Hyfn. Eur. p. 236. Movogr. i. p. 350 (under Flammula). C. Ilhist. PI. 404. A. gnaphalio-cephalus Bull, t. 576./. I. (gills ferruginous)? Kalchbr. t. 20./. 3. Hebeloma. Subgenus XXL HEBELOMA {^^v, youth ; Aw^a, a fringe). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 249. The partial veil fibrillose or obsolete. Stem fleshy, fibrous, clothed, some- what mealy at the apex. Margin of the pileus at first incurved. Gills sinuato-adnate, edge more or less of a different colour, whitish. Cuticle of the pileus continuous, smooth, some- what viscid. Spores somewhat clay- coloured. Growing on the ground, strong-smelling, very much suspected, certain of them poisonous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 237. Hebeloma corresponds with Trich- oloma. The pileus is never fibrillose, and the veil is heterogeneous from the pellicle. The species appear early in autumn and last late. None are edible. Ev^ XXIII. Agaricus {Hebeloma) fas tibilis. One-third natural size. DERMINI. . 255 I. Indusiati {indusium, a garment). Fur7iished with a cortma from the Hebeloma. manifest veil, by which the filejis is ofte?i superficially silky round the margin.. II. Denudati {denude, to lay bare). Pileus smooth, at the first with no cortina. III. Pusillus (diminutive from pusus, a little boy). Pileus scarcely an inch broad. Stature that of the Naucoriae. I. — Indusiati. Furnished with a cortina from the manifest veil, &^c. 567. A. mussivus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, either of one colour, _y^//(9W, or darker at the disc which is like a smooth sugar-cake, fleshy, comf^act, firm, convex then plane, unequal, very obtuse, viscid, at first smooth and even, then commonly repand and broken up into squamules ; margin inflexed, even, at length repand ; flesh becoming yellow. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, commonly 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, very fleshy, sometimes stuffed, sometimes hollow at the apex, equal or ventricose, wholly fibrillose and pruinate at the apex, light yellow. Veil fibrillose, very fugacious. Gills emarginate, somewhat crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, arid (not distilling drops) at first light yellow, then together with the spores somewhat ferruginous. Odour weak, not unpleasant. Very distinct ; it departs widely from all the following species in its habit and bright colours. The habit is that of a Fla7nmula or Cortinarius, but the gills are emarginate and not pulverulent ; from the repand pileus, from the stem being pruinose at the apex, and from other marks it is to be referred to Hebelomata. In pine woods. Ascot, 1881. Oct. Name — mussivus, stammering, undecided. From its uncertain place. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 322. Hym. Eur. p. 237. Icon. t. ixi. f. 1. C. I litest. PI. 405. 568. A. fastibilis Fr.— Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, pale yellowish, tan or becoming pale, compactly fleshy, convexo- plane, obtuse, somewhat repand, even, smooth, the involute mar- gin pubescent. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {% in.) thick, solid, wholly fleshy-fibrous, stout, somewhat bulbous, often twisted, everywhere white-silky and fibrillose, white, but varying pallid, white-scaly upwards. Cortina remarkable, white, occa- sionally in the form of a ring. Gills remarkably emaf'ginate, somewhat distatit, rather broad, at first becoming pale-white, then dingy clay-colour, edge whitish, distillitig drops in rainy weather. Somewhat caespitose. Odour and taste of radish, bitterish. Like A. crus- tiliniformis ; the odour is the same except that it is stronger, but it differs conspicuously in the manifest veil and soniewhat distant gills. Var. alba, stem longer, equal, somewhat hollow, fibrous-scaly at the apex, gills dis- tant. A. spiloleucus Krombh, t. 62. /. 3-5. A. sulcatus Lindgr. is an ele- .gant form with the margin of the pileus sulcata or rugoso-plicate. 256 AGARICUS. Hebeloma. In mixed woods. Common. July-Oct. A perfect form has occurred with a distinct membranaceous ring, and above the viscid coat of the pileus there was a circle of distinct floccose scales, B. 5f Br, Spores 11x8 mk. IV.G.S. Name — for fastidibilis, fastidio, to loathe. From the disagreeable smell. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 329. Hy?n. Eur. p. 237. Icon. t. III./. 2. B. 6f Br. ?i. 905, 2004*. C. Hbk. n. 313. Illust. PI. 406. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 307. A. gilvus Schceff. t. 221. A. obesus Schum. Batt. t. XV. D. B. pileus purple-brown Paul. t. 53. /. 2 ? 569. A. glutinosus Lind. — Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, yellow-white, the disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, regular, obtuse, with a tenacious viscous gluten, and slimy in wet weather, spriiikled witJi white superficial squamules j flesh whitish, becoming light-yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed, firm, somewhat bulbous, white-sqiiaviulose and fibrillose, and white- mealy at the apex, often strigose at the base, at length ferrugin- ous within. Partial veil manifest, in the form of a cortina. Gills sinuato-adnate, somewhat decurrent, crowded, broad, pallid then light yellowish, at length clay-cinnamon. Odour peculiar, mild. On branches and among leaves, oak and beech. Frequent. Sept.-Dec. So remarkably like A. lenius that I am inclined to think they are the same. See remarks under that species. Spores 5x4 mk. W.P. ; pruniform, 7 mk. Q. Name — gluten, glue. Glutinous. Lindgr. Bot. Not. 1845, p. 199. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 324. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Icon. t. \i2. f. 1. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24. C. Illust. PI. 430. 570. A. testaceus Batsch. — Pileus 4 cent, {lyi in.) broad, brick-pale but more frequently ochraceous-tan or tan, somewhat opaque, fleshy, somewhat thin, cajnpaniilato- convex, then flat- tened, regular and well formed, obtuse, even, smooth, obsoletely viscid or dry; flesh watery, hygrophanous. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, somewhat fragile, hollow, solid how- ever and somewhat thickened at the hsiSt, fibrillose., becoming pale-white, white-mealy at the apex, somewhat squamulose. Gills attenuato-free, la?iceolate, very thin, very crowded, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, at first ascending, pallid then clay-colour, some- what ferruginous. Cortina thin, fugacious. Odour weak, of radish. In woods and meadows. Frequent. Sept.-Oct. Name — /^j-^'i?, a brick. Brick-coloured, Batsch f. 198. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 329. Hyjn. Eur. p. 238. Bei'k. Out. p. 157. C. Hbk. 71. 314. Illust. PI. 408. .S. Mycol. Scot. n. 308. Klotsch, t. 387. DERMINI. 257 571. A. firmus Pers. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, brick- Hebeioma. red, fleshy, campaniclate then Jiatte7ied, timbo7iate, the broad um- bo darker, thin at the circumference, even, smooth, viscid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 12 mm. {yi in.) thick, solid, firm, some- ivhat attenuated and commonly da^'ker downwards, clothed throughout with white. Jloccose squamules. Cortina evident^ white. Gills rounded, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, thin, arid^ clay- colour then ferruginous, unspotted, but white-serrulated at the edge. The gills do not distil drops, hence they are unspotted. Odour weak. In fir woods. Laxton Park, 1875, &c. Feb., Oct. In the letterpress to ' Icones' Fries describes his plant as convex then plane, and notes that the plant of Persoon differs in being campanulate and umbonate. In the fig. of Fries the pileus is at length depressed. The British plant is that of Persoon. Berkeley has gathered a plant referable to this, in which the pileus was at first of a deep brown, changing to tan, and the gills adnate with a minute decurrent tooth. Spores ellipsoid, attenuated at both ends, even, 11-12x5-6 mk. K. '^■^vc\^— firmus, firm. Pers. Ic. descr. t. 5. f. 3, 4. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 330. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Icon. t. 112./. 3. B. 6= Br. n. 1531, 1942*. C. Illust. PI. 409. 572. A. claviceps Fr. — Pileus pallid, co7ivex then expanded, fleshy at the gibbous disc, even, naked. Stem stuffed, equal, everywhere white-mealy, fuscous downwards. Gills emarginate, crowded, arid, pallid. Wholly different from A. firmus P. in the smaller stature of all its parts, in the stem being fuscous downwards, in the pallid gills, chiefly however in the pileus being convex then expanded and discoid, in no wise conical then campanulate. In mixed wood. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — clavus, a nail ; caput, head. From its shape. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 238. Monogr. \\.p. 346. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 309. C. Illust. PI. 410. A. clavus Batschf. 199 not Linn. B. £r= Br. n. 1236. 573. A. punctatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, fleshy, convex, soon plane, disc obtuse or gibbous, always how- ever darker and viscoso-papillose, at length depressed round the umber centre, like a smooth sugared cake, becoming pale when dry, when young superficially silky rou7id the i7iargin with the whitish fibrillose veil. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, in its earliest stage hollow, equal, here and there flexuous, dry, pallid, white-pruinose at the very apex, otherwise silky-fibrillose with the adpresscd veil. Gills narrowed behind and arcuato-adnate, slightly ventricose, crowded, quite entire, 7iarrow, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, plane, pallid. The cortina, which is never in the form of a ring, fugacious. Gregarious, VOL. I. R 258 AGARICUS. Hebeloma. growing in troops ; odour very weak, but not unpleasant, not that of radish. Most distinct from the minute (under a lens) viscous papillas on the pileus. In pine woods. Uncommon. Sept. Name — punctus, a point. Dotted. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 325. Hyni. Eur. p. 239. Icon.t. X'i.2,- f- I- B. 5f Br. 71. 906. C. Hbk. n. 308: S. Mycol. Scot, n. 310. 574. A. versipellis Fr. Young. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, coveredwith a tenacious gluti?ioiis pellicle, like a smooth sugared cake, becoming pale at the disc, covered round the margin with glued white-silky villous down. Stem about (5 cent. 2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, tough, equal, remarkably white-silky with the evident cor- tina and white mealy above the ring for??ied by the cortifta. Gills rounded, crowded, thin, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, quite entire, arid, almost white. Full grown, somewhat old. Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, fragile, of one colour, dingy tan, opaque, dry, as if by the vanishing of the pellicle. Stem longer, not silky, but longitudinally fibrilloso-striate, easily split up into fibres, and at length, chiefly within, becoming fuscous. Gills 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) broad, crowded, in no wise dotted or spotted, pallid then clay-cinnamon. It changes so much with age and weather that it is necessary to describe it separately when young and old. Pileus squamulose when young according to Lindgr. Odour weak, not unpleasant. Somewhat caespitose. Among fir-leaves. Uncommon. Aug. Smell like that of several species of Hymeftogaster. B. df Br. Spores pruni- form, 12 mk. Q. Name — verto, to turn ; pellis, skin. From its change- able appearance. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 326. Hytn. Eur. p. 239. B. &= Br. n. 907. C. Hbk. 71. 309. S. Mycol. Scot. 7i. 311. Sterb. t. 20. B. 575. A. mesophaeus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pale yellowish, or becoming pale, disc somewhat date-brown, slightly fleshy, cojtical then convex, then plane, even depressed and darker at the disc, viscous, eve7t and commonly smooth. Stem 5-7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, somewhat fistiilose, tough, equal, Jibrillose, whitish then ferruginous, becoming fuscous at the base, pruinose at the apex. Corti?ia manifest, but thin, fugacious. Gills rounded or emarginate, crowded, thin, plane, arid, not spotted, clay-ferruginous, the edge, which is not dotted and quite entire, of the same colour. Odour weak, almost none. Variable, growing in troops. The pileus is rarely silky round the margin like A. punctatus, &c. In pine woods. Uncommon. Spores 8x5 mk. W.P. Name — /aeo-o?, middle; <^ato?, dusky. From the dusky centre of the pileus. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. /. 327. Hy77i. Eur. p. 240. Icon. DERMINI. 259 t. 113. /. 3 var. B. (5r Br. n. 908. C. Hbk. n. 310. Illust. PL 411. S. Hebeloma. Alycol. Scot. n. 312. Hoffm. Ic. t. 6. f. 2. minor. C. Illust. PI. 412. 576. A. subcollariatus B. &. Br. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, pallid, somewhat fuscous in the centre, somewhat fleshy, convex, slightly glutinous, the floccose veil vanishing. Stem stuffed, at length delicately fistulose, brown at the base and pul- verulent. Gills ventricose, separating, forming a short interrupted collar, clay-coloured, shining white at the edge. Allied to ^. mesophceus, of which we were at first inclined to consider it a variety. On naked soil. Sibbertoft, 1881. Oct. Spores elliptic, uninucleate, 13 mk. B. of Br. Name — S2ib, and coUai-e, a collar. From the gills forming somewhat of a collar. B. ^ Br. n. 1942. 577. A. senescens Batsch. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more in diameter, ochraceous-tawny, convex then flattened, slightly glutinous, delicately tomentose and white at the extreme margin. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, at first bulbous and fuscous down- wards, then, with exception of the shining white tomentose apex, squamulose, solid. Gills adnexed, crowded, at first pallid then cinnamon. Flesh white ; odour acrid. Sometimes semiglobose. Stem always dark below. Exactly resembling the figure of Batsch, which does not seem to have been noticed by Fries. Among fir-trees. Gwrwch Castle. Corstorphine. Sept. Name — se?iesco, to grow old. B. 5f Br. ti. 1941 bis. C. Illust. PI. 407. II. — Denudati. Pileus smooth, at the first luith ?w co7'tina. 578. A. sinapizans Fr. — Pileus 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.) and more broad, sometimes of one colour, clay, sometimes pale-yellow- ish at the disc, fleshy, compact, convex then plane, very obtuse, for the most part 7'epand and often excentric, even, smooth, slightly viscid when fresh; flesh white. Stem 7.5-12.5 cent. {;})-'^ in.) long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) thick, stout, rigid, somewhat solid, equal or fusiform-rooted, fibrilloso-striate, white, white-squamulose at the apex. Gills deeply emarginate, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, crowded, fragile, opaque, clay-cinnamon, always arid and unspotted, never distilling drops or dotted. The largest of this group. Corresponding remarkably with A. siiinosjcs, but readily distinguished by its strong odour of radish, and quite destitute of a veil. Solitary. Under trees in a field. Uncommon. Sept. 26o AGARICUS. Hebeloma. There is a repand form with arcuato-decurrent gills. Spores pruniform, 12 mk. Q. Name — -shiapi, mustard. Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 327, Hym. Eur. p. 240. B. 5f Br. ?i. 1237. Saund. 6^ Sm. t. 2. C. Hbk. n. 311. Ilhist, PI. 413. Paul. t. 82. 579. A. crustiliniformis Bull.— Pileus pale-whitish tan, most frequently pale-yellowish or brick-colour at the disc, fleshy, con- vexo-plane, obtuse or slightly gibbous with an obtuse umbo, somewhat repand, even, smooth, at first slightly viscid, not zoned ; flesh hyaline when moist. Stem stuffed, then hollow^ stout, somewhat bulbous, white, naked, white-squamulose at the apex. Gills roimded-adnexed, crowded, narrowed, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad and linear, thin, whitish then clay-colour, at length date-brown, the unequal edge guttate, distilling watery drops in wet weather, spotted whejt dry. Veil quite awanting. Odour strong, foetid, of radish. Very variable in stature; the stem, however, is never elongated as in yi. elatus, &c.; in smaller specimens equal, pileus regular, gills almost adnate. In mixed woods. Common. Aug.-Nov. &• Forming large rings. Smell like that of the flowers of the common laurel. A. pla?iHs Sow. is apparently a small form of this species, M.J.B. Poison- ous. Considered very dangerous. Pileus 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) broad. Spores ellipsoid, 10-12x5-7 mk. K.; 9x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — crustulum, a small \i\Q\ for 7}7 a, form. From the shape of the pileus. Bull. t. 308, 546. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 328. Hytn. Eur. p. 241. Sverig. alt. 0. gift. Sv. t. 64. Bej-k. Out. p. 157. t. g.f. I. C. Hbk. n. 312. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 313. Minor, C. Illust. PL 414. Picromyces pessundatus Batt. t. 47. B. gills date-brown. Paul. t. 152. 580. A. elatus Batsch. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, tan-colour, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid when moist, opaque becoming pale-tan when dry, margin very thin. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, stuffed, equal and cyli7tdrical, tense and straight, but the whole constantly twisted with spiral fibres, adpressedly fibrillose, pale-whitish, white-mealy at the apex. Gills rounded, with a small decurrent tooth, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin). broad, not spotted, arid, not distilling drops, quite entire, pale cin- namon. Pileus sometimes only 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad. Odour of radish vejy strong. Veil absolutely no7ie. In larger specimens the stem has an appendage in the form of an ovate villous bulb, which is covered over with fir-leaves. Batsch f 108 represents it pertectly ; it differs, however, entirely from Cortinarius elatior, which Persoon described for it. In pine wood, among moss and leaves. Uncommon. Oct.-Nov. Name — elatus, tall. Batsch f. 108. Fr. Mo77ogr. i. p. 328. Hy77i. Eur. p. 241. B. ^r" Br. n. 1238. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 314. Sau77d. 6^ S7n. t. 42./. i (a curt form). DERMINI. 261 581. A. longicaudus Pers.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1X-2 in.) broad, Hebeioma. clay-colour, the disc sometimes becoming fuscous, fleshy, not compact, convex then expanded, iimbonate, at length repand, even, smooth, viscid ; flesh soft, watery, but not hygrophanous. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) loiig, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, fragile, equal or thickened at the base, obsoletely Jibrillose, w^hite, ?nealy at the apex, at length becoming tawny at the base. No cortina manifest. Gills arcuato-adnate, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, white-clay, at length cinnamon, sen'ulated and so7)iewhai dotted at the edge. Odour weak, not unpleasant, in no wise that of radish. In woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores 11x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — longus, long; cauda, a tail. Long- stemmed. Pers. Syn. p. 332. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 331. Hym. Eur. p. 241. Berk. Out. p. 157. t. 9. /. 2. C. Hbk. n. 315. Illust. PI. 415. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 315. Batt. t. 21. F. Var. radicatus C. Illust. PL 416. 582. A. lugens Jungh. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, brown, becoming somewhat yellov*^, fleshy, convexo-plane, smooth, somewhat viscid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, solid, shining, Jibrilloso-striate, somewhat bulbous, white-mealy at the apex. Gills somewhat free, fragile, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pallid then ferruginous, creiiulated and darker at the edge. Odour strong, but not of radish. Under beech. Lyndhurst. Name — lugeo, to mourn. Sombre in colour. Jungh. in Linn. v. p. 399. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 241. B. fr" Br. n. 1762. — Sterb. t. 19. H. 583. A. truncatus Schjeff.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, somewhat rufous, paler round the margin, compactly fleshy, convex then flattened, very obtuse, inidulato-repaiid, very irregular, even, smooth or obsoletely superficially-silky round the margin which is at first inflexed and naked, scarcely viscous ; flesh thick, white. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, solid, robust, quite equal, white, the whole delicately priiinate tinder a lens, not fibrillose or squamulose. Cortijia none. Gills eniajgi- natofree, narrower behind, crowded, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, arid and not spotted, white then soon becoming pale or flesh- white, at length watery ferruginous, edge quite entire, but some- what repand. It varies with the pileus becoming pale, disc clay-coloured, margin white, and the gills very crisped, branched and anastomosing. Odour weak, not unpleasant. 262 AGARICUS. Hebeioma. On grassy bank. Uangstein, 1872. Sept. Spores ovoid, 10 mk, Q. Name — trmicus, maimed, hence dwarfed. From the short stem. Schceff. t. 251. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 331. Hytn. Eur. p. 242. B. df Br. n. 1346. C Illust. PL 417. 584. A. nudipes Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, pale-tan or clay-colour, fleshy, not compact, convex then flat- tened, obtuse, unequal, even, smooth, viscid, scarcely perceptibly streaked, margin at first inflexed, then unfolded and ascending; flesh watery when fresh, white when dry, moderately compact at the disc ; margin, however, thzji, almost membranaceous, exceeding the gills. Stem about 6 cent, (2^ in.) long, 8-16 mm. (4-8 lin.) thick, solid, wholly fibrous, equal, sometimes straight, sometimes curved -ascending, sviooth and wholly naked above, white. Gills broadly emarginate, crowded, dry, not spotted, quite entire, tan-colour. Odov;r weak but not unpleasant. Cortina none. Departing from all the others in the stem being quite smooth and naked, but clothed with a separable pellicle. In woods. Coed Coch, 1880, &c. Oct. Name — nudus, naked ; pes, a foot. Naked-stemmed. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 332. Hym. Eur. p. 242. B. b^ Br. n. 1868. Katclibr. t. 14./. 4. C. Illust. PI. 418. 585. A. ischnostylus Cke. — Pileus 2.5-5 cerit. (1-2 in.) broad, white or a little pallid at the disc, convex then expanded, and broadly umbonate, margin thin, slightly viscid, smooth, even. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, slender, Yi-Yd in. thick, solid, equal or a little thickened at the base, smooth, naked. Gills rounded behind and adnate, slightly serrate at the margin, whitish then argillaceous. Inodorous, or with a faint odour of SpircBa. Allied to A. nudipes. On the ground amongst grass. Shrewsbury, 1879. Sept. Spores .012 X .0075mm. Name — \ I in.) broad, at first brick-colour, at length becoming pale- yellowish, not hygrophanous, comparatively very fleshy at the disc, where it is remarkably sivolle?i into a breast-shaped tnnbo, convex then plane with exception of the umbo, even at the cir- cumference; flesh white, thin towards the margin. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) rarely more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, at first stuffed, then narrowly fistulose, fibrous (not cartilaginous), equal, but here and there flexuous, smooth, naked, and without a manifest veil, pale- yellowish becoming pale. Gills obtusely adnate, somewhat sin- uate, crowded, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, pallid at length ferruginous. The pileus is without the floccose-silky covering of A. petigeiiosus, to which it is allied. Among grass under apple-trees. Sibbertoft. Autumn. Name — inagmis, large ; ma7nma, breast. From the umbo. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 299. Hym. Eur. p. 243. Ico7i. t. 114./! 2. B. fir" Br. 7i. 2005. 588. A. petigenosus Fr. — Pileus about 12 mm. (>^ in.) or a little more broad, slightly fleshy, conical the?i convex, somewhat umbonate, absolutely dry, the gibbous fuscotis disc naked, hoary- silky with superficial closely adpressed fibrils at the circumference, when old rufescent or becoming yellow. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed, tougli, sleiider, equal, or slightly attenuated at the base, white pjilverule?tt, for the most part brick-rufescent, but varying becoming fuscous. Cortina none. Gills at the first slightly adnexed, soon free, ventricose, crowded, arid, light yellow then olivaceous-date-brown, under a lens often beautifully ciliated. It is not allied to any ; its habit is that oi A. geophyllus. On the ground in beech wood. Cabalva. Name — petigo, scab. Scurfy. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 333. Hym. Eur. p. 243. Ico?i. t. 114./. 4. Grevillea, vol. viii. /. 75. 264 AGARICUS. Fiammuia. Subgeutis XXII. FLAMMULA {flam7na, a flame). Fr. Syst. Myc. 1. p. 250. XXI V. Agariais {Flavumila) Jlavidus. One-half natural size. Veil fibrillose or none. Stem fieshy-Jibrous, not mealy upwards. Pileus fleshy, mar- gin at first z?ivohite. Gills deciirreiit or ad?iate without a si7t2(s, commonly quite entire, of one colour. A few grow on the ground, the greater num- ber on wood, passing into Pholiotae. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 244. \{ Fiammuia \N^x^ restricted to spe- cies with truly decurrent gills it would correspond with Clitocybe. Spores mostly pure ferruginous ; some are fuscous - ferruginous, others tawny- ochraceous. The species appear late in the season. Taste insipid or bitter. None edible. Veil none ; squamulose. I. Gymnoti (yv/avos, naked), pileus dry, most frequently Spores ferruginous, in A. decipiens fuscous-ferruginous. II. Lubrici {lubricus, slimy). Pileus covered with a contimious, somewhat separable, smooth, viscous pellicle ; cortina manifest, fibrillose. Spores ferru- ginous, not tawny, but fuscous-ferruginous in A. carbonarius. Gregarious, growing on the ground, rarely on wood. They correspond with the Hebelo- mata, but are easily distinguished by the gills not being sinuate, by the more viscous pellicle being somewhat separable, by the apex of the stem not being pruinose, and by the odour, &c. III. Udi {udus, moist). Cuticle of the pileus cotttinuous, not distinct nor separable, smooth (here and there with a superficial covering) moist or a little viscid in rainy weather. Cortina maiiifst, appe?idiculate. Spores not tawny nor ochraceous. Allied to the PholiotcB, caespitose, growing on wood, most distinct from each other. IV. Sapinei {sapi?ius, pine). Pileus scarcely pelliculose (the flesh, however, scissile or torn above into scales), not viscous, at first somewhat incrusted. Veil fibrilloso-adpressed to the stem, not furnished with a?i appendiculate cor- tina, almost 710716, or for7ni7ig an a/inular zone on the stei)i. They are distin- guished, however, by the gills being light yellow or yellow then taw7iy, and by the ochraceous or tawny spores. Somewhat caespitose, always on pine, but here and there on the ground among pine-branches, forming a series of species in very close sequence, but yet very distinct. V. Sericelli (slightly silky). Furnished with a cortina, cuticle of the pileus slightly silky, dry or at the first viscid. I. — Gymnoti. Veil none; pileus dry, dr'c. 589. A. gymnopodius Bull. D3.rk fierruginous. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, fleshy, campanulato-convex, squamulose. DERMINI. 265 Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, solid, Flammula. becoming smooth, equal. Gills deeply decurrent, arcuate, crowded. Caespitose, most distinct. Stems ascending. On pine sawdust. Munsted. Name yv\i.v6<;^ naked ; 77ovs, a foot. Smooth-stemmed. Bull. t. 601. f. i. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 2^. C. 1 1 lust. PL 431. 590. A. vinosus Bull— Pileus ferruginous-fawn, fleshy, ex- panded, at length depressed, dry, delicately flocculose. Stem solid, firm, somewhat thickened at the base, delicately floccidose like the pileus. Gills decurrent, crowded, simple, narrow, ferrug- inous. On the ground. Very rare. Morfa, Conway, &c. From the figure of BuUiard the pileus is very fleshy at the disc and very thin at the margin, and the gills very decurrent. Fries thought it might be a species oi Paxillus, but Berkeley is now satisfied that it is a true Flammula. Spores 5 mk. B. 6^ Br. Name — vinuni, wine. Wine-coloured. Bull, t. 54. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 244. B. &= Br. n. 1943. C. Illust. PL 437. 591. A. floccifer B. & Br. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, ta'w?iy, sprinkled with s7ioiv -white fibrils, somewhat fleshy, convex, ex- panded ; flesh tawny at the edge and beneath the cuticle, else- where white. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated downwards, white, with silky scales, umber within, furfuraceous within the pileus. Ring none. Gills moder- ately broad, rounded behind, adnate, scarcely ventricose, wrinkled transversely, ferruginous, edge white. Spores ferruginous. Caespitose. The pileus is somewhat zoned in drying. The habit is that ol A. velutinus. On stumps of lime. Colleyweston. Oct. '^BTixe.^loccus , a flock of wool ; fero, to carry. From the white woolly fibrils on the pileus. B. &f Br. n. 909. t. 14./. i. C. Hbk. n. 340. Illust. PI. 438. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 245. 592. A. decipiens Smith. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rich brown, becoming pale, umbo almost white, fleshy, convex, dry, minutely squamulose ; flesh pallid. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, rich tawny, often swollen, attenuated downwards, twisted, striate. Gills decurrent, crowded, moderately broad, luminous brown. Flesh within golden-yellow, bright brown at base* Ring none. Inclined to be fasciculate. Though at a first glance it resembles A. carbonarius, it differs greatly in the attachment of the gills, which are adnate in A. carbonarius. On burnt earth, charcoal, &c. Epping Forest. June. Spores bright tawny, oval, or with an apiculus at one end, 6x4 mk. W.G.S. 266 AGARICUS. Flammula. Name — decipio, to deceive. From its likeness to A. carbonarius. Worth, Sjnith in Journ. Bot. 1869, t. 95./ 5-8. B. b^ Br. n. 1241. C. Hbk. n. 348. Illust. PI. 438. B. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. '2i,<^. 11. — LuBRici. Pileiis covered with a viscous pellicle, dr^c. 593. A. lentus Pers.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, /^Z^- ivhitisli, disc often clay-colour, tleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, even, smooth, but very glutinous in wet weather; flesh of the same colour. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, soiueivhat stuffed, tough, equal, often viscid, whitish or becoming light yellow and villous at the base, clothed withy7^^- cose white reflexed scales. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, whitish, at length stained with the ferruginous spores. Gregarious or somewhat crespitose. In winter the pileus varies livid. At first it is sprinkled with separating scales. In mixed woods, chiefly beech and oak. Frequent. Sept.-Dec. I suspect this and A. [Heheloma] gliitijiosus are one species. On examining the spores of a large number of specimens, growing at the same time within a limited area, I found the spores shading from the clay-colour of Hebeloma to the brighter colour of Flammula. The gills also were very sinuato-adnexed in younger specimens, and decurrent with a tooth when older. According to Fries it is found chiefly among beech-leaves, rarely on wood. Berkeley gives its habitat on stumps. I have found it both on the ground and on wood. Spores ellipsoid, 6-7x3-4 mk. K. Name — Icutus, tough, pliant. Pers. Syn. p. 257. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. Berk. Out. p. 158. C. Hbk. n. 341. Illust. PL 439, 440. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 317. 594. A. lubricus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, brick- red-tawny or bright cinnamon, tough, fleshy, convex then flat- tened, obtuse, occasionally depressed and repand, even, smooth, viscous, thin towards the even margin ; flesh white. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, solid, equal or slightly attenuated upwards, dry, laxly fibrillose, whitish, at length becoming fuscous, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, some- what decurrent, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, pallid then clay- colour. Spores ferruginous. It varies larger, the pileus spotted with glued-down scales, &c. Sometimes pallid with the disc tawny. Scarcely strong-smelling. Very much allied to A. lentus. On trunks. Tunbridge Wells. Autumn. Name — lubricus, slimy. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. Icon, t. T16./; I. B. 5f Br. 71. 1245. 595. A. lupinus Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, like a smooth sugared cake or tan-fuscous, fleshy, convex and obtuse DERMINI. 267 then piano-depressed, even, smooth, covered with a viscous easily Fiammuia., separable pellicle ; flesh soft, white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 12 mm. {}4 in.) thick, curt ^ firm, thickened sometimes upwards sometimes downwards, whitish at the apex, oihtrwist ferrtcgi?totis with de?zse adpressed fibrils, internally stuffed or hollow and be- coming-ferruginous. Gills adnato-decurrent, moderately crowded, broad, clay-colour. Pileus comparatively very much dilated. Easily recognised by its very strong and very bitter odour. There are two forms : — A. described above. B. milder, pileus tawny, stem and gills light yellowish. In pastures. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Name — lupus, a wolf. From the colour of the fibrils. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 352. Hym. Eur. p. 246. B. &■ Br. n. 1528. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 318. 596. A. mixtus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, dingy tan, fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, unequal at the disc which is somewhat compact like a smooth sugared cake and under a lens slightly wrinkled with gluten, paler towards the sloping margin, wholly smooth and even. Stem 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, tough, hollow, equal ; sometimes shorter, ascending, curved ; sometimes elongated, ^txnous, ftiscoas-fibril- lose {fihrWs Isx) ; whitish, clothed below with reflexed rufous-fus- cous scales and somewhat thickened at the base. Cortina mani- fest, fibrillose. Gills somewhat decurrent, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, somewhat crowded, white then clay-colour, unequal at the edge. Inodorous. Somewhat csespitcse. The slightly firm flesh watery. The external appearance and colours are those of A. [Hebeloma) puuctatus, &c. , but in its whole nature it is nearest to A. lentus, lubricus, and lupmus. In pine and mixed woods. Rare. Aug.-Nov. Name — mixtus, mixed. One among a number of allies. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 353. Hym. Eur. p. 246. B. &= Br. n. JZ^g, bis. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 319. C. Illust. PI. 474. Bull. t. S^'^-f- F.O. resembles it sufficiently well. 597. A. juncinus Smith. — Pileus 4 cent. (i>^ in.) broad, sul- phury yellow, disc rich brown, fleshy, hemispherical. Stem elon- gated, 10 cent. (4 in.) long, thin, attenuated downwards, clothed with a few fibres. Gills broad, very thin, red-brown. Veil none. Taste nauseous and disagreeable, somewhat bitter. Allied to A. mixtus. On dead bulrushes in an old clay-pit. N. Wooton. Nov. Name— yV^Tzr/^j, a rush. Found on rushes. Worth. Smith in Journ. Bot. 1873, /. 336. C. Illust. PI. 475. 268 AGARICUS. Fiammuia. 598. A. gummosus Lasch. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, pallid light yellow or becoming green, at length becoming fer- ruginous with the spores, paler at the circumference, fleshy, regu- lar, campanulate then soon flattened, obtuse or depressed, covered with a separable, viscid pellicle, and sprinkled with superficial floccose scales, even when these separate, smooth ; flesh thin, be- coiniiig yellow. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuffed, or hollow when old, equal, tense and straight, rigid, silky-fibrillose, ferruginous- rubiginous at the base and for the most part when full grown, paler upwards. Gills adnate, crowded, narrow, at first white-light-yellow, then cifuiainoii. Inodorous, not bitter. On old stumps. Botanic Garden, Cambridge, &c. Dec. Name — giinimi, gum. Viscid. Lasch Linn. 1827, n. 325. Fr. Monogr. "^•P- 354' Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icott. t. ii6.y. 2. B. 6^ Br. fi. 11 19. C. Hbk. n. 342. Illiist. PL 441. A. tricolor Tratt. Austr.f. 38. 599. A. spumosus Fr. — Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) hxo2i(\, pallid light yellow, disc often darker, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate, covered with a viscous separable pellicle, but naked (never sprinkled with squamules), even ; flesh watery, light yellow-green. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, thin, attenuated downwards, light yellow or of the same colour as the pileus, more or less fibrillose, but remarkably furnished with a cortina. Gills adnate, crowded, light yellow then ferruginous. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, inodorous, very viscous in rainy weather. It varies with the pileus light yellowish and the stem olivaceous-fuscous. In fir woods and on sawdust. Rare. Sept.-Nov. Spores 5 mk. B. df Br.; 5x4 mk. W.G.S.; subellipsoid, 7-8x4 mk. K. Name — spuma, froth. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 354. Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icon. t. 116. f. 3. B. &f Br. 71. 1240. C. Hbk. n. 343. HLust. PL 476. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 320. 600. A. carbonarius Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more broad, tawny, fleshy, convex then soon plane and often depressed at the disc, even, smooth, viscous, margin inflexed ; flesh slightly firm, yellow. Stem about 2.5-4 cent. (i-i>^ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) rarely more thick, somewhat fistidose, rigid, equal or slightly thickened upwards, ^hxWXoso-sqiianmlose, pallid, often blackish at the base. Cortina fibrillose, fugacious. Gills adnate, crowded, rather broad, becoming fuscoiis-clay-colonr. The soil is often rolled together by the mycelium into a small bulb. The blackness at the base of the stem may be from its habitat. Densely gregari- DERMINI. 269 ous ; very much allied to A. spinnosus, but very easily distinguished from all Flammula. the preceding species by the fuscous-ferruginous spores. Its stature also is smaller, its structure tougher and lasting long, and its colours more intense. On charcoal and burnt earth. Frequent. Sept.-Nov. Name — carbo, charcoal. From its habitat. Fr. Monogr, i. p. 355. Hym. Eur. p. 247. B. df Br. n. 1120. Worth. Smith in Seem, yourn. 1869. C. Hbk. n. 344. lllust. PL 442. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 321. III. — Udi. Cuticle of the pileus co7itimious, &^c. 601. A. fusus Batsch. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, somewhat brick-colour, fleshy, compact, convex then plane, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid ; flesh firm, pallid. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, firm, stuffed, attenuated in a fusiform manner downwards and roottd, Jibrilloso-striate, pallid. Cortina manifest, appendiculate. Gills somewhat decurrent, not very crowded, pallid or light yellow then becoming ferruginous. Spores dingy ferruginous. Gregarious rather than casspitose. Odour not bitter, tas^e mild. The colour of the gills is variable, becoming green-grey, &;c. On the ground and stumps. Worthing, &c. Nov. Nam e-^?^jz/j', a spindle. From the stem. Batsch f x^g. (Very small.) Fr. Monogr. i. p. 355. Hym. Eur. p. 247. Icon. t. 117./. i. var. C. lllust. PL 433- 434- A. pomposus Bolt. t. 5. A. hybridus Bull. t. 398. 602. A. astragalinus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, blood-saff^-oii or golden-flesh colour, darker at the disc, pale at the circumference, fleshy, convex or lens-shaped then flattened, obtuse, somewhat moist in rainy weather, but not viscid, even, smooth, but when young S7iperficially-silky roimdthe margifi with the very thin adpressed whitish veil; flesh firm, of the same colour, often becoming black when wounded. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, stuped then hollow, equal or attenuated downwards, flexuous, scaly-Jibrillose, pallid, scarcely darker at the base. Cortina manifest, appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, broad, when young pallid light yellow., somewhat of the same colour as the pileus at the base, the obtuse edge flocculose when young. Somewhat caespitose. Spores scanty, pallid or dingy fer7-2iginous. The attachment of the gills varies with situation. The colour is very peculiar, and cannot be easily described. Taste bitter, peculiar. On pine and fir stumps. Rothiemurchus. Glamis. Aug.-Sept. Although the colour of the fiesh is the same it is always much brighter than that of the pileus. When exposed from being eaten by slugs the flesh does not turn black as it does when bruised. Name — ao-TpayoAifoj, a goldfinch. 270 AGARICUS. Flammula. From colour. Where the flesh has been eaten the colour is exactly like that of the head of the goldfinch. Fr. Alonogr. i, p. 356. Hy7n. Eur. p. 248. Icon. t. 117. /. 2, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 322. B. 6= Br. ?i. 1944. C. Illust. PL 435- 603. A. alnicola Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, yel- loiv, at length becoming ferruginous and sometimes green, fleshy, convex then flattened, obtuse, slimy when moist, but not truly viscous, at the first superficially fibrillose towards the margin: flesh not very compact, of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, 12 mm. {yi in.) thick, stuffed the?! hollow, attenuato-rooted, commonly curved-flexuous, fibril- lose, at first yellow, then becoming ferruginous. Cortina manifest, sometimes fibrillose, sometimes woven into an arachnoid web. Gills somewhat adnate, broad, plane, at first di?igy -pallid or yellowish-pallid, at length together with the plentiful spores ferruginous. The gills vary decurrent and rounded according to situation. Odour and taste bitter. There are two forms : A. pileus irregular, fibrillose round the margin ; gills at first dingy pallid. B. salicicola, pileus somewhat gibbous, smooth, rarely at the first floccoso-scaly ; gills at first yellowish-pallid. In natural affinity it seems, especially salicicola, nearest to Pholiota aurivellus. On old stumps. Rare. Sept.-Oct. Spores subellipsoid, 8x5 mk. K. Name — alnus, alder ; colo, to inhabit. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 356, Hynn. Eur. p. 248. B. 6^ Br. n. 1242. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 323. C. Illust. PL 443. A, amarus Bull. t. 562 (var. salicicola). Var. salicicola. On willow. Sept. Loch-an-Eilan. 604. A. flavidus Scha;ff. — Pileus 2.5-12.5 cent. (1-5 in.) broad, bright light yelloiv, fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, moist but not viscous, for the most part regular ; flesh white, then becoming light yellow. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stiffed then hollow, some- times attenuated sometimes thickened downwards, somewhat flexuous, fibrillose, light yellow, at length, especially at the base, becoming ferruginous. Cortina manifest, woven, adhering to the margin of the pileus, white, rarely almost in the form of a ring. Gills adnate, not much crowded, at first whitish, then light yellow, at length tawny-ferruginous. Spores plentiful. It can be safely distinguished from A. fascicularis and its allies by iXs purely ferruginous spores. Forming large clusters, but very vari- able in size, according as the weather is favourable to its growth. On fir, lime, &c. Frequent. Aug.-Nov. Name^faz^z^j, light yellow. Light yellowish. SchcBjf. t. 35. Fr. Afo?iogr. ^- P- 357- Hym. Eur. p. 248. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. b^ Br. n. 792*. C. DERMINI. 271 Hbk. n. 345. Illust. PL 444. 6'. Mycol. Scot. n. 324. Compare Trait. Flammula. Austr. f. 14. 605. A. inauratus Smith. Sulphury yellow. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or more broad, fleshy, moist, smooth, furnished with a distinct veil. Stem somewhat hollow, incurved, clothed with innate scales. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, broad, pale- yellowish clay-colour. Taste mild, insipid. Allied to A. Jlavidus and A. Junonius. On willows. North Wooton, Norfolk. Nov. Name — inauro, to gild. Gilded. From the colour. Worth. Smith. Journ. Bot. 1873,/. 336. C. Illust. PI. 477. 606. A. conissans Fr. — Pileus 1-7.5 cent. (>^-3 in.) broad, light-yellowish-taji, fleshy, thin, hemispherico-expanded, obtuse (varying umbilicate), smooth, moist ; flesh equal, only 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, white. Stem hollow, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long", some- times equal, sometimes attenuated downwards, commonly 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, but often compressed and then 8-10 mm. (4- 5 lin.) broad, irregular, twisted, becoiniiig light-yellow-white, white- villous at the base, scarcely becoming ferruginous. Cortina silky- fibrillose, appendiculate. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, very crowded, not exceeding 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, linear, whitish, at length becomiitg fiiscoiis-clay-coloiir. Spores very plejitiful, dark ferriiginoits. Densely csespitose, emitting an acid odour. It seems very different from A. Jlavidus, &c., thinner than these, with the habit oi A. fascicular is. In woods, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Spores pruniform oblong, 7-9 mk. Q. Name — Kovts, dust. From its shed- ding abundance of spores. Fr. Mojiogr. i. p. 358. Hym. Ezir. p. 249. B. ^ Br. n. 1243. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 325. C. Illust. PI. 445. A, pulverulentus Bull. t. 178. 607. A. inopus Fr.— Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, honey-tan or reddish-tan (not changeable), paler round the margin, fleshy, thin, convex then expanded, obtuse, slippery when moist, almost viscous, arid when dry, even, smooth; flesh thin, of the same colour as the pileus, hygrophanous, white when dry. Stem 7.5- 10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, [fistiilose, thin, tough, flexuous, equal, adpressedly fibrillose, pallid, brick-colour downwards. Cortina fugacious. Gills adnate, thin, crowded, linear, light-yellow-white, sometimes green. There are two forms ; one figured by Bolton with the branched-rooted stem, densely caespitose ; the other (described by Fries) solitary or slightly c^spitose. 272 AGARICUS. Flamniula. Approaching nearer to A. astragalinus than to A.flavidus, &c,, in its scanty and dingy ferruginous spores. On Scotch fir, larch, &c. Rare. Aug. Spores elh'psoid, 8 mk. Q. Name — inops, poor, scanty. From its shed- ding few spores. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 358. Hym. Enr. p. 249. Icon. t. 118. / I. Berk. Out. p. 158. B. &= Br. n. 1417*. C. Hbk. n. 346. Illust. PL 446. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 326. A. ramoso-radicatus Bolt. t. 148 (exactly). Batt. t. "22.. C. (not descr. ) 608. A. apicreus Fr. — Pileus yellow, becoming pale and tan, disc tawny, fleshy, thin, rather plane, even, smooth, moist. Stem hollow, equal, not rooted, pallid, with ferruginous fibrils at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, shitiing ferruginotis. Somewhat coespitose. Odour mild. Very like A. alnicola, but the colour of the gills is somewhat unchangeable, flesh hygrophanous, &c. In pine wood. Glamis, 1874, »S:c. Sept. Spores pruniform, 6-7 mk. Q. Name — a7rt/cpo?, not bitter. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 249. B. &= Br. 71. 1529, 1945. S. Mycol. Scot. n. ■^'2'j. C. Illust. PL 436. A. lignatilis Bull. t. 554 A. {B. larger). IV. — Sapinei. Pilciis scarcely pelliculose, b^c. 609. A. hybridus Fr.— Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first tawny-cinnamon, then tawny-orange, fleshy, hemispherical with the margin involute, then expanded, obtuse, regular and well formed, even, smooth, moist; flesh moderately compact, pallid. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 8-10 mm. (4-5 lin.) thick, at first stuffed with a soft pith, then hollow, attenuated (almost conico-attenuated) itpivards, whitish with adpressed silky villous down (becoming tawny when the down is rubbed off"), slightly striate, white-villous at the base, and somewhat mealy at the apex. Corti?ta J7ia?iifest, in the form of an animlar zone at the apex of the stem, white or at length coloured with the spores. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, light yellow then tawiiy, not spotted. Spores ochraceous. Growing in troops. On fir stumps and branches. Rare. Oct.-Nov. This does not seem to be ^. hybridus Sow. t. 221, whose affinities are doubt- ful, M.J.B. Fries thmks A. hybridzis Sow. may be a form of A. inopus. Spores 6x4 mk. W.P. Name — a hyb7'id. Perhaps from its relation to species near it. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 360. Hym. Eur. p. 250, Berk. Out. p. 158. B. 6^ Br. n. 1243*. C. Hbk. n. 347. S. Mycol. Scot, n, 328. 610. A. sapineus Fr. — Pileus commonly irregular and varying 2.5-10 cent. (1-4 in.) in breadth, golden-tawny, opaque at the disc, paler and shining towards the margin, fleshy, compact, not scissile, DERMINI. 273 hemispherical then convexo-plane, very obtuse, absolutely dry, Fiammuia. the surface being covered with thin squamulose adpressed Jioc- ades, most frequently rimoso-scaly ; flesh thick, firm, but at length soft, becoDiing yellow. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) thick, solid or hollow, but stout, irregularly shaped {ohtn com- pressed), remarkably fleshy-fibrous, sulcate, even lacunose, naked, becoming yellow-pallid, turning fuscous when bruised, rooting at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, plane, 8 mm. (4 lin^ broad, golde?t, at length tawny-ciii7iamon. The remains of iho. yellowish cortina scarcely manifest, only adhering to the margin of the pileus. Somewhat caespitose, with a strong odour. It varies much, also csespitose and growing on the ground with an elongated fusiform- rooted stem ; but it is most distinct alike from A. hybridus, &c., and A. liqiii' riticE, &c., which, however, it unites. A, picreus Pers. Ic. descr. t. a,, f. 7 is an old form of this. On pine-branches, sawdust, (Sic. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov, Extremely variable, especially as to the breadth and mode of attachment of the gills. Remarkable, like A. specta bills, for the bright colour of the spores. B. &• Br. Spores subelhpsoid, 8x5 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — sapiiius, a pine-tree. Growing on pine. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 361. Hym. Eur. p. 251, Icon. t. 118. f. 3. B. &f Br. 71. 1006. C. Hbk. ?i. 349. Illust. PL 44y. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 329. 611. A. licLuiritise Pers. — Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad, bay-brow?t- or or2ir\gG.-taw7ty, becoming pale, slightly JlesJiy, con- vex then flattened, somewhat umbonate, ev^en, very smooth, moist, the margin at length flaccid and slightly striate ; yZ^j-/^ thiii, scis- sile, yellow. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow, attenuated upwards, often unequal and curved, striate, somewhat naked (or obsoletely pruinate at the apex), tawny then femigiftous, yellow-tawny within, thickened and villous at the base. Cortina 7ione. Gills obtusely adnate, and sometimes rounded, separating, plane, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, golden, then tawny, not spotted. Gregarious, somewhat caespitose, with an acid odour. Varying very much in structure and size, and approaching the Hebelomata in the gills being often somewhat sinuate. On fir. Mattishall, 18S3. Oct. Taste sweet, like that of liquorice, M.J.B. Name — liquiritia, liquorice (corrupted from glycyrrhiza). From the taste. Pers. Syn. p. 306. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 362. Hyjn. Eur. p. 251. lco7i. t. 119. f. i. 612. A. picreus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufous- or bay -brown- cinnamoji, when older becoming pale and tawny, slightly fleshy, campamdate then convex, obtuse, regular, even, smooth, moist in rainy weather ; flesh very thin, not easily scissiie, VOL. I. S 2 74 AGARICUS. Fiammula. of the Same colour as the pileus. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistidose, slightly attenuated upwards, tense and straight, when young everywhere white-pulvemlent, umber. Cortma no?ie. Gills ascending, crowded, 7tarrow (scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) hr 02.6), yellow then becoming ferrugi7ioiis, normally adnate, but varying decurrent and separating. Spores ferruginous. Caespitose, slender. There is a smaller variety with the pileus campanulate and rimuloso-papillate. On old deal boards, and pine-stumps. Rare. Spores sphaeroid-elhpsoid, 8x5-6 mk. K.; 5x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— TTiKpo;, bitter. Fr. Mono^r. \. p. 362. Hvni. Eur. p. 251. Icon. t. 119./. 2. B. b' Br. n. 1244. C. Hbk. n. 350. Illust. PI. 448. V. — Sericelli. Ftcrnished with a cortina, &^c. 613. A. helomorphus Fr. — Pileus 12-18 mm.(>^-^ in.) broad, white, truly fleshy, convexo-plane, gibbous or with a broad obtuse prominent umbo, often angular, viscid; when dry becoming ad- pressedly fibrilloso-even, the thin unequal margin inflexed, naked. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 4 rarely 6 mm. (2, 3 lin.) thick, solid, equal or not perceptibly attenuated from the base, ascending from the incurved base, wholly even and smooth, whitish. Gills plano-decurrent, very crowded, not 2 mm, (i lin.) broad, whitish, scarcely clay-colour. Stem slightly adpressedly silky upwards only under a lens. Spores pallid ferruginous, paler than i?i the rest of the species. In fir woods. Mossburnford. Nov. Spores pale brown, 4x6 mk. B. b= Br.; 3x4 mk. W.G.S. Name— 17A0S, a nail; /u.op07j, form. Nail-shaped. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 349. Hym. Eur. p. 252. Ico7i. t. 12.0. f. 4 var. B. 6^ Br. n. 1239. C. Hbk. n. 338. Illust. PI. 449. A. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 330. 614. A. scambus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {Yz-i in.) broad, whit- ish, fleshy, thin, convex then plane and depressed, slightly silky, when young viscous in wet weather, but the viscus is soon ab- sorbed by the underlying down, so that it is commonly very dry, opaque. Stem 1-2.5 cent, (/^-i in.) or little more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed^ equal, curved-ascending, _/f^rr?//(?j^ or sprinkled with white mealy squamules, whitish, pubescent at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, somewhat repand, light yellow-clay-colour. The stem has a paler line down the centre indicative of hoUowness, and is fixed by the effused white naked mycelium. A very distinguished species, departing very much from the type. Gregarious, tough. Very changeable. There is a form with the stem attenuated and becoming ferruginous down- DERMINI. 275 wards, and with the pileus convex and umbonate, as much as 4 cent. (ij4 Flammula. in. ) broad. Pileus at length clay-white. In pine woods, on larch. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — o-zfa/x^os, bow-legged. With curved stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 351. Hym. Etir. p. 253. Icon. t. 12.0. f. 3. Berk. Out. p. 157. B. &fBr. n. 1417*. C. Hbk. n. 339. lllust. PI. 449. B. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 331. A. filiceus Cke. Seem, yourn. 1863, p. 65. t. 3. f. i. lllust. PI. 450. On tree-fern. Fries does not regard this as European. Siibgeniis XXIII. NAXJCOEiIA {iiaiicum, a nut -shell). Fr. Naucoria. Syst. Myc. i. p. 260. Veil none or fugacious, squamulose. Stem cartilaginous, fistulose or spongy- stuffed. Pileus more or less fleshy, convexo-plane or conical, the margin at the first i7iflexed. Gills free or ad- 7iate, not decurrent. Growing o?z wood or on the groimd, somewhat rooted, scarcely strong-sjnelling. Fr. Hym. Enr. p. 253. Naucoria corresponds with Collybia and Leptonia. The species differ very widely from each other. Spo7'es fer- ruginous. Not remarkable either for smell or taste. None edible. I. Gymnotifyu/xi/o?, naked). Pileus smooth. Veil none. Spores ferruginous, not becoming fuscous-ferruginous. * Gills free or slightly adnexed. ** Gills adnate, pileus convexo-plane. *** Gills adnate, pileus campanulate then expanded. XXV. Agaricus {Na7ecoria) semi - orbicularis. One-half natural size. II. Phaeoti {(^atd?, dusky). Pileus naked. Gills and spores fuscous-ferrugi- nous. Veil potential, but rarely manifest. (The partial veil visible in most though fugacious, in the form of a cortina. Monogr. p. 375. ) * Pediadei (iziliov, a plain), growing i7i fields and plaijis. ** Scorpioidei {A. scorpioides), growing in moist, u?icultivated, wooded places. III. Lepidoti (Xerri?, ascale). Typical Naucoriae. Pileus flocculose or squam- ulose. Veil manifest. Spores ferruginous. Compare Tudaria paludosus a.nd stagninus. * Squam2ilcs of pileus superficial, separating. ** Pileus with innate squaniules. *** Pileus destitute of scales, silky or sprinkled with atoms. Compare A. furfuracetis when old. 276 AGARICUS. Naucoria. I. — Gymxoti. Pileus smooth. Veil none, &c. ■^ Gills free or slightly adtiexed. 615. A. lugubris Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) hros^^, pallid when young, then fer7'uginoiLs, and at length almost date-brown, fleshy, cainpajiiilate, then expanded, gibbous, even, smooth ; flesh white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, rooted, with a long attenuated fusiform root, stuffed \m\\\\ a white spongy pith ; externally remarkably cartilaginous, rigid, smooth, pallid upwards and w^hen young, becoming ferruginous down- wards and when older. Gills quitey";-!?^, ventricose, but very broad behind, 12 mm. (>^ in.) and more broad, crowded, pallid then ferruginous, edge for the most part serrated. Spores pallid then ferruginous. Veil quite awanting. Often caespitose. A remarkable form has occurred with the pileus bullate and undulated, date- brown on the disc, tenaciously viscid, and the stem short, 5 cent. (2 in.) In a mountain fir wood. Coed Coch. Autumn. Spores very irregular, 5-7 mk. subglobose, B. 6^ Dr.; pruniform, rugu- lose, 10 mk. Q. Name — tugeo, to mourn. Sombre. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 364. Hym. Eur. p. 253. Icon, t. 12.1, f. i. B. df Br. n. 1945 bis. 616. A. hamadryas Fr. — Pileus 4-5 cent. {i%-2 in.) broad, bay-brown-fefyuginous W'h&n young and moist, pale yellowish when old and becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, gibbous, even, smooth. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, somewhat fragile, hollow, equal, naked, smooth, pallid. Gills atte7i2iato-adnexed, somewhat free, slightly ventricose, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, qxossi^q.^, ferruginous, opaque. Veil none. Widely removed from neighbouring species. Pileus somewhat separate as in Plutei. On the ground in woods. Brandon. Name — 'Aju.a5pvas, a nymph whose life was bound up with that of her tree. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 366. Hym. Eur. p. 254. Icon. t. \'z\. f. 3. B. 6^ Br. n. 1870. 617. A. cidaris Fr. — Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, but when flattened as much as 5 cent (2 in.), clay-cinnamon when moist, tan when dry, slightly fleshy at the disc, membranaceous round the undulated (scarcely inflexed) margin, co72ical then ca?n- panulate, even, smooth, slightly striate at the margin when moist ; flesh scissile, white when dr}^ Stem 4 cent. (i>^ in.) or little more \or\g,Jistulose, attenuated front the apex to the base (at the base 2 mm., I lin., at the apex 4 mm., 2 lin., thick), somewhat compressed. DERMINI. 277 flexuous, smooth, tough, for the most '^diX\. fiiscoits-black, of the Naucona. same colour as the pileus at the apex. Gills adjixed, separating- free, ascending, ventricose, crowded, 4 mm. (2 lin.) and more broad, honey-colour or cinnamon-clay. Almost inodorous. It occurs smaller and more elegant, with the pileus dark tawny-cinnamon, the stem straight, and the gills less crowded. It approaches A. cucumis. In pine woods, &c. Hereford, 1884. Name — cidaris, an ornament, tiara. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 367. Hym. Eur. p. 255. Icon. t. 123./. 2 var. minor. Grevillea, vol. x\i. p. 98. C. llliist. PL 451- 618. A. cucumis Pers. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. {1-1% in.) broad, when moist bay-brown-ftiscoiis, becoming somewhat purple and paler towards the margin, when dry fawn or tan colour, slightly fleshy, broadly ca7npaiiidate, obtuse, smooth, even. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 3 mm. {\yi lin.) thick, firm, tense and straight, attenuated downwards, stuffed, hollow thickejied and somewhat pruinosc upwards, date-brown or fuscous-blackish, paler at the apex. Veil none. Gills adnexed, very ventricose, crowded, dis- tinct, pallid then somewhat saffron-yellow. Spores ferruginous. It varies smaller, with the pileus somewhat membran- aceous, papillate, slightly striate when moist. Odour of cucumber. On the ground in fir woods, and on sawdust. Frequent. Sept.- Nov. See remarks under A. pisciodorzis. A. cucumis in certain stages smells strongly of rotten fish. Spores 8x3 mk. W.P. ; pruniform, nucleate, 10 mk. Q. Name — cucumis, cucumber. Of the odour. Pers. Sytt. p. 310. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 368. Hym. Fur. p. 255. Bej^k. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. n. 358. Illust. PL 452. S. My col. Scot. ?i. 332. A. fuscipes Sow. t. 344, 619. A. anguineus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more broad, pale yellowish or rufous, somewhat tan when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, gibbous, even, smooth, but when young covered near the margin with a superficial silky zo7ie from the fibrils of the veil. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, and more at the thickened base, somewhat hollow, somewhat flexuous, dejisely white-fibrillose, hence marked with silky spots when dry, bay-brow?t. Gills somewhat free, ascend- ing into the top of the cone, crowded, somewhat linear, at first pallid-isabelline, then ferruginous. Manifestly allied to A. cucumis, but larger, more robust, and remarkable especially for the traces of the veil. On the ground. West Lynn, &€. Nov. 278 AGARICUS. Naucoria. Name — angjiis, a snake. From the flexuous and spotted stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 368. Hyin. Eur. p. 255. Icon. t. 122. /. i. Grevillea, vol. X. p. 66. C. lllust. PI. 455. 620. A. centunculus Fr. — Pileus 8-20 mm. (4-10 lin.) broad, lurid or olivaceous-fuscous then becoming light yellow-green, be- coming pale, but 7iot hygrophattoiis, slightly fleshy, convex then pla7ie, obtuse, often excentric, even, dry, slightly silky under a lens, margin incurved. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat equal, cinereotis-light- yellow, white-villous at the base and pulverulent with white mealy sqiiamules at the apex. Gills ad n ate, but separating, broad, rather thick, sometimes crowded, sometimes distant, convex and undulated when old, light yellow-cinereous, also slightly toothed at the edge with greenish-yellow floccules. Spores ochraceous. The margin of the pileus according to Lasch is occa- sionally yellow-pulverulent. The stem varies curved from position, commonly incurved, often excentric. A very singular species, widely removed from all others. Gregarious, even caespitose, firm, tough, and without a veil. There is a smaller variety ; pileus thinner, margin striate, but agreeing in the singu- lar combination of colours, cinereous, yellow and green. On rotten wood. Rare. Oct. Name — cento, patchwork. From the colouring. Fr, Monogr. i. p. 369. Hyjn. Eur. p. 255. Be7-k. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. n. 359. Kalchbr. t. ij.f. 3. 621. A. horizontalis Bull. Watery cinnamon. — Pileus 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, slightly fleshy, convexo-plane, obtuse, even. Stem solid, very short, incurved, naked. Gills rounded-free, broad, plane. Pileus comparatively very fleshy, rufescent. Growing in troops like A. cor- ticola ; at first sight somewhat sessile. On elm-trunks. Rare. '^2LvaQ—horizo72 talis, horizontal. Bull. t. 324. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 256. Berk. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. n. 360. Sow. t. 341. 622. A. rimulincola Rabenh. Cinnamon.— Pileus hemispheri- cal, unibilicate, plicate, slightly wrinkled-tonientose . Stem some- what excentric, short, incurved, somewhat thickened at the base. Gills adnexed, somewhat distant, thick, very broad, whitish- crenulate. Spores ovoid, cinnamon. On cut elm. Rannoch. Name — rimula, a small crack ; colo, to inhabit. Growing in crevices of the bark. Rabenh. Exs. n. 151 1. Flora 1851, /. 505. Plym. Eur. p. 256. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 333. DERMINI. 279 623. A. semiflexus B. & Br, — Pileus 12 mm. {}4 in.) broad, NaucoHa. chestnut, hygrophanous, moderately fleshy, somewhat campanu- late, then hemispherical or flattened above, margin adorned with the delicate white veil; flesh white. Stem 18 mm. (^ in.) long, % lin. thick, solid, semi-horizontal. Gills adnexed, distant, tawny. Allied to ^. horizontalis. On the side of a bank. Ascot, 1867. Oct. Spores echinulate, oblong, 9-10 x 6-9 mk. B. cr= Br. ; pruniform elliptical, 6-8 mk. Q. Name — setni, half; Jlecto, to bend. From the semi-horizontal stem. B. 5f Br. n. 1246. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 256. 624. A. rubricatus B. & Br. — Cccspitose; white then tinged with red ; the very small pilei at length rather plane ; stems slender. On decayed bramble-twig. Hereford, 1878. The lE^rgest specimen was scarce half an inch high, and the diameter of the pileus about a quarter of an inch ; the stem hollow, sprinkled with delicate mealy granules at the base, and about half-way up ; gills adnexed behind, and narrowed in front, whitish, then flesh-coloured, becoming brownish, M.C.C. Name — rubrico, to colour red. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1873. Grevillea, vol. x. p. 43. ^■^ Gills adnate, pileus coiivexo-plane. 625. A. abstrusus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent, {lyi in.) brosLd,/err2^o-in- oiis-clay, fleshy, thin, convex then plane, orbicular, even, smooth, viscid; flesh watery, very thin at the circumference. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, remarkably cartilaginous, tough, rigid, fistulose, equal, round, tense and straight, polished, naked, even, pallid ferruginoiis, darker at the base. Veil none. Gills adnate, crowded, plane, cinnamon or watery ferruginous. The whole plant is slightly firm. On sawdust and in woods. Coed Coch, &c. Oct. Name — abstrusus, hidden, secluded. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 370. Hym. Eur. p. 257. Icon. t. \2.2..f. 2. B. ^ Br. n. 1871. C. Illust. PI. 456. 626. A. innocuus Lasch. — Pileus 4 cent, (i^ i"-) broad, ru- fous, becoming pale when dry, slightly fleshy, convex, obtuse, rather smooth (fibrilloso-evened under a lens), striate. Stem 4-5 cent, {lyi-i in.) long, stuffed, white Jibrillose, woolly at the base. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, light yellow-ochraceous. Spores rubiginous. 28o AGARICUS. Naucoria. In damp places. 'Name— mnocuus, harmless. Spores 10x4-6 mk. M.C.C. Lasch n. 398- Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. 257, C. Illust. PL 489. a. 627. A. cerodes Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (X-i in.) broad, watery cinnamon when moist, tan-colour when dry, somewhat membran- aceous, canipantdato-convex and flattened, at length depressed, obtuse, when moist smooth, pellucid-striate at the circumference, when dry even, slightly silky-atomate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, slightly firm, fistulose, equal, some- what flexuous, fibrilloso-striate under a lens, becomiiig bay-brown- fiiscous sometimes for the most part, sometimes only at the base, pallid upwards, mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, separating, very broad behind, hence almost triangular, sofnewhat distant, broad, plane, soft, distinct, pallid then cinnamon, very finely fimbriated at the edge under a lens. The typical form, growing among damp mosses is quite early, gregarious, with the colours almost those of A. hypnorum, but otherwise very different. B. Another form occurs on naked, commonly burnt soil, in late autumn with almost the habit of A. pediades, but with a different colour of gills and spores ; this form is firmer, stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, tense and straight, and colour more ochraceous. Among moss. Sept. In ' Hym. Eur.' (description a reprint of 'Epicr.') Fries gives the larger form as the later. Spores 9 mk. B. &" Br. Name— Krjpo?, wax. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 370. Hym. Eur. p. 257. B. b' Br. n. 1948. C. Illust. PI. 489. b. 628. A. melinoides Fr.— Pileus 12-18 mm. {Yz-^i in.) broad, tawny when moist, ochraceous when dry, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse or gibbous, even, smooth, striate at the margin when old. Stem short, 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slightly firm, fistulose, equal or slightly attenuated, soniewhat of the same colour as the pileus, paler at the base, delicately white- pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, crowded, somewhat tawny. There is also an elongated form, confounded with A. cerodes, in which the stem 135-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, shghtly attenuated at both ends, flexuous, rather smooth, ochraceous; pileus globose then hemispherical, 12 mm. (^ in.) broad ; gills adnate, ventricose, light yellowish-ochraceous. A. melinoides Bull, is A. hypnorum, not this species, but in the same plate a figure of this has crept in. On lawns, roadsides, &c. Common. June-Nov. In ' Hym. Eur.' gills are described as triangular-oblong, slightly toothed and honey-coloured. Spores elliptic, 16 mk., with one or two nuclei, B. 6^ Br. Name — ju.eA.i, honey. Honey-like. /">. Mo7iogr. i. /. 371. Hym. Eur. p. 257. Berk. Out. p. 160. /. 9./. 3. C. Hbk. n. 361. Illust. PI. 457. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 334. — Bull. t. 560./. i. i^only. DERMINI. 281 629. A. pusiolus Fr. — Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, yellow, Naucoria. not hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, hemispherical then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid. Stem scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, filiform, fistulose, tough, flexile, smooth, slightly viscid, shining light yellow. Gills adnate, broad, crowded, plane, watery cinnamon. B. Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, tawny-yellow, slightly fleshy, campan- ulato-hemispherical, obtuse, even, viscous. Stem 4 cent. (i>^ in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, attenuated upwards, flexuous, smooth, somewhat viscous, lemon-yellow, pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, distant, 2 mm, (i hn.) broad, at first yellow-white. Always readily distinguished from all the preceding species by the pileus and stem beijig viscid and le?no?i-yellow. Shining like A. melitioides, not hygrophanous-atomate or slightly silky as in similar species of Galerce. On the ground. West of England. Name — pusus, a little boy. Very small. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 372. Hyjn. Eur. p. 258. Icon. t. 124. /. 4. B. dr' Br. n. 1347. C. lllust. PL 457. b. Pers. t. 25. f. I (an old state). ■**'^ Gills adjiate, pileus cainpanulate then expa?tded. 630. A. nuceus Bolt.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) broad, pale chestnut, somewhat membranaceous, globoso-cainpmiulate, never flattened, iimbilicate, smooth, slightly dotted, the incurved ma7'gin somewhat lobed. Stem about "j.^ cent. (3 in.) long, slender, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, but tough, fistulose, equal, with a small bulb at the base, silky-fibrillose, becoming eve?t, white. Veil not conspicuous. Gills adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, semicircular (hence nar- rower behind but not sinuate), plane, often undulated, cinnamon. A wholly abnormal species, but the Swedish, Russian, and Scotch specimens agree so exactly that it seems quite typical. In pine woods. Rare. Oct. Spores II X 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — 7;?/x, a nut. From its shape. Bolt. t. 70. Fr. Monogr. \. p. -yj-z. Hym. Eur. p. 258. Berk. Out. p. 159. C. Hbk. n. 362. lllust. PL 490. a. after Bolton. aS. Mycol. Scot. n. 335. 631. A. scolecinus Fr. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, bay-brown-ferrugi?ioiis, opaque, paler round the margin, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, sometimes umbonate, sometimes obtuse, even, smooth, fragile, at length striate round the margin. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, rigid, fistulose, equal, often flexuous and curved, rufous-ferruginous, wJiite-mealy at first everywhere, then at the paler apex, becoming fuscous at the base. Veil none. Gills adnate, somewhat dista?it, distinct, 282 AGARICUS. Naucoria. broader behind (scarcely beyond 2 mm., i lin., broad), whitish- flesh-coloiir theti ferruginous, the flocculose edge ciliated. Spores dark ferruginous. On moist ground under alders. Powerscourt, Wicklow, 1867. Sept. Spores apiculate, 7 x 25 mk. B. b' Br. Name — o-zcwXt;!, a worm. From the curved and flexuous stem. Fr. Monogr. i, /. 374. Hym. Eur. p. 258. B. 6^ Br. n. 1247. C. Illust. PI. 491. b. 632. A. strisepes Cke. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent. (i-iX in-) broad, ochraceous, campanulate, obtuse, then expanded, smooth, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hollow, equal, erect or flexuous, white, lo7igitudmally striate. Gills slightly adnate behind, rather distant, tawny-ferruginous. Ccsspitose, or gregarious. Among grass on lawn. Kew Gardens. Name — stria, a line ; pes, a foot. Striate-stemmed. Cke. Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 60. Illust. PL 478. 633. A. sideroides Bull. — Pileus pale yellowish or cinnamon when moist, tan-ochraceous when dry, somewhat shi?ti7ig, slightly fleshy, campanulate (12 mm., Yz in., high and broad) then ex- panded (almost 2.5 cent., i in., broad), itmbonate, smooth, even, very slightly viscid when moist ; the margin when young incurved, entire, then slightly striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, sometimes fistulose, sometimes stuff'ed, slightly firm, equal, sometimes undulated or slightly thickened at the apex, even, smooth or white-pruinose at the apex, pallid then becoming yellow, becoming ferruginous downwards, and at length becoming fuscous at the base. Gills adnate, with a small decur- rent tooth, sometimes sinuate and hence nncinato-adjixed, ascend- ing, crowded, linear, becoming watery yellow - ochraceous, at length somewhat cinnamon. A form which grows on the ground departs from the type in the paler colour, honey-coloured. Veil absolutely none. On stumps and on ash-trunks. Rare. Oct.-Nov. Much thicker than A. hypnorum, which it somewhat resembles. Spores 10- 13 mk. , half as much wide, B. 6^ Br. Name — crtfi>jpos, iron. Ferruginous. From the stem. Bull. t. 588. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 373. Hym. Eur. p. 258. B. 6^ Br. n. 1007, 1947. C. Hbk. n. 363. Illust. PI. 458. a. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 336. 634. A. badipes Fr. — Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, pale DERMINI. 283 yellowish-fei'rugijiotis when moist, tan when dry, somewhat mem- Naucoria. branaceous, campanulate then convex, umbonate, quite smooth, pellucidly striate to the umbo when moist, even when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long-, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, exactly equal, firm and rigid, but often flexuous, ferruginous, darker and becoming fuscous towards the base, variegated up to the middle with white floccose scales, above the middle \\\\o\\^ Jiaked, even, paler. Gills adnate, ve7itricose, thin, somewhat dista7it, distinct, at length plane, pale yellowish-ferruginous. Allied to Gale?'(e ; the margin of the pileus is almost straight and adpressed to the stem. The gills are so ventricose that when casually inspected they appear as if free. The partial veil is not evident ; but the scales on the stem are without doubt the fragments of a universal veil. Under larch. Coed Coch, 1878. Oct. Spores pruniform, 10-12 mk. Q. Name — badius, bay-brown ; pes, a foot. From the colour of the stem. A. badipus Pers. Syn. p. 318? Fr. Mo?iogr. i. \ 374. Hyvi. Eur. p. 259. Icon. t. 123./. 3. B. b^ Br. n. 1764. C. Illust. I' I. 491. a. II. — Ph^oti. Pileus naked, &^c. ■^ Pediadei, growing i7t fields aiid plains. 635. A. vervacti Fr. — Pileus light yellow or pallid yellow, fleshy, convex, then plane, obtuse, soft, even, smooth, slightly viscid, shining when dry ; flesh white. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) lon^, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, rigid, stiifi^ed then hollow upwards, equally attentiated, even, smooth, not 7'ooted, whitish. Gills adnate with a decurrent tooth, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, exactly plane, at first pallid, at length ferruginous-fuscous. Veil quite obsolete. The stem is rather thick, attenuated sometimes up- wards, sometimes downwards. Gills at length ventricose. In meadows, gardens, &c. Uncommon. Sept.-Nov. Name — vervactum, fallow ground. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 376. Hym. Eur. p. 260. Berk. Out. p. 160. C. Hbk. n. 364. A. arvalis Batt. t. 13. F. ■ 636. A. triscopus Fr. — Pileus 4-10 mm. (2-5 lin.) broad, bay- brow7i when moist, ochraceous when dry, always opaque, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, obtuse, then convexo-plane, with a prominent umbo, even, smooth. Stem 1-2.5 cent. {Yz-i in.) and more long, stuffed then delicately fistulose, filiform, equal, curved or flexuous, smooth, opaque, ferruginous, umber at the base. Gills adnate, plane, thin, so7?iewhat crowded, dark fierrugi?ious. Spores dark ferruginous. Stature that of A. i7iquili?tu5, colour that of A. sparteus, to which it is somewhat like, but the stem is not tense and straight 284 AGARICUS. Naucoria. as in that species. It varies very small, very thin, with the pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, pellucid-striate, and with distant gills. On old wood in a cellar. Kilburn, 1882. Name — OpC^, hair ; ttou;, a foot. From the hair-like stem. Fr. Monogr. i. /• 375- Hy7n. Eur. p. 259. Grevillea, vol. xiii. p. 59. C. lllust. PL 458. b. 637. A. pediades Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, j^//^w or pale yellowish-ochraceous then becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, even, dry, smooth, at length rimoso- rivulose, but always without striae; flesh white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, stuffed luith a pith, some- what flexuous, tough, equal, but with a small bulb at the base, slightly silky becoming even, yellowish. Gills adnexed, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, at first crowded, at length somewhat distant, somewhat fuscous then dingy cin7iamon. Spores fuscous-ferruginous. The small bulb at the base is formed by the mycelium being rolled together. Stature variable. In pastures, roadsides, &c. Frequent. July-Nov. Name — TreSioi/, a plain. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 376. Hym. Eur. p. 260. Berk. Out. p. 160. C. Hbk. 71. 365, lllust. PI. 492. -S. Mycol. Scot. ft. 337. A. arvalis Letell. t. 675. — B. A. pusillus Schceff. t. 203. 638. A. semi-orbicularis Bull. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, taivny-fei'riiginous then ochraceous, slightly fleshy, con- vexo-expanded, obtuse, dry, even, smooth, corrugated when dry. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, scarcely beyond 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, cartilaginous, tough, slender, tense and straight, equal, even, smooth, becoming y^2\\\A ferrugitwus, sJiining, often darker at the base, i7tternally containing a separate fistulose tube which is easily broken up into fibrils. Gills adnate, rarely sinuate behind, almost 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, and many times broader than the flesh of the pileus, crowded, pallid then ferruginous. In pastures, roadsides, &c. Common. June-Oct. The pileus is slightly viscid when fresh and moist. Easily distinguished from A. semiglobatus, with which it has been confounded, by the stem. Spores 14x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — se7m,ha\f; orbicularis, round. Bull. ^. 422./". I. Fr. Mofiogr. i. p. 376. Hym. Eur. p. 260. Berk. Out. p. 160. /. 9./. 4. C. Hbk. 71. 366. lllust. PI. 493. a. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 338. 639. A. tabacinus Dec. — Pileus 6-18 mm. (3-9 lin.) broad, umber then bay-brozv7i-cinnamon, very moist, dingy tan when dry, slightly fleshy, plane and very obtuse at the disc, involute at the margin, even, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick and when shorter more, holloiu, attenuated downwards DERMINI. 285 when shorter, somewhat flexuous, smooth, naked, darker and/z/i-- Naucoria. cous at the base. Gills adnate, crowded, plane, sometimes linear, sometimes ovate, at length bay-brown-cz7i?ia??wn. Casspitose. When fresh wholly bay-brown-fuscous, but hygrophanous. Veil commonly none, but a woven veil appendiculate to the margin of the pileus has been observed. Habit of A. cucumis. Among short grass. Kew Gardens. Name — tabacum ; of the colour of tobacco. Dec. Fl.fr. 5. p. 46? Fr. Mofiogr. i. p. 377. Hym. Eur. p. 261. C. llliist. PL 493. b. ■^* Scorpioidei, growing in moist, -uncultivated, wooded places. 640. A. tenax Fr. — Pileus scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, varying between cinnamon and an olivaceous or somewhat fuscous yellowish, dirty, becoming pale w'hen dry, somewhat fleshy, but thin, so that the gills at length shine through, hemispherical then expanded, obtusely umbonate, smooth, even, viscid especially when young. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, stuffed then hollow, equal, round, adpressedly and becomiiig even- Jibrillose, so that at first sight it seems slightly striate and smooth, dingy pallid {light yellowish) then becoming ftiscous or becoming olive. Gills adnate, afterwards somewhat rounded and somewhat separating, broad, plane, almost distant, sometimes triangular, sometimes oblong, whitish-fuscous, becoming ferruginous, whitish and quite entire at the edge. Veil in the form of a cortina, fugacious. Pileus sometimes slightly wrinkled. Readily distinguished from A. myosotis by the hygrophaiious colour, &c. In a ditch among sticks. Welford, Norths., 1S68, &c. Oct. Spores ovate, even, B. df Br.; 5x4 mk. W.P. ^2.vr\^—tc?iax, tough. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 378. Hym. Eicr. p. 261. B. ^ Br. n. 1248, 1872. 641. A. myosotis Fr. — Pileus about 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, oli- vaceous or fuscous-green then becoming pale, becoming light yel- low, disc darker, fleshy, convex then plane, somewhat umbonate when flattened, even, smooth, zvith a viscous pellicle; flesh thin, pallid. Stem 7.5-15 cent. (3-6 in.) long, 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, equal, often flexuous, sometimes fibrillose (the fibrils here and there blackish), sometimes scaly, pallid then becoming fuscous, white-pruinose at the apex. Cortina manifest, but fugacious, fringing the margin. Gills adnate, decurrent with a tooth, somewhat distant, broad, pallid umber-olivaceous then at length brown-ferrugiiious, serrated and whitish at the edge. The colours are very peculiar. Very distinguished and easily recognised, but there are many forms departing from the type. 286 AGARICUS. Naucoria. In moist placcs. Scarborough. Aug. Name — from combination of colours in Afyosotis. Fr. Mofiogr. i. p. 378. Hytn. Eur. p. 261. Icon. t. t.2^. f. t., C. Illust. PL 494. 642. A. temulentus Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) broad, ferrugvious whe?i moist, ochraceous when drj'', hygrophanous, somewhat me?nbra7iaceous, somewhat fleshy at the disc, campan- ulate then convex, somewhat umbonate, smooth, striate at the cir- cumference when moist, even when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, Jistulose with a pith, tough, equal, _/f/^, crowded, sometimes linear, sometimes ventricose, dark cinnamon ; edge entire, of the same colour. The gills retain their dark colour in every stage of growth. Gregarious, fragile. In boggy places a remarkable variety occurs twice or thrice as large in all its parts, with the stem long, twisted, umber, white-tomentose at the base, with the pileus umbonate, 4 cent, (i J^ in.) broad, fuscous-rufescent, and with the gills broader. On the ground and among leaves in woods. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — conspersus, besprinkled. From the scales. Pcj's. Ic. descr. t. 12. f. 3. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 383. Hym. Eur. p. 264. B. 6^ Br. n. 911. C. Hbk. n. 369. ^-i in.) broad, bluish-grey, livid, rose-colour, somewhat membranaceous, conical then convexo-plane, viscous, stiHate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, \x\zwx\^A, pulverulent, white. Gills free, ventricose, saffron-ochraceous. In structure and nature it is very closely allied to A. reticulatus, and does not differ from it except in the stature of all its parts being smaller and thinner, in the fistulose incurved stem being everywhere white-pulverulent, in the'pileus being somewhat membranaceous, striate but by no means wrinkled, and in the gills being saffron-ochraceous and the spores bright ochraceous. On rotten sticks, &c. Coed Coch. Oct. Name — a\evpov, flour. Dusted over. From the pulverulent stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 388. Hym. Eur. p. 266. Icon. t. 126./. 5. B. ^ Br. n. 1123. C. Hbk. n. 374. Galera. Subgenus XX V. GALEBA {galerus, a cap). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 264. Veil none or fibrillose. Stem somewhat cartil- aginous, co7itin2wus with the hy7?ienophore, tubular (tube some- what hollow). Pileus more or less membranaceous, conical or oval then expanded, striate, margin at the first straight, addressed to the stem. Gills ?tot decurrent. Slender, fragile. DERMINI. 291 The typical character differs manifestly from Naucorise, but Galera. in one or two species of the Naucoriae the margin is scarcely distinctly incurved, though from the habit and other marks these may be reckoned among the Naucoriae, such as A. ciiciimis, cidaris, and badipes. Fr. Hyi7i. Eur. p. 266. Galera corresponds with Myceiia and Nolanea. Spores ochrey-ferruginous. Mostly autumnal, and growing on the ground. * Conocephali (kwi/o?, cone ; K^^akr\, head). Pileus conico - canipanulate, hygrophaJious, rather even, when dry dotted with soft par- ticles ; stem tense and straight ; gills ascend- ing, i?tserted in the top of the cone, somewhat crowded. Veil none. ** Bryogeni (^pvoy, n)oss ; yei'ea, birth). Pileus membranaceous, campanulate, striate, smooth, hygrophanous , even when dry, opaque, very slightly silky ; stem thin, lax, flexile; gills broadly and planely adnate, broad, somewhat denticulate. Slender, grow- ing among moss, cortina wtvy fugacious. *** Eriodermei (eptov, wool; bipfxa, skin). Pilejis somewhat membranaceous, veil manifest, superficial, separating, at the first {chiefly round the margin) silky and squamulose. Compare Tubaria, A. paludosus, &.C., with decurrent gills. XXVII. Agaricus (Galera) teiier. One-third natural size. * Conocephali. Pileus co7iico-cainpanulate, &c. 652. A. lateritius Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) \\\^, pale yellow- ish when moist, ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, membran- aceous, acorn -shaped then cavipaiiulate, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly and densely striate at the margin when moist. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, atten- uated upwards, tense and straight, even, but white -pridnose, whitish. Gills adnexed in the top of the cone, hence appearing as if free, ascending, very narrow, crowded^ cinnamon. Gills almost adpressed to the stem, almost pendulous. Remarkably analo- gous with A. ovalis, but easily distinguished by the liyiear gills and the absence of a veil ; very fragile. In rich pastures. Rare. Sept. Spores II X 5 mk. W.P. Name — later, ■a.'bxxQ^. Brick-red. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 390. Hym. F.ur. p. 267. Icojt. t. 127. yi 2. Berk. Out. p. 162. C. Hbk. 71. 376. Illust. PI. 460. »S. Mycol, Scot. n. 346. Fl. Dan. t. 1846,/. 2. Batt. t. 28. T. 653. A. tener Schasff. — Pileus 12 mm. (;^ in.) and more high, 292 AGARICUS. Galera- of one colour, pallid femiginous whe?i damp, becoming pale when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, co7iico-campanu- late, commonly smooth, slightly striate when moist, wholly even when dry, opaque, somewhat atomate. Stem commonly 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, fragile, equal or when larger thickened downwards, ioise and straight, somewhat shining, striate upwards, of the same colour as the pileus when moist, and like it becoming pale when dry. Gills adnate in the top of the cone, appearing as if free, ascending, somewhat crowded, linear, cijuiavion. The gills though linear are conspicuously broader than those of ^. lateritius. Very changeable, larger and smaller. A notable form is A. pilosellus P. (on rotten wood), pileus and stem whe7t moist pubescent with short erect tender hairs, Var. growing in drier weather : A. gilvo-brunneus Jungh. t. 6./. 12. Pastures and grassy places in woods. Common. May-Nov. Spores ellipsoid, 14-21 x 8-12 mk. A'. / 14-8 mk. IV.G.S. ; 14x7 mk. IV. P. Name — tener, tender. Schceff, t. 70. f. 6-8. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 391. Hym. Eur. p. 267. Berk. Out. p. 162. B. &= Br. n. 2005*. C. Hbk. n. 377. Illust. PL 461. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 347. Sow. t. 33./". i. Bull. t. 535./. i. Bolt. 66./. 2. Brigant. t. ig. f. 5-10. 654. A. ovalis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high and broad, ferrttginotis whe?! moist, becoming yellow when dry, somewhat membranaceous, ovali - campajiiilate., margin straight and ad- pressed to the stem, obtuse, even. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, tense afid straight, slightly striate, of the same colour as the pileus. The partial veil fugacious, but at the first here and there in the form of a ring. Gills so7?ie- luhatfree, very ventricose, very broad, crowded, ferruginous, some- what deliquescent. Large, very fragile, with the nature of the Pratellce. On dung and among grass. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. Name — ovalis, oval. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 389. Hyvi. Eur. p. 268. Berk. Out. p. 162. C. Hbk. n. 375. Illust. PI. 462. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 348. A. campanulatus Bull. t. 552./. i. 655. A. antipus Lasch. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (X-i in.) broad, deep ochraceous when moist, pale almost white when dry, hy- grophanous, campanulate then expanded, with a slightly fleshy prominent disc, but not umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh white when dry. Stem curt, 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, paler than the pileus, tense and straight, striate, inealy, biclbous at the base, with a long, tortuous, smooth, tail-like root. Gills almost free, atten- uated behind, crowded, semi -lanceolate, light yellov^'ish -ochra- ceous then at length cinnamon. DERMINI. 293 Single, slightly rigid. Spores rubiginous. Galera. On soil in gardens, and on dung. Rare. March. Spores 15-18 X 8 mk. B. &=" Br. Name — avri, opposite ; ttou?, a foot. Ap- parently of the root as compared with the stem. Lasch n. 401. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 268. Monogr. ii. /. 303. Icon, t. 128. /. 2. B. hf Br. n. 1251. C. Hbk. n. 378. Illust. PI. 463. a. 656. A. confertus Bolt. — Pileus fuscous, fuscous-ochraceous when dry, hygrophanous, somewhat membranaceous, acutely conico-campanulate, striate, smooth. Stem slender, silky, shining, flaked, the eqiial base very deeply rooted. Gills slightly adnexed, somewhat distant, white then becoming fuscous-ochraceous. Spores fuscous-ferruginous. Very crowded, somewhat caespitose, very fragile. In hothouses, &c. Halifax. In large specimens it is about 2.5 cent, (i in.) in diameter. Bolt. Name— confertus, crowded together. Bolt. t. 18. Fr. Hym. Ezir. p. 268. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 379. niust. PI. 463. b. after Bolton. 657. A. sparteus Fr. Watery ferruginous or cinnamon, becom- ing pale. — Pileus 12 mm. {% in.) broad, hygrophanous, tan when dry, membranaceous, campanulato-convex then expanded, obtuse, striate, smooth. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, delicately fistulose, tense and straight but flexile, polished, smooth, darker somewhat date-brown at the base. Gills wholly adnate, somewhat linear, crowded, at length plane, darker than the pileus. Gregarious, very tender. It holds an intermediate place between this and the following group, approaching nearest to species in this on account of the obtuse pileus, crowded gills, and tense and straight stem. Pileus pellucid- striate when moist. Among moss. Rare. Sept. Name — spartum, a grass, esparto. Probably from the stem. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 392. Hym. Eur. p. 269. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 380. Illust. PI. 481. a. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 349. A. atrorufus Bolt. t. 51. /i i. 658. A. pygmseo-affinis Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, sofnewhat fuscous or honey-colour then tan, fleshy-membran- aceous, campanulate then flattened, dry, without stride, but deli- cately and under a lefts cofispicuously reticulato-iurifiklcd, almost rugged. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fis- tulose, fragile, perfectly equal, shining white, obsoletely pruinose at the apex only when young. Veil scarcely any. Gills slightly reaching the stem, almost free, crowded, thin, quite entire, when young clay-ochraceous, when full grown ferruginous-ochraceous. 2 94 AGARICUS. Galera. Like A. fygmcBMS, but differing in the elongated stem, &c. In a cucumber-house. West Lynn, &c. Nov. Fries gives as its habitat grassy places in walks shaded by trees. Spores 8x4 mk. W.P. Name — affi?ns, allied to A. pyg?ncsus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 389. Hyju. Eur. p. 269. lco7i. t. \2&. f. i. C. Illust. PL 481. b. ** Bryogeni. Pileus me7nbra7iaceous^ campan^ilate, &^c. 659. A. vittseformis Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (}4-i in.) broad, date-browu when moist, membranaceous, conical then hemispheri- cal, obtuse, even at the disc, striate towards the margin, smooth. Stem 4-7.5 cent. (iX-3 in.) long, 1-2 mm. (>^-i lin.) thick, fis- tulose, equal, somewhat straight, but not tense and straight, smooth or sometimes pubescent, slightly striate under a lens, opaque, rubigi7ious. Veil scarcely conspicuous. Gills adnate, broader at the middle, in the form of a segment when larger, somewhat ascending, somewhat distant, at first watery -cifinamon^ at length ferruginous. A smaller form, corresponding with the figure of Schaeffer, has the pileus papillate, the gills linear, and the stem paler. Among moss and grass. Perth, &c. Nov. Name — vitta, a chaplet ; forma, form. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 393. Hym. Eur. p. 269. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 350. C. Illust. PL 464. a. A. campanulatus Schceff. t. 63./. 4-6 (stem light yellowish). 660. A. rubiginosus Pers. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, cinnamon or honey colour when moist, tan when dry, hygrophan- ous, membranaceous, campanulate, obtuse, striate throughout, smooth, even when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, Jilifon/i, fis- tulose, tough, flaccid, smooth, shining, bay-brown or dark ferrugi- nous. Gills adnate, ascending, rather broad, but almost linear, distant, ochraceous. It varies with the stem pubescent under a lens. Among the taller mosses the stem is elongated, and more tense and straight. The gills do not become pale. Intermediate between A. vittceformis and A. hypnoj-um. Among moss. Kew Gardens, 1866. Sept.-Oct. Name — rubigo, rust. From the colour of the stem. Pers. Sy?i. p. 385. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 394. Hy7n, Eur. p. 269. Icoti. t. 128./] 3. B. ^r' Br. 71. 1252. C. Illust. PL 464. b. 7)ii7tor. Alich. Ge7i. t. 7S-f' ^• 661. A. hypnorum Batsch. — Pileus 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) broad, ochraceous- pale -yellowish or watery-cinnamon, tan when dry- hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulato-convex, most fre- quently ^c?////tz/^ at the umbo, but varying obtuse, lincato-sttiate DERMINI. 295 except at the disc, smooth. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, fis- Galera. tulose, ^exi^ous, lax, smooth, \iM\.priiinose at the apex, sometimes rigid and slightly tawny, sometimes filiform, almost capillary and lemon-yellow or ochraceous. Gills adnate, broad, veiitricose, distant, commonly connected with veins, cinnamon-tawny, floc- culose at the edge. Pileus more fleshy at the disc. Small, thin, assuming many forms. Among moss. Common. July-Nov. Requires to be cautiously distinguished from small A. melinoides. Attend to the difference of the margin, M.y.B. In * Elenchus ' (p. 35) Fries thus defines the differences between A. iener, A. melinoides and A. hyp?iorum : — i) A. tener, stem tense and straight, pileus conical, gills linear and ascending ; 2) A. melinoides, stem somewhat tense and straight, unequal, pruinate, paler, pileus fleshy -membranaceous, gills triangular; 3) A. hyp7iorii7n, stem more flexile and pruinate, pileus campanulate and somewhat papillate, gills distant and broader. Name — hypnum, a moss. Growing among mosses. Batschf. 96. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 394. Hym. Eur. p. 270. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. 71. 382. Illust. PL 465. S. Mycol. Scot. 7t. 351. Sow. t. 2.%2.. Bull, t, 560. /. I. C—E. ^ A. sphagnorum Pers. — Twice or thrice as large,, yellow- ochraceous ; pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, disc broad ; stem longer, 7.5-12.5 cent. (3-5 in.), and firmer, fibrillose, tawny. In marshes among Sphagna. Name — sphagnum, bog-moss. Pers. — Fr. Monogr. i. p. 394. Hy77i. Eur. p. 270. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1008. C. Hbk. 71. 383. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 351. Bull. t. 560./. H. 662. A. mniophilus Lasch.— Pileus 12 mm. {}i in.) and more hrodid, fuscous-light-yellowish, almost clay-colour when dry, mem- branaceous, campanulate, almost papillate, striate, disc even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, equal, flexile, fibrillose, yellow, mealy at the apex, floccose at the base. Gills obtusely adnate, piano-ascending, broad, somewhat distant, light yellowish-oc\irdiQ.&ox!iS, in some becoming fuscous-clay-colour. Scarcely different in its essential marks from A. hyp/iorzwt. Among Mnium. Rannoch, &c. Sept.-Oct. Name — it-vlov, moss ; 0tA.o?, loving. Lasch n. 410. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 270. Mo7wgr. i. p. 395. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 352. C. Illust. PI. 496. a. Schceff. t. 63. excludingyf^j. 4-6. Mich. t. 80./. 8. 663. A. minutus Quel.— Pileus 2-3 mm. {1-1% lin.) broad, chamois-bistre, membranaceous, campanulate, striate. Stem i cent. {Yz in.) long, somewhat capillary, smooth, tawny, shining, base webbed-spreading and white. Gills adnato-arcuate, as broad 296 AGARICUS. Gaiera. as long, moderately crowded, yellowish then clay-colour with the edge whitish. Among moss. Wrotham, Kent, &c. Sept.-Oct. Spores pruniform, 6 mk. Name — viinutus, very small. Quel. iii. p. 10. /. I./. 5. B. &f Br. n. 1656*. C. Illust. PI. 466. b. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 24. *** Eriodermei. Pileus sofnewhat membranaceous, dr'c. 664. A. ravidus Fr. — Pileus 1-4 cent. ()4-i}4 in.) broad, of a peculiar greyish colour, fleshy-membranaceous, at first campanu- lato-hemispherical, even, moist, almost slightly viscid, but very hygrophanous, and hence somewhat silky when dry, when young appendiculato-toothed with the white veil. Stem 4-7.5 cent. {1J4-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, very fragile, ascend- ing or twisted, equal, pallid (becoming somewhat yellow) but silvery-shitiing, fibrilloso-striate, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Gills somewhat free, broad, ve?ttricose, distant, ochraceous-saffron or pale yellowish. « Gregarious, fragile. Among chips. Name — ravits, grey. Greyish. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 389. Hym. Eur. p. 2.'j\. C. Illust. PI. 467. a. 665. A. mycenopsis Fr.— Pileus about 12 mm. {Yz in.) broad, pallid honey-colour, slightly fleshy-membranaceous, somewhat globose then campanulate, at le7igth convexo-plane, obtuse or gib- bous with a broadly elevated disc, naked and even at the disc, striate and silky with superficial white-villous down to the middle. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, sometimes straight (but not tense and straight), some- times undulated, attenuated upwards, yellowish, but white silky with adpressed villous down, obsoletely pruinate at the apex. Gills so ventricose at the middle as almost to be triangular, dis- tant, at first adnexed, at length somewhat free, pallid, the edge delicately flocculose. In a plant very like this the gills are adnate, very broad behind, at length plane, becoming whitish-yellow. In marshy ground, in a wood among Sphagna. King's Cliffe. Aug.-Oct. Our plant belongs to the variety mentioned by Fries, with adnate gills. Pileus with the margin clothed with little white scales, the remains of the veil ; stem slightly furfuraceous above ; gills adnate, not merely fixed with a tooth. DERMINI. 297 This species has occurred with pallid gills entirely devoid of spores. B. df Br. Galera. Name — oi//is, resemblance. Mycena-\\VG.. Fr. Monogr. i. f. 395. Hym. Eur. p. 271. Icon. t. i2g. f. i. B. ^ Br. n. 1124. C. Hbk. n. 384. Illust. PL 467. b. Hoffm. Ic. t. 6. a. , Subgenus XXVI. TUBARIA {tuba, a trumpet). — Worth. Smith Tubaria. in Seem. Journ. 1870. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, Jistulose. Pileus somewhat membranaceous, often clothed with the universal floc- cose veil. Gills somewhat decurrent. Spores ferruginous or (in Phasoti) fus- cous-ferruginous. The species re- ferred to this subgenus were taken from Naucoria and Galera because they correspond with Omphalia and Eccilia. The pileus is, however, dis- tinctly umbilicate or depressed in only a few of them ; the others are placed here on account of their somewhat de- current gills, which are broadest be- hind and triangular. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 272. Spores ferrug- * Genuini (typical species), i7l07lS. ** Phasoti (^aids, dusky). Spores fuscous-ferruginous. A^i I'lII. AgaricHS {Tubaria) furfuraceus. One-half natural size. * Genuini. Spores ferruginous. 666. A. cupularis Bull.— Pileus scarcely 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, rufescent then light yellowish, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, piano-depressed, obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, slender, fistulose, naked, attenuated upwards, whitish. Gills decurrent, crowded, tawny. On mountainous heath. Creag Maoiseach, Strathtay, 1877. Aug. Spores brown -ferruginous. 'Na.mQ— cupularis, cup-shaped. Bull. t. 554. /. 2. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 272. B. 6^ Br. n. 1657. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 353. 667. A. furfuraceus Pers. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {%-i in.) broad, pale cinnamon, becoming pale, hoary-tan when dry, slightly fleshy, convex and obtuse when young, flattened and umbilicate when more grown, slightly and somewhat pellucidly striate when moist, when dry even and slightly silky, covered chiefly 298 AGARICUS. Tubaria. round the margin with the hoary, silky-sguamnlose veil. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, floccoso-furfurate at least when young, villous at the base with the effused white mycelium, of the same colour as the pilens, and deeper in colour as the pileus becomes pale. Gills somewhat decurrent, very broad at the stem, more or less distant, bright cinnamon. Very polymorphous. Gregarious, very hygrophanous, 7iot viscid, at length fragile. The gills scarcely change colour. On twigs, stalks, &c. Common. Jan.-Dec. ISi^ime— furfur, bran. Branny, scurfy. Pers. Syn. p. 454. Fr. Monogr. 1. p. 382. flym. Eur. p. 272. Berk. Otit. p. 161. C. Hbk. 11. 387. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 354. Var. C. Illust. PL 483. A. squarrosus Bicll. t. 535. f 3, Batsch /. 98. 668. A. paludosus Fr. — Pileus 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, pale yellowish-fuscous, but everywhere silky with superficial pallid flocci, somewhat membranaceous, at first conical, then convex, tnn- bonate with a very promi?ient papilla, without strics. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick at the base, attenuated towards the apex where it is only i m. {14. lin.) thick, fistulose, flexuous, ochraceoics J paler, white-villo2is below, flocculose above with the remains of the veil. Gills decurrent, very broad behind, trian- gular and with a decurrent tooth, crowded, thin, watery ochraceous It departs from the type of the group in having the pileus papillate. In the typical form [stygia) the gills are truly decurrent. There is another form, paludosa, occurring in dried marshes : pileus somewhat fuscous-honey colour, stem only 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, gills not decurrent. On marshy ground among Sphagna. Rare. Aug. Spores almond-shaped, 12 mk. Q. Name — palus, a marsh. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 396. Hym. Eur. p. 273. Icon. t. 129. f. 3. B. &= Br. n. 1125. C. Hbk. 71. 385. Illust. PL 484. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 355. 669. A. stagninus Fr. — Pileus 6-20 mm. (3-10 lin.) broad, bay-brown-ferruginous or brown when moist, somewhat ochra- ceous when dry, somewhat membranaceous, conical then hemi- spherical, never flattened, obtuse, sometimes rather depressed in the centre, somewhat viscid and slightly striate when moist, even when dry, elegantly clothed and appendiculate rou7id the margin withfloccose, superficial, concejttric, white scales. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) to as much as a span long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, slightly tough, fistulose, equal, rubiginous then date-brow7i, somewhat pruinose at the apex. Gills decurrent^ very broad, triangular, ferruginous. DERMINI. 299 The rooting base of the stem which is immersed among Sphagna is attenu- Tubaria. ated and white-villous. There is a slender form differing in the darker colour, smaller, often denuded, pileus, and narrower gills. On marshy ground. Sibbertoft, &c. A dwarf form about the size of A. inquilinus, B. 6^ Br. Name — stag- nuiii, a swamp. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 396. Hym. Eur. p. 273. Icon. t. 129. /". 2 (slender form). B. 6^ Br. ti. 2005 bis. C. Illust. PI. 468. 670. A. embolus Fr, Wholly pale yellowish-tawny when in vigour. — Pileus 12 mm. (X in.) broad, ochraceous-tan when dry, hygrophanous, campanulate then hemispherical, obtuse, smooth, lineato-striate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, shining-yellow when dry, becoming ferruginous at the base, fistulose, maiiifestly thickened upwards, smooth, naked. Gills adnate, very broad be- hind, triangular, thick, very distant, tawny-cinnamon when dry. The stature and gills are wholly those of A. umbelliferus. On heathy ground. Rare. Oct. Name — efx^oko's, a wedge. From the shape of the gills. Fr. Monogr. i. /• 393- Hym. Etir. p. 274. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 381. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 356. 671. A. autochthonus B. & Br.— Pileus 6 mm. (X in.) broad, ochrey-white, obtuse, hemispherical, silky, flocculose at the mar- gin. Stem 1 8 mm. (34f in.) long, not i m. {yi lin.) thick in the centre, flexuous, thickened upwards and at the white-woolly base. Gills distinctly adnate with a tooth, horizontal, honey-coloured. Spores paler than in A. furfuraceus, 4 mk. (those of A. furfiirace^is 5 mk. ) It does not become pallid in drying like that species, but is of an ochra- ceous-white from the first. It is probably a very common species. On the naked soil. Woodnewton, Norths. Name — avro?, self; x^'^*'. the earth. Springing from the earth itself. B. &f Br. n. H2I. C. Hbk. n. 388. Grevillea, t. 77./. 4. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 274. *'^ Ph^oti. spores fuscoits-ferrugitious. 672. A. crobulus Fr.— Pileus 12-18 mm. (j^-^ in.) broad, slightly fleshy, flattened, obtuse, without striae, slightly viscid, in itself wholly smooth, but covered over with floccose, somewhat squarrose, separating, white scales, then naked, becoming hoary- tan, shining. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or little more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, equal, incurved or flexuous, fuscous^ de?isely beset with white floccose scales. Gills adnate, somewhat deciirrent, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, becoming fus- cous-ferruginous, the edge under a lens unequal. 300 AGARICUS. Tubaria. Spores brown. Allied to A. inquilinus. It is as it were a larger state of that species, with the veil of A. furfur aceus, but more evident, and here and there in the form of a floccose ring at the apex of the stem. The ring is mo- derately persistent, white, but often awanting. Among sticks. Welford, Norths., &:c. Sept.-Oct. Name — Kpoi^vKo?, a knot of hair twisted on the crown of the head. From the peculiar scales on the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 380. Hy7)i. Eur. p. 274. B. fr= Br. n. 1249. C. Illust. PI. 496. 673. A. inquilinus Fr. — Pileus 12 mm. (;^ in.) broad, varying in colour, when fresh livid-fuscous (becoming hoary when dry), somewhat brick- colour (tan), hygrophanous, membranaceous, slightly fleshy at the disc, convex then plane and at length um- bonate, slightly viscid, smooth, striate when moist, even when dry. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tough, attenuated downwards, flexuous, white-Jib?'illose or slightly silky, date-browjt, white floccose at the base ; thick- ened at the apex, at first flocculose. Gills very broad behind (hence iriangiilar), broadly adjiate, somewhat decurre?it, plane, somewhat distant, more than 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, clay-fuscous, at length umber. The stem is sometimes a little longer among grass, sometimes shorter on wood. Gregarious. On chips, stalks, SiC. Common. Aug.-Oct. Pileus yellowish or tan colour, M.J.B. Name — hiquilinus—incolhius (incolo), a lodger. Growing on other substances, parasitic. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 380. Hyin. Eur. p. 274. Berk. Out. p. 161. C. Hbk. n. 386. Illust. PI. 497. S. My col. Scot. n. 357. Crepidotus. Subgcnus XXVII. CREPIDOTUS (Kprrn-ls, crepida, a slipper, sandal). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 272. Stature various, irregular, without a manifest veil. Pileus excentric, lateral or resupinate. Spores ferruginous. The species belonging to Worthington Smith's subgenus Clau- dopus have been removed from this subgenus, as they are in- termediate between Hyporhodii and Dermini by reason of the rubiginous spores. Fr. Hy?n. Eur. p. 275. Crepidotus corresponds with Pleurotus. The species grow on wood, rarely on mosses, and appear late. Commonly thin, with soft flesh, scarcely edible. Compare Paxillus atro-toj?tentosus, panuoides, &^c., which differ completely as to the gills. 674. A. alveolus Lasch. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, ?noist, ochraceous-fuscous, occasionally becoming olive at the mar- DERMINI. 301 gins, becoming pale when dry, fleshy-soft, obovate, sometimes re- Crepidotus. pand, rather plane, even, smooth ; dimidiate, laterally somewhat sessile, or extended behind with a short, stem-like, tomentoso-villous base and horizontal. Gills determinate, not decurrent at the base, broad, crowded, clay-fuscous. Very much allied to A. mollis, but differing in the more fleshy, somewhat cuneiform pile- us, in the colour of all its parts being darker, and especially in the broad gills. On old stumps, oak, &c. Aug.-Oct. Rare. Shaped like a Fr. Monogr. i. Name — alveus, a trough, little trough. Lasch n. 582. p. 398. Hyyn. Eur. p. 275. Berk. Out. p. 163. C. Hbk. n. 352. Illust. PI. 499 a. S, Mycol. Scot. n. 358. XXIX. Agarzats ' {Crepidottis) Mollis. One-half natural size. 675. A. mollis Schseff. — Pileus pallid then becomiiig hoary, at length with rufous spots from the shed spores, ge latino Jis-Jleshy, convexo-plane, obovate or reniform, undulated and lobed when larger, flaccid, even, smooth., ^ysmda?i\.Q., somewhat sessile {}a\>X vary- ing extended behind into a short, 12 mm. {Yz in.), strigose stem), often imbricated ; flesh very soft, more or less thick, watery whitish. Gills commonly decurrent to the base, linear^ 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, crowded, whitish-grey then watery cinnamon. On sticks, stumps, sawdust, &c. Common. July-Nov. Pileus 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.) broad. Spores 9x5 mk. W.G.S. Name — mollis, soft. Schceff. t. 213. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 399. Hym. Eur. p. 275. Berk. Out. p. 164. t. 9./. 6. C. Hbk. n. 353. Illust. PI. 498. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 359. Sow. t. 98. Hussey i. t. 74. Price f. 25. Brigant. t. 41. f. 6-8. Letell. t. 688. . 676. A. applanatus Pers. — Pileus watery cinnamon when moist, whitish when dry, very hygrophanous, slightly and watery fleshy, soft, h\x\. fragile, wholly plane and horizontal, exte?ided be- hind in a straight line into a very short white tomentose stei7i, otherwise reniform or cuneiform, slightly striate at the margin when moist, even when dry ; at length depressed behind, some- what sessile. Gills ending determinately behind, crowded, linear, thin, whitish, then watery cinnamon. Pileus watery but not gelatinous. Encircled at the base with the whitish mycelium growing on the wood. On decaying wood. Penzance. 302 AGARICUS. Crepidotus. Spores sphaeroid, uniguttate, 5-6 mk. K. Name—^lano, to make level. Become plane. Fers. Obs. i. /. 8. t. 5./. 3 (under the name of A. stipticus). Fr. Monogr. i. p. 399. Hym. Enr. p. 276. B. dr" Br. n. 2006. 677. A. calolepis Fr.— Pileus scarcely 12 mm. (X in-) broad, slightly fleshy, reniform, convex, almost shell-shaped, dimidiate, sessile on a small villous knot, margined with white behind, beautifully variegated with minute, crowded, rufescent scales ; flesh firm, not gelatinous. Gills concurrent at the base, rounded behind, comparatively broad, at first becoming pallid fuscous, then fuscous-ferruginous. Spores fuscous-ferruginous. On dead wood. Edinburgh Fungus Show, 1878. Oct. Name — xaAo?, beautiful ; AeTri?, a scale. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 276. Icon. t. 129./. 4. B. b' Br. n. 1765. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 360. C. Illiist. PI. 499. b. 678. A. haustellaris Fr.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. {Yz-i in.) broad, pale yellowish-tan, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, almost pellucid, flaccid, exactly lateral, reniform, plane, even, delicately villous ; flesh very thin, watery, pallid-light-yellowish. Stem distinct and almost separate, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, attefiuated upwards, almost conical, round, villous., white, somewhat ascending when young, then straight and horizontal. Gills determinate, rounded, somewhat crowded, pallid then fuscous-ci7i7iamo7i. Regular, gregarious, but never casspitose or imbricated. Chiefly remark- able for the somewhat conical stem and almost free gills. The pileus when older is cinnamon, and as if pulverulent with the spores. The stem, which is commonly solid, has sometimes occurred hollow. It has many features in common with A. calolepis, but they differ in more. On dead trunks. Rare. Name — haustus, a drawing water. From the watery flesh. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 399. Hyfn. Eur. p. 276. Berk. Out. p. 164. B. 5f Br. n. 2007. C. Hbk. n. 354- 679. A. rubi Beik.— Pileus 6-12 mm. {%-%. in.) broad, yellow- ish or livid-grey, pallid when old, fleshy, clothed with very minute crystalline meal. Stem short, incurved, solid, strigose at the base. Gills adnato-decurrent, slightly ventricose, rather distant, greyish then umber, edge pulverulent. Spores umber. The pileus, which is at first regular with a short stem, gradually becomes excentric and resupinate. The stem is at first straight then incurved, externally mealy, adhering by a little fine down. On dead bramble, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Oct. The habit is wholly that of forms of ^. depluens, but distinguished by the DERMINI. 303 " umber spores" Fr. Name — rubus, bramble. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. f. 102. Crepidotus. Out. p. 164. t. 9./. 7. C. Hbk. n. 355. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 361. Fr. Hym. Etir. p. 276. 680. A. chimonophilus B. &. Br. Pure white. — Pileus 6 mm. (X in-) broad, convex, rather thick, clothed with villous down, margin inflexed. Stem extremely short or obsolete. Gills atten- uated behind, few, distant. Spores pale yellow-brown, oblongato-elliptic, with a distinct lateral nucleus. On dead branches of Pyrus torminalis. Benetield, Norths. Dec. Name — x^nuitv, winter ; (^iX6j, loving, B. 6^ Br. ?i. 687, Out. p. 164. C. Hbk. n. 356. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 276. 681. A. epibryus Fr.— Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more broad, shinijig white, membranaceous, resupinate, sessile, adnate at the vertex, becoming silky-even. Gills concii7-re?it iji the centre, thin, crowded, whitish then pale yellowish (not rubiginous). The structure and appearance are wholly those of A. variabilis, but it differs conspicuously from that species in its form being fnore regular, cup- shaped, always entire, but not effuso-reflexed, and in being without the rudi- ment of a stem. On mosses, grass, holly-leaves, living Vaccinium, &:c. Coed Coch, 1878, &c. Oct. Name — eTrl, upon ; ^pvov, moss. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. ^jj. Monogr. i, /, 401 B. df Br. n. 1766. 682. A. Phillipsii B. & Br. Slightly umber,— Pileus about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, oblique, striate, smooth. Stem 2-3 mm. {i-ij4 lin.) long, solid, incurved at the base. Gills shortly adnate, narrow, ventricose. On grass. Wrekin. Penicuik. Autumn. Spores 5 mk, B. df Br.; 5x7 mk, IV.P. Name— after William Phillips, B. &> Br. n. 1658, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 362. 683. A. pezizoides Nees, — Pileus sessile, thin, cup-shaped then reflexed, mealy, somewhat tomentose. Gills concurrent at the centre, somewhat distant, olivaceous-fiiscojts then tawny. Spores unknown. Gregarious. On rotten branches. Rare. Warwickshire. T>lQ.me—Peziza-like. Nees. Act. Nat. Curios, ix, t. 6. / 18 (very young), Fr. Hytn. Eur. p. 277. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hbk. n. 357, 684. A. Ralfsii B. & Br,— Pileus yellow, semi-reflexed, deli- cately furfuraceous, slightly hispid, the involute margin spreading. 304 AGARICUS. Crepidotus. adfixed by cottony flocci. Stem obsolete. Gills ventricose, clay- colour, margin whitish. On decaying wood. Penzance. Name — after J. Ralfs. B. b' Br. n. 2008. Chitonia. Series IV. PRATELLI {pratiim, meadow or pasture ground). Spores typically black -purple or fuscous-purple, more rarely fuscous. [It is to be observed that the spores vary in colour according to the colour of the ground on which they are deposited.] There are sterile forms with the gills persistently white {A. obtii- ratus, A. udus). Those species are more deceptive in which the gills continue for a long time white, and even begin to decay before they are discoloured by the spores ; these may be easily mistaken for Leucospori. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 277. Subgenus XXVIII. CHITONIA.— The universal veil (forming a volva) separate from the pileus. Hymenophore separate from the stem. Gills free. Spores fuscous-purple. Analogous with Ainaiiita and Volvaria. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 277. No British species. Psailota. Subgenus XXIX. PSALIOTA {^aXiov, a ring or collar). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 280, Stropharia included. Stem ringed, separate from the hymenophore. Gills free. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. 278. Psaliota corresponds with Lepiota. The gills are rounded be- hind and manifestly free, exactly as in Lepiota. The species grow on the ground, and begin to appear about the end of summer. The larger ones have been more esteemed as food perhaps than any other, and are well known from the common mushroom {A. canipestris\ * Edules {edulis, edible). Larger, more fleshy, celebrated under the name of Champignon, ** Minores. Not tised as food, pileus thinly fleshy. * Edules. Larger, more fleshy, &^c. 685. A. Elvensis B. & Br. — Pileus 15 cent. (6 in.) and more broad, somewhat globose then hemispherical, fibrillose, broken PRATELLl. 305 up into large persistent brown, not fusco-citrinous scales, areolate Psaliota. in the centre; margin very obtuse, thick, covered with pyramidal warts; flesh 18 mm. (^ in.) thick in the centre, turning red when cut. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 5 cent. (2 in.) thick in the centre, solid, stuffed with delicate threads, at first nearlv equal, at length swollen in the centre and attenuated at the base, fibrillose and areolate below, nearly smooth within the pileus. Ring thick, very large, deflexed, broken here and there, areolato-verrucose beneath. Gills free, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, of a brownish flesh-colour. Casspitose. Taste and smell excellent. Under oak-trees. Bodelwyddan, 1863. Sept. -V-VA*. Agaric us {Psaliota) cain- pestris. One-third natural size. Name — from the district bordering on the Elwy. B. ^ Br. n. 1009. Hbk. n. 392. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 278. C. 686. A. arvensis Schseff. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) and more broad, whitish, fleshy, globoso-campanulate then flattened, obtuse, flocculoso-inealy ivhen young, then slightly silky even or squamu- lose. dry ; flesh thick, compact, at length softer, white, unchange- able. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more thick, hollow, with a lax floccose pith, but stout, thickened at the base, obsoletely marginato- bulbous when young, even, smooth, white. Ring superior, large, pendulous, formed as it were of two growing together, the interior one membranaceous, uniform, the exterior one thicker and shorter, somewhat free at the circumference, radiately split. Gills free, approximate, ventricose, broader in front, always arid, white, at length reddish fuscotis. The gills remain long pallid, are never dark red as in A. praieiisis, and never deliquescent. In meadows and borders of fields, &c. Common. Spring, Autumn. Known as the " Horsc-Muslnooni." When young and fresh it is delicious, but becomes tough when old. Tlie flesh is firm and abundantly juicy. Ac- cording to Berkeley it often turns yellow when bruised. Spores sphasroid- ellipsoid, 9x6 mk. A'.; rix6 mk. IV.G.S. Name — an'um, a cultivated field. Schaff. t. 310, 311. Fr. Moiiogr. i. />. 405. Hym. Eur. p. 278. Sverig. iitl. Sv. t. 4. Berk. Out. />. 166. /. 10. f. 4. C. Hbk. 11. 389. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 363. Husscy'x. t. 76, 77. Paul. t. 134./. 1, 2. A. Georgii VOL. 1. L o 06 AGARICUS. Psaliota. Sow. t. 304. Berk. Eng. FL v. p. 105. A. edulis Krombh. t. 23. f. 11-14, 26./. 9-13. Tratt. Essh. Schw. t. J. A. exquisitus Vett. Mang. t. 18. Var. purpurasceus C. Illust. PL 584. 687. A. cretaceus Fr. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more broad, wholly white, fleshy, lens-shaped-globose when young, then con- vexo-flattened, obtuse, dry, sonietimes eveft, sometimes rivulose chiefly round the margin from the cuticle separathig i?ito sqiiam- tdes ; flesh thick, white, unchangeable. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-12 mm. (3-6 lin.) and more thick, hollow^ stuffed with a spider-web pith, firm, attenuated upwards, even, smooth, not spotted, white. Ring superior, large, reflexed with the margin again erected, even, white. Gills free, then remote, ventricose but very imich narrowed towards the stein, crowded, remaining lo7ig white, becoming fuscous only when old. Spores wholly as in /i. cavipestris. In meadows and stoves. Rare. The stem is sunk into the substance of the pileus 5o as to make the gills remote. At first sight it looks much like a Lepiota, as, for example, A. naucinus, M.J.B. Spores 3 x 4 mk. W.G.S. Name — or^'a, chalk. Chalky- white. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 404. Hym. Eiir. p. 279. Sv. Bot. t. 596. /. 2. Sverig. dtl. Svamp. t. 39. Berk. Out. p. 167. /. 10. /! 5. 688. A. campestris Linn.— Pileus about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, varying white and rufescent, fleshy, lens-shaped-convex then flattened, obtuse, dry, sometimes silky-even, sometimes sqiiamtdosej flesh thick and soft, becoming reddish or sometimes becoining fus- cous. Stem stuffed, firm, short, bulbous when young, then some- what equal, even or squamulose, white. Ring medial, or more strictly sheathed to the middle, spreading or reflexed, torn, often deciduous and sometimes in the form of a cortina. Gills free, approximate, ventricose, equally attenuated at both ends, crowded, often deliquescent, whitish then soofi flesh-coloured and at length umber-fuscous. Much more variable than A. arz'ejisis, &c., both in stature and colours. There are numerous varieties : A. alba pileus somewhat silky, w^hitish ; stem short. Berk. Out. t. lo. /. 2. Viv. t. 44. Harz. t. 9. — B. praticola pileus rufous-scaly, flesh immediately rufescent. Vittad. t. 7. Viv. t. 43. — C. rufes- cens pileus rufous, minutely squamulose; stem elongated. Berk. t. lo.f. 3. — D. ii7nbri7ia pileus becoming even, umber ; stem stout, squamulose. Vitt. t. 8. — E ? fulvaster pileus even, ochraceous tawny ; stem solid ; gills rose- coloured then blackish. Viv. t. 45 upper fig. ; perhaps distinct. More abnormal variations are costata pileus sulcate, repand. Viv. t. 45 lower fig. ; A. villaticjis pileus with the skin peehng off in scales ; stem scaly, from the inferior veil, with somewhat of a volva sheathed and ringed. Brand. Cr. Ag. t. 7. B. 6^ Br. 72. 1533*, 13 in. in diameter, with a stem 3 in. thick. C. Illust. PI. 585. Various forms, commonly becoming fuscous, are cultivated under the names ^. horte/isis, vapo7-arius, ciyptaru7u, S:c. Kro77tbh. t. 16. fi. 14. Paul. t. 132. Seer. 71. 94. PRATL.LLI. 3^7 In meadows, &c. Cosmopolitan. May-Oct. Psaliota. Although very common it is very capricious in its gi-owth. Edible. Well known as the common mushroom. Spores sphasroid-ellipsoid, 9 x 6 mk. A'.; 6x8 mk. IV.G.S. Name — cavipus, a plain, field. Linn. Siiec. ?i. 1205. Ft: Monogr. i. f. 406. Hym. Eur. p. 279. Sverig. at I. Sv. t. 5. Berk. Out. p. 165. C. Hhk. n. 390. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 364. Soiv. t. 305. Grev. t. 161. Htissey i. /. 90. Schffff. t. 33. Krombh. t. 2-^. f. 1-8. Vittad. t. 6-8. Bar la t. 27, Trait, t. K, Gonn. 5f Rab. 2. t. i. . Hym. Eur. p. 289. Hypholoma. Subgeiiiis XXXI. HYPHOLOMA (y^T], web ; Xuiyia, fringe). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 287. Hyyiicnopliore conti7inoiis with the stem. Veil woven into a web which adheres to the ma7'gi?i of the pileits. Pileus more or less fleshy, the margin at the first incurved. Gills adnate or sin- uate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 290. Hypholoma corresponds with T7'icJioloma, E?ttoloma, and Hebe- loma. The veil which is woven in- to a spidery web does not form a ring. CcEspitose, growing oil wood. The species are not edible, the tough ones being bitter, and the ones almost devoid of flesh. fragile " Fasciculares {A. fascicularis). Colour XXXII. Agaricns {HypJiolojiid) of the tough, smooth, dry {except A. s/'/accus) fascicularis. One-fourth natural pUeus bright, fiot hygropha?ious. size. ** Viscidi {viscidus, viscid). Pileus naked, viscous. *** Velutini {A. velutinus). Pileus silky loith innate fibj-i Is or streaked. **** Flocculosi {floccus, a lock of wool). IVithfloccose, superficial sepa?-at- iug scales. •** Appendiculati {A. appe?idiculatus). Pileus smooth, hygrophanous. .jt^ j^^j * Fasciculares. Colour of the tough, smooth, dry {except A. silaceus) pileus bright, not hygrophanous. 708. A. silaceus Pers.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, orange- rufous, fleshy, convex, viscous, silky and whitish round the PRATELLI. 317 margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, stuffed then iiollow, bulbous, Hypholoma shining, fibrilloso-striate. Gills adnate, crowded, grey then olivaceous. Solitary, according to Secretan caespitose from a common tuber. In old pasture. Glamis, 1874. Aug. Smell resembling that of meal. Spores pale purplish-brown, B. cf By. It seemis to be separated from any of the forms of A. sublateritii(s by its viscous pileus (an exception in this group). Name — sil, yellow ochre. Ochrey. Pers. Syii. p. 421. Fr. Hyin. Eur. p. 290. B. &^ Br. n. 1498. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 277- Batt. t. 22. E. 709. A. sublateritius Schasff. — Pileus tawny-brick-red, but paler round the margin and covered over with a superficial, some- what silky, whitish cloudiness (arising from the veil), fleshy, con- vexo-piane, obtuse, discoid, dry, even, becoming smooth; flesh compact, white then becoming yellow. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, stuffed stout and firm, com- monly manifestly attenuated downwards, rarely equal, scaly- Jibrillosc, fibrils pallid, ferruginous downwards. Cortina superior, at first white, at length becojning black. Gills adnate, more or less crowded according to stature, narrow, at first dingy yellowish and darker at the base, then fuliginous, and at length inclining to olivaceous. Spores fuscous-purple. Somewhat casspitose. Stem incurved from position. There are many varieties : B. somewhat solitary, the pileus and stem, which is thickened at the base, of the same colour, rufescent, Paul. t. 109. C. smaller, pileus light yellowish, the hollow stem equal. Schceff. t. 49. /i 4, 5. On old stumps. Common. April-Dec. Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 m.) and more broad. Veil adhering in fragments to the margin. Stem at length fistulose, but the walls are as thick or twice as thick as the diameter of the canal. Taste very bitter ; doubtless poisonous. The smaller var. referred to by Fries has been named by Berkeley and Broome var. Scha?fferi Sclicrff. t. 49. f. 4, 5, and described thus, — " Pileus conical, at length depressed, wrinkled ; gills narrow, decurrent, even in the youngest specimens." Coed Coch, 1878. Spores 6 x 3 nik. W.G.S. Name — .r//(^, and later, a brick. Somewhat brick-coloured. Schcrff. t. 49./. 6, 7. /•'/-. Monogr. i. p. 421. Hym. Eur. p. 290. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. no. Out. p. 169. C. Hbk. n. 402. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 378. Hussey i. t. 60. Krombh. t. 44. /. 1-3. Hedw. Crypt, t. 38. Var. Scheefferi B. 6^ Br. n. 1768. 710. A. capnoides Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) sometimes 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, ocJiraceous - yellowish, fleshy, convex, then flattened, obtuse, dry, smooth ; flesh somewhat thin, white. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, growing- together at the base, hollow, equal, often curved and flexuous, becoming silky-even, pallid, whitish at the apex, here and there striate, becoming ferruginous under the surface-covering when 3l8 AGARICUS. Hypholoma. old. Cortina appendiculate, white, then becoming fuscous-purple. Gills adnate, easily separating, somewhat crowded, rather broad, arid, at first bliiish-grey then becomvig fuscous-purple. Caespitose, fasciculate ; odour and taste mild. On pine-stumps. Uncommon. April-Dec. Spores ellipsoid-sphasroid, 7x5 mk. K. Name- Kan-i/d?, smoke; elfio?, appearance. From the smoky gills. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 421. Hym. Em-, p. 291. Icon. t. 133./. I. B. ^ Br. n. 913*. C. Hbk. n. 403. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 379. 711. A. epixanthus Fr. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, light yellow or becoming pale, the disc commonly darker, fleshy, moderately thin, convexo-plane, obtuse or gibbous, even, slightly silky then becoming smooth ; flesh white, becoming light yellow. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, attenuated from the thickened base or equal, filoccoso-fibrillose, pale-ferruginous or becoming fuscous below, pruinose at the apex. Cortina appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, at first light yellotu-white, at length becoming cinereous, not deliquescent, and not becoming purple or green. Strong-smelling, odour acid ; extremely variable in stature. Not hygroph- anous. On fir-stumps. Frequent, Aug.-Dec. Easily known by the absence of the bitter taste, and cinereous tint of the gills. B. ^ Br. Name — ctti, and ^ay66<;, yellow. Yellowish. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 422. Hym. Eur. p. 291. Ico7i. t. 133./. 2. B. 6^ Br. n. 9x4. C. Hbk. v. 404. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 380. Paul. t. 107. Batt. t. 23. D. 712. A. elaeodes Fr. — Pileus brick-red or tan, fleshy, rather plane, somewhat umbonate, dry, smooth, opaque ; flesh yellow. Stem stuffed then hollow, equal, commonly slender, incurved or flexuous, fibrillose, of the same colour as the pileus, becoming ferruginous. Gills adnate, crowded, thin, greeji thejt pure olivaceous. Casspitose ; odour bitter. On trunks and on the ground. Slough, 1873. Name — eAaios, olive ; elfio?, appearance. From the olive colour of the gills. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 291. B. &f Br. 11. 1419.— A) pileus brick-red. Paul. t. 108. B) pileus tan. Bull. t. 30, Larbr. t. 16./. 2 but the stem is figured as hirsute, 713. A. fascicularis Huds,— Pileus light yellow, the disc com- monly darker, fleshy, thin, convex then flattened, somewhat umbonate or obtuse, even, smooth, ^xy \ fiesh light yellow. Stem very variable in length, hollow, thin, incurved or flexuous, fibril- PRATELLI. 319 lose, of the same colour as the pileus and flesh. Gills adnate, Hyphoioma very crowded, linear, somewhat deliquescent, sidpliiir-yelloiv the7i becojni7ig green. It is very easily distinguished from the preceding species by its bitter odoidr and taste, light-yellow Jlesh, a?id sotnewhat deliqicescejit, siilp/ucr-yelloiv then green, gills. It forms also more crowded clusters. There are many remark- able varieties ; one robustior (more robust), stem thickened at the base^ another nana (dwarf), both on the groimd. On old stumps and the ground. Extremely common. April- Dec. Pileus about 5 cent. (2 in.) broad ; stem 5-22.5 cent. (2-9 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, but very variable in the same cluster. With portions of the veil often adhering to the margin of the pileus. Poisonous. Spores sphaeroid- ellipsoid 6-7x4 mk. A'. / 6x4 mk. W.G.S. Name — fascicuhis, a small bundle. Casspitose. Huds. — Fr. Monogr. 1. p. ^"ZT.. Hyjn. Eur. p. 291, Berk. Out. p. 169. /. xi. f. i. C. Hbk. «. 405. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 381. Bolt, t. 29. Sow. t. 285. Grev. t. 329. Hussey ii. t. 15. Fl. Dan. t. 2075. Krombh. t. 4.4./. 4-5. 714. A. dispersus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i-i;^ in.) broad, tawny-honey-colour, not hygrophanous, V/z^/it//y_/7^j'4K, campanulate then convex, at length expanded, even, supet'ficially silky roiuid the margi?i with the veil, or squamulose, otherwise even and smooth ; flesh thin, a little paler than the pileus. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) or a little more long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, te7ise and straight, tough, fcbrilloso-silky, somewhat ferruginous, becoming fuscous at the base, pale at the apex. Gills adnate, thin, ventricose, broad i^-Z mm., 3-4 lin.), crowded.^ at first pallid- st?'aw-coloi(r, at length clouded, obsoletely green. Gills broader than in A.fascicularis, Sac. Solitary, scarcely ever csespitose. On pine-stumps and the ground. Frequent. April-Nov. Name — dispergo, to scatter. From its habit of growth. Fr. Afonogr. i. /. 422. Hym. Eur. p. 292. Ico?i. t. 133. /. 3. B. &f Br. n. 794. Berk. Out. p. 169. C. Hbk. n. 406. Illust. PL 586. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 382. Saund. tSr' Sm. t. 24./". 1-3, stem much elongated. ** VisciDi. Pileus 7iaked, viscous. No British species. ■»t*-if Velutini. Pileus silky or streaked with i/inate fibrils. 715. A. storea Fr.— Pileus almost 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale fuscous then dingy isabelline, fleshy, convex, broadly umbonate, somewhat depressed round the umbo, the whole surface broken up i7tto hvigitudinally adnate (rarely squarrose) y?^r//j. Cortina a prolongation of the fibrils of the pileus, appendiculate at the margin; flesh white, compact, but not thick. Stem 10-12. 5 cent. 320 AGARICUS. Hypholoiii.i. _|^_- in.) long, 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, solid, equal, round, even, some- what Jibrillose, pallid. Gills adnata luitli a decurrc7it tooth, in groups of 4-6, becoming livid-cinereous, at length fuscous, the edge, which is at first serrulated, white. Spores fuscous, not fuscous-purple. Firm, solitary and not hygrophanous, in which it differs widely from A. lachrymabiaidns, &:c. The habit is rather that of Inocyhe. On roots of trees. Very rare. Ascot. Perth Fungus Show. Sept.-Oct. Gathered in England in 1873, i^ England and in Wales in 1874, and in Scotland in 1875. Spores 6 x 4 mk. W.P. Name — i/^? /-!?(?, a mat. From the texture of the pileus. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 423. Hym. Eur. p. 293. B. or Br. n. 1418. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 383. Smith, Jojirn. Bat. xiv. /. 176./. 4. 716. A. lachrymabundus Fr.— Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, whitish when young, then fuscous, becoming pale round the margin, truly fleshy, but not compact, convex, obtuse, piloso- scaly, the innate scales darker ; flesh white. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) thick, hollow, somewhat thickened at the h2iSe,Jibrilloso-scaly, becoming fuscous-whitish. Cortina separate, fibrillose, appendiculate, white. Gills adnate, crowded, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, whitish then fuscous-purple, edge whitish and dis- tilling drops in wet weather. Sipoves/usrous-purp/c'. From mutual pressure the pilei are often irregular. Very catspitose, firm. It differs remarkably from .4. pyrotrichtis, ike, with which it has been confounded, in tlie fleshy and not hygrophanous pileus. A. lachrymabundus /?/(-//. /. 525./. 3 is A. pyrotrichus ; t. 194 remains doubtful. It must not be confounded with A. velutinus. On trunks and the ground. Uncommon. Sept.-Oct. A form has occurred in which the broadly adnate gills remained persistently white. The edge was studded with beads of moisture as in the more ordinary condition, B. of Br. Frequently confounded with ^. t'^//c^/;//cj. Spores 9-11 mk. B. fr" Br. Name — lachryma, a tear. From the drops of moisture on the gills. Fr. Monogi . i. p. 423. Hym. Eur. p. 293. Icon. t. 134. /i i. Berk. Out. p. 170. B. Sf Br. n. 1254*. C. Hbk. n. 407 partly. S. Mycol. Scot n. 384. Hoffm. Ic. t. 15. /f3 (small). 717. A. pyrotrichus Holmsk. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, Jieiy-tawny, slightly fleshy, at first hemispherical, obtuse, then expanded, densely clothed witJi somewJiat adpressed tawny fibrils, which are here and there fasciculate in the form of scales ; flesh tawny. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, hollow.) fibrous-soft, equal or not perceptibly thickened at the base, fibrillose, commonly slightly squarrose with small scales, becoming tawny. Cortina tawny. Gills adnate, somewhat crowded, broad, at first pallid, the flocculose edge white, tJie7i becoming brown, and at length free. PRATELLI. 321 The colour is persistently tawny or fiery -tawny. Casspitose, slightly firm, Hypholoma. very striking. About roots of trees, beech, &c. King's Lynn. Glamis. Aug.- Oct. Spores pip-shaped, 8x5 mk. C.B.P. ; 14-19 mk. M.J.B. Name— ^rvp, fire ; 0pi|, hair. From the fiery-coloured fibrils. Holmsk. Ot. ii. t. 35. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 424. Hym. Eur. p. 293. S. Mycol. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1885, p. 25. A. lachrymabundus Bull. t. S'zc^. /. 3. Krovibh. t. 42. f. 12-16. 718. A. velutinus Pers. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, lurid when fresh, becoming tawny when half dry, clay-isabelline when dry, hygropha7ious, slightly fleshy, campanulate then expanded, at length obtusely umbonate, Jiot scaly, but when young wholly adpressedly tomentose with fibrils, at length becoming smooth and even ; flesh very thin, of the same colour, fragile. Stem when large 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in.) and more thick, when smaller 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, hol- low, t(\\i3\, /ibrilloso-silky, tomentose from the summit to the veil, dingy-clay-colonr. Veil adhering chiefly to the margin of the pileus, woolly, at first white, then becoming black. Gills adfixed, but easily separating (almost free), broad (when larger 8-10 mm., 4-5 lin. broad), not much crowded, at first i7iclining to fuscous, with the edge white, then date-brown-fuscous, dotted-black. Stature various, often very large. Somewhat casspitose, somewhat fragile. On old stumps. Common. July-Oct. Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — vellus, fleece. Velvety. Pers. Syu. p. 409. Fr. Motiogr. i. /. 424. Hyi??. Eur. p. 293. Berk. Out. p. 170. t. 11. f. 2. C. Hbk. n. 408, partly. S. Mycol. Scot. 12. 385. Seer. n. 399. Inzeng. t. 7. /. 2. A. lachrymabundus Sow. t. 41. Abnormal variations Schccff. t. 34. Patil. t. 55./. I. Var. leiocephalus B. & Br. — Pileus hygrophanous, rugged, smooth except at the margin, where it is fibrillose, pallid as is the stem, whose apex is farinose. Densely caespitose ; much smaller than tlie common form, but apparently a mere variety, though a very striking one from its smooth but very rugged disc. On old stumps. Sept. Name — AeZo?, smooth ; Ki^a.\r\, head. From its smooth pileus. B. hf Br. n. 1009*. •X-X-X-* Flocculosi. Scales fioccose, superficial , separating. 719. A. cascus Fr. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (1X-3 in.) broad, livid- grey, tan-whitish when dry, somewhat fleshy, oval then expanded, obtuse, smooth, when dry soft and slightly wrinkled, persistently even on the disc. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2- 3 lin.) thick, hollow, ^^{mX, fibrillose, white, delicately white-pul- VOL. I. X 322 AGARICUS. Hyphoioma. verulcnt at the apex. Veil appendiculate at the margin of the pileus, squamulose, white. Gills rounded-adnexed, ventricose, as much as 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, arid, fragile, ^r^'j/ then black-fiiscons, edge whitish. When young there are commonly superficial, ivhite, easily separati?ig scales Oft the pileus. Larger than A. Cajidolleanus, &.C., gregarious, not csespitose, very fragile. In mountain wood. Rannoch. Name — cascus, old, primitive. With the appearance of age. Fr. Mo?iogr. i. p. 426. Hym. Eur. p. 2.1^2,. B. &' Br. ?z. 1537. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 386. ***** Appendiculati. Pileus smooth, hygropha7ioiis. 720. A. lanaripes Cke. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. (iX-3 in.) broad, pallid, disc often tawny or brownish, rather fleshy, margin thin, campanulate then expanded, hygrophanous, squamose with super- ficial scales from the breaking up of the cuticle ; veil attached in fugacious patches. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, white, hollow, fragile, somewhat fibrillose, tomentose at the base. Gills reach- ing the stem, crowded, whitish then purplish-brown. Somewhat casspitose. The margin of the pileus is purplish with a shade of pink derived from the dark gills beneath, the whole plant becoming dark brown on decay. The stem has white radiatmg hairs at the base. The gills are not ventricose. On soil in conservatories. Rare. July. Name — lana, wool ; pes, a foot. Woolly-stemmed. Cooke in Seem. JoMrn. 1866, p, 63. t. 3. /. 2. Hbk. 71. 410. t. 1. f. 3. »?. Mycol. Scot. n. 387. Fr. Hyyn. Eur. p. 295. 721. A. Candolleanus Fr. — Pileus 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) broad, date- brown then becoming white, vertex somewhat ochraceous, some- what fleshy, acorn-shaped then campanulate, soon convex and at length flattened, obtuse and unequal, smooth, even ; flesh thin, white. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, fistu- lose, solid at the base, somewhat thickened, fibrillose, white, striate at the apex. Veil in the form of a cortina, appendiculate, white, at length becoming fuscous. Gills rounded-adnexed, then separ- ating, crowded, violaceous then fuscous-cinnamon, the edge at the first whitish. Readily distinguished from neighbouring species by the gills being at first beautifully dark violaceous, never flesh-coloured. Densely caespitose, fragile, very hygrophanous. On stumps and on the ground. Frequent. Aug.-Oct. Pileus splitting at the margin and finally recurved, W.G.S. Name — after PRATELLI. 323 De Candolle. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 426. Hym. Eur. p. 295. Berk. Out. p. 170. Hypholoma. C. Hbk. n. 409. S. Mycol. Scot. ?t. 388. Saund. 6^ Sin. t. 34, lower fig. Fl. Da?i. t. 774. 722. A. appendiculatus Bull. — Pileus 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) broad, date-brown then tawny, becoming ochrey-pale when dry, fleshy- membranaceous, thin, ovate then expanded, at length flattened, obtuse, smooth, when dry slightly wrinkled, somewhat sprinkled with atoms. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, \w]\\it, pruzjiate at the apex. Veil fring- ing the margin of the pileus, fugacious, white. Gills somewhat adnate, crowded, arid.^ white then flesh-coloured, at length fuscous. Densely casspitose, very fragile and hygrophanous. Much thinner and more fragile than A. Candolleaims. It may be safely distinguished from species which are nearest to it by iho. gills being whitish then fuscous-flesh-colour. On old stumps. Common. June-Oct. Var. lanatus. A curious form, densely woolly when young, traces of the woolly coat remaining at the apex when the pileus is fully expanded. Sibber- toft. B. 5f Br. n. 1876. Spores ellipsoid, pellucid, 6-8 x 3-4 mk. K. ; 4x6 mk. W.G.S. Name — (7//f«^2c:/(;/(/, a small appendage. From the fragments of the veil hanging on the edge of the pileus. Bull. t. 392. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 427. Hym. Eur. p. 296. Berk. Out. p. 170, t. 11./. 3, 4. C. Hbk. ;?. 411. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 389. Sow. t. 324. 723. A. leucotephrus B. & Br.— Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, at the first pallid, somewhat campanulate, wrinkled, then convexo- expanded, whitish. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, -f^ in. thick, fis- tulose, silky-fibrillose downwards, striate or sulcato-striate at the apex. Ring large, here and there appendiculate. Gills slightly adnate, narrow, 3 mm. (i^ li^i-) broad, at the first cinereous- whitish, then grey turning black. Caespitose. Clearly different from A. Candolleamis and A. appendiculatus Fr. The pileus is not of a rich brown when young, nor are the gills when old at all brown. At base of ash-trees. North Kilworth, 1870. Oct. Spores very dark brown-purple, 7x4 mk. B. 6^ Br. Name — Aev^o?, white ; Te<^p6?, ash-coloured. Cinereous-white. B. b' Br. n. 1256. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 296. 724. A. egenulus B. & Br. — Pileus 4 cent. (i>< in.) broad, watery white, snow-white when dry, hemispherical, expanded, umbonate, but not decidedly rugose or atomate, quite smooth, even, except towards the ^(^z^, margin finely striate, appendicu- late. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. {lyi lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards or nearly equal, minutely adpressedly-scaly. Gills adnate, with a tooth, slightly ventricose, moderately distant, purplish umber with a white edge. 324 AGARICUS. Hypholoma. The pileus is quite smooth as if delicately gummed. Spores brown-purple. Solitary. Has exactly the habit of Schceff. t. 205 [A. ceniuus). The nearest ally is appoidiculatus. On the ground among grass. Apethorpe. May. Name — egemclus, poor. Of appearance. B. e^ Br. n. 915. C. Hbk. 11. 412. Illust. PI. 605. A. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 296. 725. A. pilulseformis Bull. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, fuscous when moist, dingy ochraceous when dry, somewhat membranaceous, globose tlieii ex'Pajided., obtuse, even, smooth. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, flexu- ous, smooth, white, naked at the apex. Cortina manifest, woven, in the form of a ring when young. Gills adnexed, easily separat- mg, thin, narrow, linear, arid, white then cinereous, at length becomirig fuscous. It is as it were a very small form of A. appendicidatus, but it differs essen- tially in the gills never turning Jlesh-coloi/r. Its mode of growth is almost that of ^. disseminatus, very crowded and fragile. On mossy trunks. Rare. Berkeley is inclined to consider this the young state of A. hydrophilus Bull, t. 511. Name — pilula, a little ball ; y^rwi?, form. From its shape. Bull. t. 112. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 428. Hym. Eur. p. 296. B. 6^ Br. n. 195 1. Psilocybe. Subgenus XXXII. PSILOCYBE {^^ix6s, naked ; /cf^/Sr?, head). Fr. Syst. Myc. i. p. 289. No manifest veil, at least not a woven one. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, rigid or tough, tubular, the tube hol- low or stuffed, often rooting. Pileus more or less fleshy, smooth, the margin at first incurved. Gills be- coming fuscous or purple. Fr. Hym. Eicr.p. 297. Psilocybe corresponds with Colly- bia, Leptonia, and Naucoria. Nearly all the species grow on the ground, and are gregarious, here and there casspitose. Inodorous. None are edible. I. Tenaces (te?iax, tough). Veil not es- sential, rarely conspicuous. Stem thick- skinned, flexile, most frequently coloured. Pileus with a pellicle, most frequently slight- ly viscid in wet weather, becoming somewhat pale. Colour of pileus bright. XXXII f. Agariciis {Fsilocyiic) s/a diceus. One-third natural size. PRATELLI. 325 * Gills vetitricose, not dec2irrent. Psilocybe. ** Gills plane, very broad behind, somewhat decurrent. Deconica Worth. Smith. *** Gills somewhat linear, asceiiding. II. Rigidi [rigidus, stiff). No veil. Stem rigid. Pileus scarcely with a pellicle, but the flesh most frequently scissile, hygrophanous. Gills adnexed, very rarely adnate. Differi7igfrom Psaliotae and Hypholomata, to which they are very similar, in havifig no partial veil at the first. I. — Tenaces. Veil not essential, &c. * Gills ve?itrtcose, not deatrrent. 726. A. ericaeus Pers.— Pileus 2.5-4 cent, (i- iX in.) and more broad, taivny-ferriigiiioiis when wetted, tawny-yellow when dry, fleshy but thin, convex then expanded, scarcely umbonate, even, smooth, commonly dry and shining, but somewhat viscous when wetted. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistiilose, tough, equal, somewhat smooth, but varying slightly silky, beroining light yellow, white-villous at the base. Gills adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad, plane, somewhat distant, pallid then blackish, pruinose (becoming olive when the pruina disap- pears) edge whitish. Gregarious, tough, various in stature. There is a smaller variety with the pileus date brown. In woods and pastures. Rare. July-Oct. Name — erica, heath. Frequenting heathy ground. Pers. Syn. p. 413. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 430. Hym. Eur. p. 298. Icon. t. 136./". i. B. ^ Br. n. 149. C. Hbk. 71. 416. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 390. A. clivulorum Letell. t. 676. 727. A. udus Pers.— Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (>^-i in.) broad, brick- tawny, becoming pale, slightly fleshy, convex then flattened, more or less evidently umbonate, smooth, even or when old slightly wrinkled. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or a little more thick, Jistulosc, equal, Jibrillose, tawjiy-ferruginous, paler at the apex. Gills adfixed, ventricose, very broad, lax, plane or convex, pallid then bccoiniiig fuscous-purple. Not hygrophanous. Scattered, tough when young, slender. Very decep- tive on account of the colour of the gills when sterile. Among Sphagna there is a var. with the pileus somewhat membranaceous, acutely conical, tawny, and the gills pallid because sterile. In swampy places among ^///^^/Zi^, Epping Forest, 1S80. Nov. Name— «a?«j, moist. Pers. Syn. p. a^\:\^. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. -zc^B. Grcvillca, vol. ix. /. 93. 728. A. areolatus Klutsch. — Pileus 4-7.5 cent. {i)4-3 in.) 326 AGARICUS. Psilocybe. broad, ochraceous or fuscous, somewhat fleshy, convex, clothed with minute fibrils, cuticle cracking into nearly equal square patches. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, generally thickened at the base, fibrillose, dirty white. Gills adnate, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, umber at length black, the edge white and beaded with drops of moisture. In gardens. Glasgow Botanic Garden. Faldonside. May- Oct. According to Klotsch there is a fugacious fibrous and membranaceous veil. Name — areola, a small patch. B>om the cuticle cracking into little squares. Klotsch — Berk. E/ig. Fl. v. p. 112. Out. p. 172. C. Hbk. 11. 414. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 391. Fr. Hyiii. Eur. p. 298. 729. A. agrarius Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) rarely 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, at first white and without lustre, by no means becoming pale but becoming cinereous in drying, not hygrophanoiis, slightly firm but slightly fleshy, convex, at length flattened, and then often umbonate, even, smooth ; flesh firm, white, but not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick. Stem 4-5 cent. (1^-2 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, white. No veil conspicuous. Gills obtusely adnate, crowded when young, somewhat distant when the pileus is flattened, linear, white, at length fuscous. Care must be taken not to suppose it belongs to Leucospori on account of the white gills. About roots of decayed trees, &c. North Kilworth, 1870, &c. Sept.-Oct. In colour the pileus somewhat resembles Hygrophorus ovimis, B. 6r Br. Name — ager, a field. Fr. Alonogr. ii. p. 304. Hym. Eur. p. 299. Icon. t. ^37' /• I- B- ^ Br. 71. i2^j, S. Mycol. Scot. n. 392. 730. A. chondrodermus B. & Br. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, dark date-brown, fleshy, campanulate, very smooth with exception of the appendiculate margin, even, cracked here and there in different directions. Veil woven and jagged. Stem 5 mm. {2%. lin.) thick above, 6 mm, (3 lin.) at the base, fistulose, somewhat equal, paler than the pileus, fibrillose, squamulose at the base. Gills adfixed, separating, ventricose, margin white. Spores 6 mk. long, half as much wide, purple-black, almost oblong. The pileus stains paper yellow. In Scotch fir wood. Glamis, 1875. Sept. It has occurred in different places in 1875 and 1877. Name— xovfipo?, car- tilage ; Sepjaa, skin. Parchmcnt-skinned. B. &f Br. n. 1538. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 393. C. I II u St. PI. 606. A. PRATELLI. 327 ** Gills platie, very broad beJimd, somewhat deciirrent. Psilocybe. 731. A. ammophilus Dur. & Mont. — Pileus somewhat fleshy, hemispherical then umbo-form. Stem at length soft, hollow, buried half-way up in the sand, base clavate. Gills somewhat de- current with a tooth, smoky, black-pulverulent with the spores. The affinity of this species is uncertain, but it is remarkable for the base of the stem being buried and clavate. On sandy ground on the sea-shore. St Andrews, 1874. Sept. Spores 12x8 mk. B. 6y Br. Name— a;ajao9, sand; <^tAo?, loving. ExpL sclent. Alg. t. 31. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 299. B. 6^ Br. n. 1661. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 393. C. Illust. PI. 606. B. 732. A. coprophilus Bull.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, riifes- ce7it-tan, slightly fleshy, hemispherical then expanded, umbonate, even, smooth, scarcely viscous. Stem short, 2.5 cent, (i in.), somewhat fistulose, at first containing a pith, shaggy-fiocciilose, then elongated and becoming smooth, shining, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, attenuated upwards 2Si^ pruinate at the apex. Veil scarcely conspicuous. Gills so7newhat arcuato-decurrent, broad, crowded, livid then fuscous. On dung. Rare. Autumn. Pileus at first white and downy, clothed with little superficial scales, brown, at length smooth and umber, M.J.B. Name — (cdn-po?, dung; ]j, half; lancea, a spear. Nearly spear-shaped. Fr. Mo?iogr. \. p. 433, Hytii. Etir. p. 301. Berk. Out. p. 172. C. Hbk. n. 417. S. Mycol. Scot. ?/. 399. Sow. t. 440./". 1-3. II. — RiGiDi. Veil none. Stem rigid, &c. 739. A. spadiceus Fr. — Pileus 7-5-io cent. (3-4 in.) broad, date-brow?t-i(}nber, becoming pale when dry, fleshy, convex then plane, obtuse, even, smooth, moist (not viscid) in rainy weather, often broken up in cracks when dry ; margin inflexed when young. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) thick, firm, somewhat cartilaginous, hollow, equal, often curved, 330 AGARICUS. Psilocybe. smooth, whitish, not striate at the apex. Gills romided-adnexed, crowded, arid, whitish, then flesh-colour, at length umber. It is most certainly different from A. appendic?datus, which is of the same colour, in the pileiis and stefn beifjg rigid, and in being absolutely destitute of a veil. It departs from all others in this section in the gills h^vagwhitish then flesh-colour, then fuscous. Forming large lax clusters. On stumps, the ground, &c. Common. July-Nov. Spores eUipsoid, 8-9x4-5 mk. K. ; 8x6 mk. W.G.S. Nsme—spadix, a palm-branch. Date-brown. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 435. Hym. Eur. p. 302. Berk. Out. p. 171. C. Hbk. n. 418. Illust. PL 610. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 400. Schceff' t- 60./. 4-6. '^ A. hygrophilus, larger. — Pileus fuscous then tan, bullate. Stem 10-15 cent. (4-6 in.) long, somewhat fusiform-rooted. Gills emarginate., deeply decurrent iii the form of lifies, at length fus- cous-umber. On stumps. Oct. Glamis, 1874. Name — vypoi/, moisture ; <^iA.o?, loving. Fr. Hytn. Eur. p. 302. Monogr. \. p. 435. B. 6^ Br. n. 1771. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 400. 740. A. cernuus Fl. Dan. — Pileus 2.5-6 cent. (i-2>^ in.) broad, livid inclining to pale when vioist, white when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, fragile, campanulate then flattened, obtuse, smooth (or atomate under a lens), slightly wrinkled when dry. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) and more long, about 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, Jistulose, equal, round, rigid-fragile, smooth, shini7ig white, slight- ly mealy at the apex. Gills adnate, at first linear, then ventricose, scarcely crowded, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) broad, at first white then cin- ereous-blackish . Pileus slightly pellucid-striate. Stem is sofnetimes curved, hence the pileus is nodding. The spores do not change to ferruginous. Solitary or gregarious, scarcely caespitose. On dead wood, chips, &c. Uncommon. Aug.-Dec. Spores 6x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — cernuo, to fall head-foremost. From the nodding pileus. Fl. Da?i. t. 1005. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 436. Hym. Eur. p. 302. Berk. Out. p. 171. C. Hbk. ?i. 419. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 401. Schceff. t. 205. Fault, no./". 3. 741. A. hebes Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, lurid when moist, pale when dry, hygrophanous, slightly fleshy, convex then expanded, obtuse, even, smooth, slightly viscid and slightly striate at the margin when moist, becoming even when dry. Stem 4-5 cent. (i/^-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, cartilaginous, rigid, fistulose, equal, even, smooth, naked, becoming pale white. Gills very broad behind, triafigiilar, wholly adnate, crowded, arid, white then becoming fuscous. PRATELLI. 331 It is best distinguished by the form of the gills. Commonly solitary, slight- Psilocybe. ly rigid. Veil none. On grass among leaves near chestnut. Hothorpe, 1881. Nov. Pileus at first obtuse, but in drying it becomes spuriously and minutely um- bonate. Spores black purple, 18 mk. B. or' Br. Name — hebes, blunt. Ob- tuse. Fr. Mofiogr. i. /. 437. Hy)n. Eiir. p. 303. Icon. t. 137. /. 3 minor. B. &= Br. 71. 1952. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 28. /. 5, a little larger. C. Illust. PL 589. B. 742. A. fcenisecii Pers. — Pileus hro^d, pale fuHorinons fuscotts or browjt, becoming pale, fleshy chiefly at the disc, campanulato- convex, obtuse, dry, smooth, slightly wrinkled in very dry weath- er. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fis- tulose, tense and straight, rigid-fragile, equal, naked, riifesceiit, at the first paler and white-pulverulent, somewhat pubescent. Gills adnate but ventricose in front, hence they appear broadly ejuar- gi7tate, somewhat distant, not thin, inclining to fuscous, livid- fuscous at the sides, at length umber. When half dry the disc of the pileus becomes pale. Veil none. In its whole nature it is widely removed from other species in this section ; its habit is quite that of Pajiceolus, but the gills are not variegated and the spores are umber. Pastures, roadsides, &c. Common. April- Sept. Gregarious. Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, banded with various tints when losing its moisture. Attention must be paid to the colour of the spores, or it will be sought for amongst the PancEoli, M.J.B. Spores 11x7 mk. IV.G.S. ^dixnG.— fee /lis icia, hay-harvest. From its occurring among meadow- grass, and from the season when first gathered. Pers. Ic. descr. t. ii.f.i. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 437. Hym. Eur. p. 303. Berk. E?7g. Fl. v, p. 112. Out. p. 171, t. 11. f. 5. Hussey i. t. 39. C. Hbk. n. 421. Illust. PI. 590. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 402. Buxb. C. 4. t. 38. f. 1. 743. A. clivensis B. & Br.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, at first pallid brown, then pallid ochre inclining to white, somewhat hemispherical, even, sprinkled with shining particles; margin striated, not straight. Stem 4 cent, (i^ in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, nearly equal, except at the very base where it is slightly clavate, somewhat silky. Gills broad, adnate, widely emarginate, ventricose in front, rather distant, umber, margin white. Spores umber. Intermediate between A. hebes and A./cc/iisecii, with the habit of the former. On the ground. King's Cliffe, i860. Oct. Name — clivus, a slope, hill-side. B. 6^ Br. n. 916. /. 14. /. 3. C. Hbk. 11. 420. Fr. Hyt7i. Eur. p. 303. 332 AGARICUS. p>iiocybe. 744. A. scobicola B. &. Br. — Pileus white, convex, umbilicate, smooth. Stem fistulose, somewhat equal or dilated at the apex, fibrillose. Gills adnexed, broad. On pine sawdust. Glamis, 1877. Nov. Name — scobis, sawdust ; colo, to inhabit. B. ^ Scot. ?i. 403. C. Illiist. PL 607. Br. n. 1769. S. Mycol. Psathyra. Subge7ins XXXIII. PSATHYRA (i^a0J5pJr, friable). Veil none or onlv universal, and floccoso-fibrillose. Stem somewhat cartilaginous, fistulose with a tube, polished, fragile. Pileus conical or campanulate, 7nejnbrajiaceous, the margiji at the first straight and ad- pressed to the stem. Gills becoming purple or fuscous. Slender, fragile, hygrophanoiis. [The series of tough species does not exist among the Psathyrae ; the analogous farms will be found among the tough species of Psilocybe.] Sojne of the last spe- cies of Hypholoma and Psilocybe are very closely allied to them. The Coprinarii are readily distinguished by the gills being white or cinereous then black, not fuscous nor becoming purple. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 304. Psathyra corresponds with Mycena, Nola?iea, Galera, and Psathyrella. All the species grow on the ground or on trunks, I. Conopilei (kadix, bay brown ; griseus, grey. Schceff. t. 237. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 440. Hym. Eur. p. 306. Berk. 0?it. p. 173. C. Hbk. ti. 426. Illust. PI. 611. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 406. A. stipatus Fl. Dafi. t. 1673./. 2. 749. A. obtusatus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, date-brown-fuscous or umber-fiiscotts, paler at the margin, some- what membranaceous, conical when young, then convex, at length flattened, obtuse, even at the disc, striate at the margin ; flesh scarcely any, of the same colour. Stem 5-7-5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fragile, fistulose, round, equal, fibrilloso- silky, not pulverulent, whitish, eve?t at the apex. Veil none. Gills adftate, broad, distinct, somewhat distant, cinereoiis-fiiscous., then umber. Thin, rigid-fragile ; single or casspitose. In the colours and in the absence of a veil it approaches near to A. spadiceus, but is easily distinguished by its stature, by the nature of the stem, and by the gills never being flesh-colour. On the ground and on wood. Rare. Aug. Name — obtusus, blunt. Obtuse. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 441. Hym. Eur. p. 306. B. &= Br. 11. 918. C. Hbk. 7i. 427. Illnst. PL 593. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 407. SchcFff. t. 60. f. 1-3. — Var. minor: Vaill. Par. t. 12. f. 5, 6. III. — FiBRiLLOSi. Pileus and ste7n at the first floccose, &^c. 750. A. bifrons Berk. —Pileus 18 mm. {^4 in-) broad, ochra- ceous-brown, tinged with red, pale-tan when dry, somewhat mem- branaceous, campanulate, obtuse, slightly wrinkled ; margin thin, transparent. Stem 6 cent. {2)4. in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, filiform, thickest at the base, straight, very brittle, naked, but very minutely satiny, not pulverulent. Gills adnate, moderately broad, pinkish-cinereous, margin white, composed of minute wavy teeth. PRATELLI. 335 Spores brown-purple, Pileus clothed, when young, with a delicate evanes- Ps^thyra. cent veil. Among sticks. Rare. Aiig.-Sept. Name — bis, 2ind/rons, front. With two faces. From the different colours. Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 114, Oi{t. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 425. Illiist. PL 594. S. Mycol, Scot. 71. 408. Fr. Monogr. ii. /. 347. Hym, Eur. p. 307. Icon. f. 138. f. 2. Var. semitinctus Phill. C. Illtist. PL 594. 751. A. semivestitus B. & Br. — Pileus about 12 mm. {J/z in.) broad, dark brown becoming pale, ovate, obtuse, sprinkled with little snow-white fibrils more than half-way up, not striate. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. (i>< lin.) thick, fistulose, nearly straight, fibrilloso-silky, snow-white. Gills adnate, ascending, broad be- hind, umber-brown, tinged with the dark spores. The stem is rather strong, white with a pale under-tinge of brown, and the walls within are white with down. Allied to A. noli-ta?igere, but distinct in character from all the neighbouring species. Among grass in rich pasture. King's Cliffe, i860. Oct. Spores elongate pruniform, 14 mk, Q. Name — semi; vestio, to clothe. Half-clothed. From the fibrils on the pileus. B. 6^ Br. n. 920. t. i^^.f. 5. C. Hbk. 71. 432. Fr. Hy7n. Eur. p. 307. 752. A. fibrillosus Pers.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, livid or becoining white, somewhat membranaceous, cam- panulate then convex, then flattened, obtuse, striate with the translucent gills, commonly smooth, sometimes at the first squam- ulose. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, clothed throughottt with Jibrilloso- fasciculate, spreading, white squainules, white. Gills adnate, broader behind, 6-10 mm. (3-5 lin.) broad, at length plane, cinereous then becom- ing black-picrple. Spores black-purple. Assuming many forms ; always solitary. The typical form is ve7y fragile. On the ground in woods. Rare. l^^.me—fibra, a fibre. Covered with fibrils. Pers. p. 424 (fibrils becoming black, perhaps from the spores). Fr. Mo7iogr. i. p. 442. Hym. Eur. p. 308. Berk. Out. p. 173. C. Hbk. n. 428. C. lUust. PL 595. B. 753. A. Gordoni B. & Br.— Pileus 4 cent. {\yi in.) broad, at first pale cinereous, then white, membranaceous, campanulate, sulcato-striate, sprinkled with white floccose scales. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 3 mm. {lyi lin.) thick, fistulose, brittle, trans- versely undulated, white-pruinose above, floccose below, but becoming at length smooth and shining. Gills narrowly ad- 336 AGARICUS. Psathyra. nate, asccnding, distant, moderately broad, scarcely ventricose, cinereous. Densely csespitose. Smell faint, nauseous. When young the whole plant is covered over with copious white flocci. On old stumps. Orton Longueville, i860, &c. Oct. Name — after Marchioness of Huntly. B. om its being downy or cottony. Bull. t. 425./. 2 (large). Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. Monogr. i. p. 443. Berk. Out. p. 174. B. 6= Br. n. 1953. C. Hbk. ?i. 431. Ilhcst. PI. 612. A. Bolt. t. 71./. I. 757. A. noli-tangere Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, when moist, pallid umber in larger specimens, dark fuscous in smaller, becoming pale when dry, very hygrophanous, mem- branaceous, campanulate then expanded, obtuse, smooth with exception of separating squanmles, striate throughout, becoming even when dry. Stem about 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, somewhat naked, even at the apex. Gills adnate, broad, plane, sometimes pallid, somewhat dark fuscous. Gregarious, very fragile. Stem often curved, becoming fuscous, darker towards the base. A universal veil covering the young plant has not been observed in this species, only white, Jloccose squa mules routid the margin of the pileus. The larger form on oak-chips, the smaller on damp shady ground. Among moss, &c. Sibbertoft, 1881. Sept. Spores 13 mk., more elongated than \n A . gossypinus , B. cf Br. Name — touch-me-not. From its very fragile nature. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 443. Hym. Eur. p. 309. Icon. t. 138. /. 3. B. cf Br. 7t. 1954. C. Illust. PL 612. B. A. xylophilus Soiv. t. 167, but the white scales are awanting. 758. A. microrhizus Lasch. — Pileus ochraceous or rufous- brown, becoming pale, membranaceous, campanulate, even, dry, shining with atoms, at the first yellow-pilose. Stem short, thin, rooted, silky, whitish. Gills adnexed, crowded, narrow, pallid then becoming black-brown. Gregarious, fragile. At the first it is everywhere flocculose and somevvhat furnished with a cortina. The spores are fuscous or black according to the ground on which they are deposited. On the naked soil. Sibbertoft, 188 1. Sept. Varying in size from a few lines to i^ in., when it approaches the finer forms oi A. gossypinus, B. of Br. Name — ixLKpog, small; pt'^a, a root. With short root. Lasch n. 468. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. B. of Br. n. 1955. C. niust PI. 596. A. 759. A. urticsecola B. & Br.— Pileus 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, white, campanulate, flocculent; margin at length straight, striate. Stem short, fistulose, slender, attenuated upwards, flocculent, white. Gills ventricose in front, attenuated behind, adnexed, at first white, then of a rich chocolate. Stem springing inmiediately from the matrix. AlHcd to .1. painatus. On nettle-roots. King's Cliffe. Aug, VOL. I. Y 338 AGARICUS. Name — ta-tica, nettle ; colo, to inhabit. B. ^ Br. n. 919. Fr. Hym. Ejir. p. 309. C. Illust. PL 596. B. Series V. COPRINARII (/coTrpos, clung.) Spores black, hence the gills, which are all separate from each other, never become purple or fuscous. The genus Coprinus is Readily disti?7ginshed by the gills coliering at first (not separate) and by their becoinijig fiuid, &^c. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. 309. Intermediate between Agaricus ?iX\^ Copi'imis. Panseokis. Subge?iiis XXXIV. PAN^OLUS {-KavaioXos, all- Variegated). Veil woven, often awanting. Stem polished, slightly firm. Pileus slight- ly fieshy, without stricE, the margin exceediiig the gills. Gills ascending into the top of the cone, " papilion- aceous" that is variegated, when young here and there somewhat pale yellowish in dry weather. Commonly growing o?i dtmg. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 309. The species will usually be found in rich places, near villages, &c., in summer and late autumn. None are edible. XXXV. Agariciis {_Pnncrolns) sepa- ratics. One-fourth natural size. * Pileus, with a gelatinous - liquescent cuticle, viscous, shining whe7i dry. ** Pileus \{d amp) moist, opaque^ bibnlons, when dry somewhat Jlocculose. *** PileJis dry, sinooth, slightly shijiing, not zo?ied. **** Pileus dry, sinooth, zofied round the margin. * Pileus viscous, shifting whe?i dry. 760. A. separatus Linn.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, clay- whitish, slightly fleshy, ovato-campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth, viscojis. Stem as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, varying shorter, fistulose, tense and straight and rigid, slightly attenuated from the thickened base, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, whitish, even, striate under a lens, smooth, naked, black-pruinate above with the spores. Ring distant, entire, persistent, white. Gills adnate, but almost separating, ascending, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, cin- ereous-black. A. major, pileus ovato-campanulate. A. semiovatus Sow. t. 131. A. cili- "L COPRINARII. 339 aris Bolt. t. 53. B. minor, pileus campanulato - convex, yellowish ; stem Panaeolus. 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long. B21II. t. 84. On dung". Common. April-Dec. Pileus when dry shining as if oiled, and sometimes slightly wrinkled when old. Spores ellipsoid, 16-22 x 10-12 mk. A'. / i6xiimk. W.G.S. Name — separatus, distinct, separate. Not casspitose. Li7i7i. Sjiec. n. 1220. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 444. Hym. Eiir. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 174. t. ii. f. j. C. Hbk. 71. 437. ^\ Mycol. Scot. ;/. 410. Price f. 39. Fl. Bat. 820./. 2. 761. A. leucophanes B. & Br. — Pileus 18 mm. (34^ in.) broad, white, here and there somewhat ochraceous, campanulate, obtuse, viscid, shining when dry, innately silky, appendiculate at the margin. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, about 2 mm. (i lin.) thick in the centre, fistulose, attenuated upwards, white, fibrillose, sprin- kled with mealy particles, transversely somewhat undulated. Gills adnate, pallid grey-flesh-colour, then black, margin white. Allied to A. separatus. In grass fields. King's Cliffe. Aug. Spores somewhat cymbiform, 9 mk. B. cf Br. Name — XeuKos, white; (paivu, to appear. B, &■ Br. 71. 1127. t. 11. f. i. F7: Hy7?i. Eur. p. 310. 762. A. fimiputris Bull— Pileus 2.5 cent (i in.) broad, fulig- inous-cinereous or livid, slightly fleshy, conical then expanded, somewhat gibbous, even, smooth, viscid. Stem 5-10 cent. (2-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth, above the middle girt zvith an afinular zone, becoming pale. Gills ad fixed, livid-blackish. More slender and more fragile than A. separattis, with the ring incomplete, and the gills less ascending. There is also a variety, lower in stature, with the stem firmer, and the pileus more flattened and variable in colour. On dung. Common. April-Nov. Pileus generally beaded with the veil, M.J.B. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. N3.me—_^/uus, dung ; putris, rotten. Bull. t. 66. Fr. Ahniogr. i. p. 445. Hy/7i. Eur. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 174. t. 11. f. 6. C. Hbk. 71. 439. S, Mycol. Scot. 71. 411. Bolt. t. 57. Bait. t. 28. P. 763. A. plialsenarum Fr. — Pileus clay-white, slightly fleshy, campanulato-convex, obtuse, even, smooth, viscid, the appendicu- late veil fugacious. Stem equal, slightly firm, somewhat naked, pallid rufescent. Gills adnexed, broad, cinereous-black. It is exactly intermediate between A. separatus and A. papiHo7iaceus ; it differs from the former in having the steiii ringless, equal, rufescent, in the veilhemg appe77diculatc at the margin of the pileus, but fugacious so that commonly it seems to be awanting, and in the pileus being more convex ; and from the latter in the veil, the viscous pileus, and the clay-white colour. 340 AGARICUS. Panseoius. On clung. Apetliorpe. Sept. Name — (f)d\\aiva, a moth. Moth Agaric. From its likeness to A. papilioti- aceiis. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 310. Motiogr. i. p. 445. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 440. — Bull. t. 58. Paul. t. 121./. i. ** Pileiis moist, when dry somewhat flocciilose. 764. A. retirugis Fr.— Pileus flesh-tan-colour, slightly fleshy, globose then hemispherical, somewhat umbonate, reticulated with raised ribs., atomate, opaque, appendiculate with the torn veil. Stem equal, pruinose, flesh-colour becoming purple. Gills ad- fixed, ascending, cinereous-blackish. It has entirely the appearance oi A. corrugis. On dung. Uncommon. Aug.-Nov. Spores elliptical, shortly fusiform, 20 mk. Q.; i6xiimk.- W.G.S. Name — rete, a net ; ruga, a wrinkle. With network of wrinkles. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 310. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 441. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 412. A. car- bonarius Batsch f. 91. 765. A. sphinctrinus Fr.— Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, fulig- inous or fuliginous-grey when moist, livid when dry.^ hygrophan- ous, slightly fleshy, parabolic then campanulate, never expanded, obtuse, never viscous, always opaque, but moist in rainy weather, somezu hat silky when dry. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, equal, fragile, smooth, fuliginous-grey, even at the apex, pruinose. Veil appendiculate round the margin of the pileus, fugacious, white. Gills adnate, ascending, crowded, cinereous-blackish, the edge of the same colour. Sometimes and when in fullest vigour, the pileus is covered with fibrils, chiefly round the margin. There is a very ^w^;// variety with the stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, and linear gills. Buxb. C. v. t. 48./. 2. On dung. Glamis, 1876. Oct. Name — cr^i-^KTr\^, a band, a muscle which remains naturally in a state of con- traction. From its never becoming expanded. Fr. Aloncgr. i. p. 445. Hym. Eur. p. 311. B. 6^ Br. n. 1662. S. Mycol. Scot. ti. 413. Quel. t. 8. /. 5 (slender form). — Batt. t. 27. L. ■K-jf-x- pilxus dry, smooth, slightly shining, not zoned. 766. A. campanulatus Linn. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. i^Yz-i in.) high and hY02i6.,fuscous-fuligi7Wus, rufescent when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate at length convex, often umbonate, continuous (not cracked), dry, even, so mezvhat shining. Stem commonly 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2-4 mm. (1-2 lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, COPRINARII. 341 even, smooth, fufescent, striate and at first pruinose at the apex, Pan^olu?. then black-pulveruleiit with the shed spores. Gills adnate, as- cending-, crowded, varying grey and black. Veil very fugacious and often awanting. The edge of the gills commonly whitish. There is a very small variety. The stem in both forms is often sprinkled with small watery drops in rainy weather. On dung and rich ground. Common. June-Nov. Spores subellipsoid, 16-18 x 10-13 mk. K. Name — campanula, a little bell. Bell-shaped. Liim. Siiec. 2. n. 1213. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 446. Hyin. Enr. p. 311. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 442. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 414. — Bull. t. 561./; 2. L. Buxb. C. iv. t. 13. — Major Fl. Dan. t. 1959. — Minor Batsch /. 6. 767. A. papilionaceus Fr. — Pileus pallid, slightly fleshy, hemispherical, smooth, rimoso-scaly when dry. Stem equal, even, whitish, white-pulverulent at the apex. Gills broadly adftate, very broad, at length plane, blackish. It is certainly distinct from A. campa7tulatus, to which it is very much allied, in the following ; stature in general smaller and firmer, stem even and ivhitish, eve?i and white-pulveridcnt at the apex ; pilciis hemispherical (not campanulate), almost that of A. semiglohatus, commonly rimoso-scaly when dry, dry, pallid ; gills broadly adnate, 6-8 mm. (3-4 lin.) broad (often broader than long), plane. In a very small form the stem is 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, but the pileus is equally broad, in which it differs from the very small form of ^. campa?tulatus. On dung, &c. Common. July-Nov. Name — pa pilio, a. hniiex^y. Variegated. Fr. Hyni. Eur. p. o^ii. Monogr. i. p. 446. Berk. Out. p. 175. C. Hbk. n. 443. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 415. Bull, t. 561./. 2, N.M. 768. A. caliginosus J ungh.— Pileus brown, slightly fleshy, campanulate, obtuse, even, smooth. Stem equal, even, naked, of the same colour as the pileus. Gills slightly adnexed, ascending, lanceolate, fuliginous-black. Small, slender. A very thin veil has been observed. In rich pasture. Glamis, 1874. Oct. Name — caligo, gloom., darkness. Dusky in colour. Jungh. iti Li?ifi. v. 5, t. b.f. 13. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 312. B. ^ Br. n. 1540. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 416. **** Pileus dry, smooth, zo?ted round the margin. 769. A. subbalteatus B. «& Br.— Pileus 4-5 cent. (1X-2 in.) broad, dull deep fawn-colour, pallid when dry, hygrophanous, rather fleshy, convex, with the margin slightly incurved, then expanded, obtuse or slightly umbonate, irregular, slightly ■wrinkled, marked near the margin with a dark narrow zone. 342 ^ AGARICUS. Panaeolus. Veil none. Stem 5-6 cent. (2-2X in.) high, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, red-brown, fistulose, brittle, stringy, splitting longitudinally, marked with short white fibrils. Gills adnate, slightly ventricose, brownish, margin white, slightly toothed. Spores black. Cnespitose. Closely allied to A. ciuctulus Bolt., but diftering in habit and in many essential characters. In a tare-field, Apethorpe, i860. Sept. Fries omits A. ciuctulus Bolt, as he suspects the figure is incorrect. Name — sub, and balteus, a band or border. Somewhat banded. From the zone near the margin. B. b' Br. n. 923. C. Hbk. n. 445. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 312. 770. A. acuminatus Fr.— Pileus flesh -tan - colour, slightly fleshy, conical, sharp-pointed, even, smooth, shining, zoned with a blackish li?ie round tJic niargifi. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, thin, equal, pruijwse, thickened at the base, of two colours, pallid above, fuscous downwards. Gills adnexed, ventricose, crowded, blackish. Very much allied to A. papiUonacejis, &c., but easily distinguished by the colour and shape of the pileus, &c. Pileus " tawny- violaceous " : Seer. The margin of the pileus is at first crenulate. On dung. Sibbertoft, 1870. Oct. Name — acuminatus, sharp-pointed. From the pileus. Fr. Hym. Eiir. p. 312. Monogr. i. /. 447. B. er= Br. u. 1258. Batt. t. 22. F. Sc/icrff. t. 202 differs in the long and dark stem, but the traces of a line are present. 771. A. fimicola Fr. — Pileus fuligi7wus-grey when moist, be- coming clay-hoary when dry, slightly fleshy, campanulate then convex, obtnse, even, smooth, opaque, marked round the viaj-gin with a narrow fuscous zone, and inside this with a white one ; flesh thin, grey-white. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, soft fragile, equal, becoming dingy pale, obsoletely slightly silky-striate, white-pruinose at the apex. Gills adnate, slightly rounded, somevv^hat ventricose, broad (almost semi-ovate), variegated grey and fuliginous. On dung, rich pasture, &c. Rare. Oct. Name —fimus, dung ; colo, to inhabit. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 447. Hym. Eur. p. 312. Berk. Out. p. 175. B. df Br. u. 1259 (a stouter form). C. Hbfz. n. 446. Buxb. C. iv. t. 28./; 4. — B more slender, A. varius Bolt. i. 66. f. i. Psathyreiia. Subgcuus XXXV. PSATHYKELLA {y\io.evp6s, fragile). Veil not woven, scarcely conspicuous. Pileus membranaceous, striate, margin not exceeding the gills. Gills equally black-fuliginous. COPRINARII. 343 not variegated, and not becoming fuscous or purple. /;/ appear- Psathyiella. ance wholly like Psathyra. Spores black on a white ground, but in one or two species slightly fuscous when deposited on a black ground. Fr. Hy7ii. Eur. p. 313. The straight margin oT the pileus is adpressed to the stem. Thinner than Psathyra. * Stem tense and straight, smooth, ** Stemflcxuons, pruinate at the apex. ii) XXXVI. Agaricns (Psathyrella) disseniinatus. One-half natural size. * Stem tense and straight, sniootJi. 11% A. subatratus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, and when ex- panded 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, tiniber- 7'ufeseent, pallid-rafescent when dry, membranaceous, campanulate, ob- tuse, smooth, even, slightly striate round the margin. Stem 10-12. 5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) and more thick, fistulose, tense and straight, equal, even, smooth, not pruinate, beconmtg pale- white. Gills adnexed in the top of the cone, adnate when the pileus is more expanded, linear, scarcely beyond 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, crowded, fuliginous-blackish, almost umber, edge of the same colour. Spores shining black. Gregarious, fragile. The above is the typical form. In an intermediate form the stem is shorter, 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) ; in a smaller form the stem is only 2.5 cent, (i in.), the pileus somewhat umbonate, fuligin- ous when moist, somewhat olivaceous, the gills ventricose, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad. On rich ground. Batheaston, 1869. Sept. Spores pruniform, 12-15 ^''^k. Q. Name — sub, and ater, dead black. Black- ish. Fr. Monogr. ii. p. 305. Hym. Eur. p. 313. B. of Br. n. 1260. ■ 773. A. gracilis Fr. — Pileus i 2.5 cent. (K-i in.) broad, /////>- ittous, livid, &c., when dry tan, rosy or whitish, hygrophanous, membranaceous, cainpamtlate, obtuse, smooth, eveii, slightly and pellucidly-striate only round the margin. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, remarkably tense and straight, equal, naked, smooth, whitish, 7iot rooted, white-villous at the base. Gills wholly adnate, commonly broader behind (rarely linear), almost distant, distinct, at first whitish, then cinereous-blackish with the black spores, edge rose-coloured. 344 AGARICUS. Psathyrella. When dry the pileus is soft to the touch. Gregarious, fragile. Very similar to A. corrugis, and there is a variety corrugated. Waysides, hedgerows, &c. Common. July-Oct. Spores ellipsoid, 13-14 x 7-8 mk. K. ; 5 x 12 mk. W.G.S. Name — gracilis, slender. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 448. Hym. Eur. p. 313. Berk. OjU. p. 176. C. Hbk. n. 447. S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 417. SaH?id. &f Sin. t. 37./". i, 2. 774. A. hiascens Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, livid then becoviing yellow, membranaceous, conico - campcDiiilate, obtuse, smooth, sooji split and opening in furrows (commonly to the middle), the divided margin at length revolute. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, tense and straight, rigid-fragile, naked, smooth, whitish. Gills adnate, narrow, linear ox somewhat attenuated in front, distinct, distant, whitish then shining black, at length very dead black. Spores dead black. In the pileus opening into furrows it has quite the habit of some of the thinner Copri/ii, but the gills are arid, persistent, not becoming liuid. In grassy places and hedges. Rare. Name — hiasco, to split, gape. Opening in furrows. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 448. Hym. Eur. p. 314. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. n. 448. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 418. Bull. t. 552./. 2. F. G. 775. A. aratus Berk. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) high, f in. across, bright brown, membranaceous, campanulato-conic, rather acute, deeply sulcate ; flesh of the disc of the same colour as the pileus. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, fistulose, thickened at the base, smooth, white. Gills quite free, lanceolate, purplish black. AlHed \.o\A. hydrophorus Bull., but clearly distinct. Under hedges. Woodnewton. Name — aro, to plough. Furrowed, sulcate. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. n. 449. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 314. 776. A. trepidus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) and more broad, date brown at the disc, otherwise fuliginous, membranaceous, very fragile, campanulate, obtuse, smooth, eve7t at the disc, otherwise slightly but densely striate. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, toise and stt-aight (rarely flexuous), quite smooth and naked, diaphanous, hyaline. Gills adnate, crowded, ventricose, very \h\\\, fuligi7tous-shini?ig black. Spores dead black. On moist ground. Hothorpe. Spores pruniform, 12 mk. Q. Name — trepidus, trembling. From its very fragile nature. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 449. Hym. Eur. p. 314. Icon. i. 139./. 2. B. er" Br. n. 1956. Fers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 29./. i. COPRINARIT. 345 ■^^ Stemflexuous, prumate at the apex. Psathyrella. 777. A. caudatus Fr. — Pileus as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) broad when flattened, date brown, membranaceous, very tender, conical then campamilate, at length flattened, smooth, the sojnewhat gib- bous disc even, otherwise pellucid-striate, not corrugated. Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) and more long, almost 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fis- tulose, attenuatedyr^w tlie thickeiied and rooting base, very fragile, curved, at length tortuous, undulated on the surface, white prui- nate at the apex, becoming pale-white. Veil none. Gills adnate, 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, distinct, cinereous-black, edge of the same colour. In wet weather the pileus is spht and somewhat dehquescent ; when dry, however, it is tirmer, tan obsoletely turning to flesh-colour. The spores are dead black on white paper, fuscous-dead black on black paper. The habit is almost that oi A. gracilis. The largest of this group, but very fragile. Among Stumps of a wooden pavement. Sibbertoft, 1870. Sept. Pileus at first sienna-brown, at length whitish, often transversely cracked. Stem fibrillose. Gills ventricose, B. ^ Br. Name — canda, a tail. Fur- nished with a tail-like root. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 449. Hyvi. Eur. p. 314. B. ^ Br. 11. 1261. Paul. t. \'2.\. f. I, 2, 778. A. pronus Fr. — Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, fuligi- nous when moist, hoa7y wlien dry, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate then hemispherical, very obtuse, smooth, pellucid- striate, obsoletely slightly silky-atomate when dry. Stem 4 cent. {1% in.) long, very ^sinXoso:, Jiliform, Jiexuous, lax, equal, very smooth, pruinose at the apex under a lens, becoming pale. Gills adnate, plane, somewhat triangular, distajit, 4 mm. (2 lin.) broad, livid-fuliginous, with black dots from the spores. Spores very dead black. In grassy places. Rare. Aug.-Oct. Name — pronus, prostrate. From the lax stem. Fr. Motiogr. i. p. 450. Hym. Eur. p. 315. Icon. t. 139. /l 3. B. kd' Br. n. 924. C. Hbk. n. 450. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 419, 779. A. empyreumaticus B. & Br. — Pileus 4 cent, (i^ in.) broad, rufous then becoming pale, hygrophanous, expanded, atomate ; margin crenate. Stem 6 cent. (2^ in.) long, 3 mm. {\Yz lin.) thick, narrowly but distinctly fistulose, silky- furfur- aceous, pallid. Gills adnate, with a decurrent tooth, broad, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, distant, connected by veins, rufous then brown- purple, pallid at the edge. Resembling A. confragosus so closely that, till the spores were observed, it was taken for that species. 346 AGARICUS. Psathyrella. On woodcn pavement. Sibbertoft, 1870. Oct. Name — e/ATrupo?, scorched. Burnt-scented. B. cf Br. 71. 1262. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 315. 780. A. atomatus Fr. — Pileus 1-2.5 cent. (K-i in.) broad, livid, when dry becoming pale tan or pale flesh colour, some- times reddish, hygrophanous, membranaceous, campanulate, ob- tuse, slightly striate, when dry without striae, slightly wrinkled, sprinkled with shining atoms. Stem 5 cent. (2 in.) long, almost 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, not rooted, lax, slightly bent (not tense and straight), white and white-pnlverulent at the apex. Gills adnate, broad, ventricose, slightly distant, distinct, whitish, but cinereous-l)lackish with the black spores. Solitary or gregarious. Pileus changing like A. gracilis from livid to whit- ish and rose-colour, but more fragile. In woods, hedges, &c. Common. July-Sept. Spores 14x9 mk. W.G.S. Name — atomatus, atomate. Sprinkled with shining atoms. Fr. Mo7iogr. \.p. 450. //>';;?. Eur. p. 315. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. 71. 451. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 420. Sau/id. &" S771. t. 37./. 3-6. 781. A. crenatus Lasch. — Pileus 18 mm.-2.5 cent, (^-i in.) broad, ochrey or rufescent then pale, hygrophanous, membran- aceous, hemispherical, sulcate, atomate, crettatc at the margin. Stem 4 cent, {lyi in.) long, somewhat curved, fragile, smooth, whitish, striate and mealy above. Gills adnate, somewhat ventri- cose, light yellowish-fuscous then blackish. Fragile. On the ground. Penzance. Name — crenatus, scalloped. Crenate at the margin. Lasch 71. 465. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 315. B. cf Br. 71. 2013. 782. A. disseminatus Pers. — Pileus whitish, or yellowish then changing into cinereous, commonly livid, the disc becom- ing yellow, membranaceous, oval then campanulate, at first scurfy, then smooth, silicate. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) or a little more long, fragile, fistulose, often curved, lax, somewhat flexuous, slightly scurfy then smooth, white. Gills adnate ascending, broad, but scarcely ventricose, white-cinereous then blackish. The stem often encircled at the base with the white mycelium expanded in a stellate manner. Densely crowded or cccspitose. Varying much in stature. The habit is that of Copriuus, very thin and soon wasting, but not becoming fluid. About stumps and on the ground. Common. May-Nov. Pileus about 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad. Often growing in multitudes. Spores COPRINUS. 347 8x6 mk. IV.G.S. Na.me—dtssemi?/L>, to scatter. Widely spread. Pers. Psathyrella. Sy». p. 403. Ff. Motiogr. i. p. 451. Hym. Eur. p. 316. Berk. Out. p. 176. C. Hbk. 71. 452. S. Mycol. Scot. ti. 421. Quel. t. 8./ 5. — A. major. Sow. t. 166. Paul. t. 123. /. 6. — B. minor, disc at length papillate. Fl. Dan. t. 1848. Schceff. t. 308" (quite young). Batschf. 3. Buxb. C. ii. t. 50. /. 5. Batt. t. 27. C. Genus II. — Montagnites (after Montagne). Fr. Epicr. p. 240. Montagnites. The universal veil forming a volva, persistent. Stem dilated at the apex into a plane round disc, even on both sides, to the mar- gin of which are adjixcd the gills which are free, not joined by any membrane, radiating, razor-shaped, persistent, obtuse at the edge. Trama cellulose. Spores oblong, even, black fuscous. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 319. No British species. V Genus III.— Coprinus {Koirpos, dung). Pers. Fr. Epicr. p. 241. Coprinus. Hymenophore separate from the stem. Gills membranaceous, at first closely pressed together and cohering, scissile, at length melting away into a black fluid. Trama obsolete. Spores oval, even, black. A very distinct and sharply de- fined genus. Fugacious fungi, most of them furnished with a floccose or furfuraceous universal veil. Gills linear or ventricose, whence the ori- ginal form of the pileus is cylindrical or ovate. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 320. The gills in this very natural genus are fully developed when the fungus first makes its appearance. The bio- logical difference of the gills, as compared with those of Agaricus, is much more remarkable than the characters which distinguish most genera. The species are of rapid growth, often ephemeral. They XXXVII. Coprinus coniattis. One-fourth natural size. 34^ AGARICINI. Copriniis. grow Oil rich and highly manured places, often on dung, some- times on decaying wood. Some are edible. Trib. I. Pelliculosi {pellicula, a thin skin). Gills covered above with a fleshy or membranaceous cuticle, and hence the pileus does not open into furrows along the gills, but becomes torn and revolute. * Comati {coma, hair : C. coniatus). Furnished xvith a ring art si?ig from the volva, the cuticle torn into scales. ** Atramentarii {atramentuin, ink : C. atrameiitarius). Somewhat ringed [but ?iot with a volva), pileus dotted or spotted with minute innate squa^nules. *** Picacei (/i/rr?, a magpie, pied: C. picaceus). Universal veil Jlocculose, at first co7itinuous, then broken up into superficial scales which form patches on the pileus. '"*"* Tomentosi {tomefitian , down : C. tomentosus). Pileus at first clothed with distinct fiocci or lax villous dow?i, which fall off and disappear. Ring none. ***** Micacei {mico, to glitter : C. micaceus). Pileus covered with small micaceous scales or granules, which fall off and disappear. Ring none. ****** Glabrati (glaber, smooth). Pileus smooth, without fioccose or mica- ceous sqziamules. Veil none. Trib. II. Veliformes {velum, a veil ; forma, form). Pileus very thin, with- out a pellicle, at length opening into furrows along the back of the gills, and becoming plicato-sulcate. Stem thin, fistulose. Gills melting away into very thin lines. * Cyclodei (xu'kXo?, a circle; etSos, appearance). Stem ajinulate or volvate. ** Lanatuli {lanatus, woolly). Pileus clothed with superficial, separatiftg fioccules, gills free. Ringless. *** Furfurelli {furfureus, branny). Pileus micaceous or furfuraceous, gills commonly adnate to the apex of the stem which {in some species) is dilated into a ring or collar. Ringless. **** Hemerobii {vH^epa, a day ; /3t6s, life). Pileus always smooth. Ri?igless. I. — Pelliculosi. Cuticle fleshy or membranaceous. * Comati. With a ring arising from the volva, &^c. 1. C. comatus Fr.— Pileus white, slightly fleshy, at the first cylindrical, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) high, and continuous, soon expanded, the cuticle separating into adpressed shaggy scales, the darker vertex remaining persistently entire, at length striate (but never sulcate) ; margin often unequal. Stem 20 cent. (8 in.) and more long, 12 mm. {Yz in.) and more thick, hollow but with spider-web threads within, 7'adiaio-bulbous when young, then attenuated upwards, fibrillose, shining, dingy or lilac-white. Ring comparatively thin, torn, moveable, at length vanishing. Gills free, separate from the stem, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, linear, white the?z becoming purple, and at length black and deliquescent. Spores globose. Ring sometimes persistent at the base in the form of a volva : Bolt. t. 54. In drier weather it becomes whiter as do also the gills : Paul. t. 128. On rich soil near roads, houses, &:c. Frequent. April-Oct. COPRINUS. 349 A very handsome plant, and easily identified by its fine cylindrical form, its Coprinus. soft clothy scales and snowy whiteness. Generally growing in considerable cjuantity. Edible ; tender and delicious. It should be gathered when the gills are white or just becoming tinged with pink, and not used when they be- come black. It makes excellent ketchup. Spores ellipsoid or sphaeroid- elhpsoid, 11-13x6-8 mk, K. ; 15x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — coma, hair. Shaggy, maned. Fr. Monogr. \. p. 452. Hyin. Eur. p. 320. Sverig. dtl. Sv. t. 87. Berk. Out. p. 177. C. Hbk. 71. 453. .S'. Mycol. Scot. n. 422. A. comatus /^/. Da?i. t. 834. Harz. t. 21. Grev. t. 119. Badh. i. /. 10. f. 2, ii. t. j.f. 1-3. Krombh. t. 30./. 15-21. Klotsch. Bor. t. 389. A. porcellanus Schceff. t. 46, 47. A. typhoides ^/^//. t. ^^2.. f. 2. A. fimetarius Bolt. t. 44. Ctirt. Land. t. 93. A. cylindricus Sow. t. 189. Batt. t. 26./. B. 2. C. ovatus Fr. — Pileus white, somewhat membranaceous, at the first ovate and densely imbricated with thick spreading con- centric scales, covered with an even hood at the apex, then ex- panded, striate. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, solid at the base, rooting", otherwise hollow, with spider-web threads within, attenuated upwards, flocculose, shining white. Ring not very conspicuous and soon vanishing. Gills free, then remote, slight- ly ventricose, at the first somewhat naked and remaining long shining white, at length uuiber-blackish, never becoming purple. r Smaller, thinner, less handsome than C. comatus. For the most part solitary. On rich ground. Woodnewton. Name — ovum, an ^g%. Egg-shaped. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 453. Hym. Eur. p. 320. B. cf Br. n. 925. C. Hbk. n. 454. Agaricus Schceff. t. 7. 3. C. sterquilinus Fr. — Pileus 7-5 cent. (3 in.) high, somewhat membranaceous, ovato-conical, then campanulate, scarcely ex- panded, obtuse, fragile, deeply sttlcate, the furrows forked, but at the same time silky-villous and squarrose on the disc luith diverg- ing imbricated scales, at length split at the margin. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick at the apex, hollow, but solid at the base, not rooted, zoned at the base with an oblique free volvaceous ring, attenuated upwards, fragile, fibrillose, white, not zoned internally. Gills free, slightly ventricose, 6 mm. (3 lin.) broad, purplish-umber. Widely removed from C. comatus, &c. The pileus is not as in these covered with a continuous hood at the apex. Stem becoming somewhat black when touched. On cow-dung. Rare. Aug. Name — sterquilinium, a dunghill. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 454. Hym. Eur. p. 321. Berk. Out. p. 177. C. Hbk. n. 455. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 423. Quel. t. 9. /. 2. .Agaricus Michel, t. 80. /. 3. 35© AGARICINI. Coprinus. ** Atramcntarii. Someivhat ringed {but not with a volva), &^c. 4. C. atramentarius Fr. — Pileus Itirid-fuligi7i07is, but becom- ing hoary with adpressed silky lustre, slightly fleshy, ovate, ob- tuse, wholly longitudinally and deeply silicate and ribbed, soft to the touch, repand-unequal at the margin, sqiianiulose o?i the disc, slightly adpressedly-silky at the sides. Stem at first ventricose, fusiform, attenuated shortly downwards, for a greater distance upwards, with angular furrows, a little longer than the pileus ; then elongato-attenuated upwards, 20 cent. (8 in.) long, 12 mm. (X in.) and more thick, firm, longitudinally fibrillose, ev^en at the apex, zoned w^ithin. Gills quite free, very ventricose, 12 mm. {}i in.) and more broad, at first cohering, whitish and flocculose at the edge, then becoming brown-black. Pileus when full grown become so even as at first sight to appear smooth, white-cinereous, with fuscous scales; it deliquesces as it expands, and does not become revolute. Flesh scissile, fuliginous. Size various, sometimes as large as the fist, but often less. The stem where the edge of the adpressed pileus touches it is thicker, in the form of an angular, incompletely ringed knot; the knot however vanishes and the stem becomes equal, nay bulbous. The gills when deliquescing stain abominably black. Commonly in very large clusters; very changeable according to age and situation. In fine weather it becomes whiter, as do also the gills : Paiil. t. 129. On rich soil by waysides, (S:c. Common. May-Nov. Very easily identified from the peculiar form of the stem. Spores ellipsoid or sphasroid-ellipsoid, 9-10X 6 mk. A". / 9x5 mk. IV.G.S. Edible. Name — atrainentum, ink. From its dissolving into an inky fluid. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 455- Hyyn. Eur. p. 322. Berk. Out. p. 177. /. 12./. i. C. Hbk. ?i. 456. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 424. Agaricus Bull. t. 164. Sow. t. 188. Ft. Dan. t. 1370. Badh. i. t. 10. f. i, ii. t. 9./. i, 2. Klotsch. Fl. Bor. t. 390. Vaill. Par, t. 12./; 10, II. Compare Schceff. t. 67, 68. 5. C. fuscescens Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) rarely 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, whitish, becoming fuscous at the disc, slightly fleshy at the middle, globose and ovate then expanded, and at length revolute when deliquescent, not sulcate., obtuse, unpolished, sqiiamulose on the disc. Stems fistulose to the base, equal (not ventricose when young), at first very short, soon elongated, 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, in its earliest stage only obsoletely rijiged tozuards the base., when full grown even and smooth. Gills free, very broad, semi-ovate, at the first white then umber. Caespitose, fragile. Stem slightly silky under a lens, though even and smooth to the nal. Hym. Eur. p. 323. ■**** Tomentosi. Pilcits at first clothed with distinct flocci, &^c. 10. C. exstinctorius Fr. — Pileus as much as 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, pale, the darker disc somewhat livid, somewhat mem- branaceous, clavate tJien canipaiiulate, striate at the margin; then riinosely split, expanded, scarcely revolute. Stem 10-12.5 cent. (4-5 in.) long, 6 mm. (3 lin.) thick, hollow, attenuated from the rooted base, becoming smooth, white, without a partial veil. Gills reaching the stem, narrow, lanceolate, white then fuscous- blackish. The covering of the pileus, arising from the universal veil, 'm Jloccoso-scaly, easily separating, not so dense as in C. fimetarius, &c., becoming bald from the margin to the vertex, whereas in C. fimetarius it becomes bald from the vertex towards the margin. For the most part solitary. Firmer than neigh- bouring species. On the ground. Rare. Sept. Name — cxstinctor, an extinguisher. From its shape. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 459. Hym. Eur. p. 324. Berk. Out. p. 178. C. Hbk. n. 462, 5'. Mycol. Scot. II. 427. Agaricus i??^'//. /. 437./. i. Paul. t. 124./'. 7. Bolt. t. 24? 11. C. fimetarius Fr. — Pileus membranaceous, thin, at first cylindrical, soon conical, at length revolute and torn at the margin, luhen young everytvhere covered with fioccoso-sguarrose white scales (from the universal veil) which separate from the vertex towards the circumference, at length naked, longitudinally cracked, but not opening into furrows, the vertex, which remains entire, livid. Stem about 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) and more thick, hollow, fragile, thickened and solid at the base, attenuated coPRiNus. 353 upwards, shining white and villous witli squainiilcs of the same Coprinus. colour. Gills free, reaching the stem, at first ventricose, then linear, Jlexiious, black. Stem when young curt and firmer. Var. B. macrorhiza : pilaus plumoso- scaly ; stem shorter, somewhat marginato-bulbous, rooted, villous (and often beaded with watery drops). Rather a singular young form than a true variety. Mich. t. 80./". 2. Var. C. pullata : pileus adpressedly scaly and tomentose, soon denuded, fuscous-blackish ; stem equal, becoming smooth. An old state. Bolt. t. 20. Sow. t. 262. On dung. Common. April, &;c. Sometimes there is a root as long as the stem, M.J.B. Spores sphaeroid- elhpsoid, 15-18 x 9-12 mk. A'. / 15 x 9 mk. W.G.S. Na.me^^metu?n, a dung- hill. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 459. Hym. Eur. p. 324. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 463, S. Mycol. Scot. ?i. 428. Hoffm. Ic. t. g. f. 2. A. cinereus Bull. t. 88, 12. C. tomentosus Fr.- Pileus 4 cent. {1% in.) high, grey white, somewhat membranaceous, cyli?idrical then conical ox x\2lX- rowly pyramidal, not expanded, striate and at length longitudin- ally cracked, covered over with thin flocculose somewhat persistent down. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, somewhat equal, at first eqitally covered over with thin white villous dow7i, thickened at the base when young. Gills free, linear, fuscous-blackish, at first white-micaceous at the edge. The stem is comparatively shortened. Very much allied to C. fimetarius, but smaller, scarcely caespitose, and very easily distinguished at first sight by its peculiar habit. On dung and rich pastures. Frequent. Sept. The coating sometimes peels off in broad patches, M.J.B. Name— tomefi- turn, flock. Downy. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 460, Hym. Evr. p. 325. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 464. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 429, Agaricus Bull. t. 138. Bolt. t. 156, Mich. t. 80./. 5. 13. C. niveus Fr. — Pileus 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, snow- white, somewhat membranaceous, at first ovate, soo?i ca?npa?iulato- expanded, not split before it becomes revolute and torn, inealy- floccose, often squamulose. Stem at first short, then elongated to 2.5-7.5 cent. (1-3 in.), 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, very fragile, attenuated upwards, covered over with snow-white down. Gills reaching the stem, adnexed, narrow, at first cohering, at length, when the pileus is split, here and there distant, blackish. It varies extremely in size, but in general is smaller than C. fimetarius, and often so delicate that it may easily be confounded with the floccose species of section Veliformes. It is distinguished from C. tomejitosiis, &c., chiefly by the snow-white down being someivhat persistent, and by the gills not being free. On horse and deer dung. Common. June-Nov. VOL. I. z 354 AGARICINI. Coprinus. It is often considerably smaller than indicated by Fries. Spores 10x12 mk, VV.G.S. Name — nix,snovf. Snow-white. Fr. Aloriogr. \. p. i^6o. Hytn. Eiir. p. 325. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. 7i. 465. -S". Mycol. Scot. n. 430. Agaricus Fl. Dati. t. 1671. Paul. t. 125./". 2. B. minor. Sow. t. 262. ***** Micacei. Pileics witJi micaceous sqiianudes, &^c. 14. C. micaceus Fr. inous, the even disc A. major. — Pileus at first yellow-ferrug- darker, at length date - brown - fuscous, somewhat membranaceous, undu- lato-lobed, rimosely split, striate, but not opening into furrows, at first covered with micaceous scales, smooth when these separate. Stems 7.5 cent. (3 in.) to as much as 20 cent. (8 in.) long, hollow and soft, even, at first ol)soletely white-silky then fibroso-fibrillose, whitish. Gills adnexed, lanceolate, linear in deli- quescing, isabelline, becoming brown at the ed^e. XXXVIII. Copriims micaceus. One-third natural size. B. minor. — Pileus yellowish - livid when moist, ferruginous-ochraceous when dry, date -brown at the disc, somewhat mem- branaceous, but scissile, oval then campan- \x\d.iQ, forked-sulcate, the furroius niicaceotis, soon split at the margin, but even at the disc. Stem equal, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, even, sometimes curved, becoming smooth, white. Gills white then livid, at first at the edge then wholly fuscous- blackish. Very changeable, for the most part casspitose. The stems are often angular, from mutual pressure, and sometimes when young have the thickened knot at the middle, as in C. atramentarius. In abnormal forms the pileus is unequal, ribbed-sulcate, transversely rimoso-squarrose. On stumps, the ground, &c. Common. April-Nov. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. ; lox 5 mk. IF./'. Name— w/c^, grain, granule. From the shining particles. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 461. Hym. Eur. p. 325. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 466. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 431. Agaricus Bull. t. 246. Fl. Dan. t. 1143. Klotsch. Fl. Bor. t. 376. Fl. Bat. t. 820. f. 3. Corda Sturm, xi. t. 49. In rainy weather somewhat deliquescent, pile- us soon naked, at length date-brown-fuscous. Bull t. 365. Schceff. t. 66. f. 4-6. In dry weather withering, pileus becoming pale, micaceous-squamulose, persistent. Bull. t. 246. Corda Sturm, xi. 19. /. 2. — Var. Icetior. A, con- gregatus Sow. t. 261. Grev. t. 76. Paul. t. 26. /. 3. 15. C. aratus B. & Br. — Pileus 7.5 cent. (3 in.) broad, umber, campanulate, deeply sulcate up to the darker disc, which is some- times wrinkled, sometimes even, sprinkled with large micaceous particles, revolute in decay. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) long, 5 mm. coPRiNus. 355 (2>< lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, slightly bulbous at Coprinus the base, straight, smooth, or rather minutely silky, snow-white, umber within. Gills separating, narrow, attenuated at either end, deep rich brown then black. Solitary, tall. A magnificent species, allied to C. micaceiis. Grooved like Agoricushiascens. The gills are at first attached, but so slightly that they easily part from the stem, so as to appear free ; but they are still connected at the base, as if there were a slight collar. In a hollow tree. King's Cliffe, i860, &c. May. Name — aro, to plough. Sulcate. D. Or' Br. //. 927. i956"'\ C. Hbk. n. 467. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 326. 16. C. radians Fr. — Pileus yellow-tawny, becoming pale, membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, micaceous, graimloso- scaly at the disc, striate at the margin. Stem fistulose, equal, naked, fibrilloso-rooti7ig at the base. Gills reaching the stem, somew^hat linear, w^hite then violaceous-black. Small, somewhat casspitose. Lycoperdon radiatum Soxi). t. 145 represents its early stage. On plaster walls. Uncommon. July. Pileusabout 5 cent. (2 in.) broad. Stem 4-5 cent. (1K-2 in.) long. Spores 7x8 mk. W.G.S. Name — radians, radiating. From the habit of the base. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 326. Berk. Out. p. 179. C. Hbk. n. 468. S. My col. Scot. Supp. Scot. Nat. 1881,/. 35. n. 2161. Agaricus Desviaz itt Ann. Sc. Nat. 13. /. \Q. f. I. 17. C. papillatus Fr. — Pileus 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) broad, fus- cous, disc darker, membranaceous, ovate then campanulate, at length flattened and revolute, torn, striate, scurfy and beset with viijiiite warts which are more crowded on the disc. Stem 2.5 cent, (i in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, smooth except at the base, hyaliiie-pelhicid., commonly pruinose at the apex with the spores. Gills few, free, but reachi7ig the stem, blackish. The smallest of the group, growing in troops, and less fugacious than the others. It approaches very near to the Veliformes, but is allied to C. mi- caccus, Sec, in the covering of the pileus. Var. oxygena : pileus whitish, in- clining to grey and as well as the stem sparingly flocculose. On dung and on the ground. Shrewsbury. 'SsLme—papi/ta, a teat. From the minute points on the pileus. Fr. Mon- 0^/'. i. /. 462. Hy?n. Eur. p. 326. B. er' Br. n. 1958. Agaricus BatscJi *-3f-X"X-jfTf G lab rati. Pileus smooth, &^c. 18. C. alternatus Fr. — Pileus 4 cent. {i}4 in.) broad, chalky- pallid, pale limber at the disc, somewhat fleshy, hemispherical. 356 AGARICINI. Coprinus. even, very smooth, discoid. Stem 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) long, hollow, attenuated from the thickened base where it is 8 mm. (4 lin.) thick, smooth, becoming" pale. Gills adnate, linear, cine- reous then black. Somewhat ccespitose. On the ground. East Dereham. Striped with alternate striae broad and narrow, M.J.B. Name — alto-- natus, alternate. From the strias. Fr. Hyin. Enr. p. 327. B. er" B): 71. 1957. Agaricus /^/. Dau. t. i(^6i. f. i. 19. C. deliquescens Fr. — Pileus 7.5-10 cent. (3-4 in.) broad, livid-fuliginous, membranaceous, ovato - campanulate then ex- panded, smooth, but papillate with niijuite points on the disc, never floccose or split, but revolute and striate, the stride broad, but not deep. Stem 10 cent. (4 in.) long, 4-8 mm. (2-4 lin.) thick, hollow, corticate, equally attenuated upwards, smooth, slmting white. Gills free, at length remote from the stem, very crowded, flexuous, very narrow, only i m. (j4 lin.) broad, lurid-blackish. Slightly firm. On stumps and among fallen leaves. Frequent. Aug. Sometimes confounded with C. atramentarius, M.J.B. Name — deliquesco, to dissolve. Deliquescing. Fr. Monogr. i. p. 463. Hym. Ekv. p. 327. Berk, Out. p. 180. C. Hbk. /i. 469. S. Mycol. Scot. 11. 432. Agaricus Bull, t. 558./". I. K lot sell. Fl. Bor. t. ofj6. II. — Veliformes. Pileus very thin, without a pellicle, &c. * Cyclodei. Stem annidate or volvate. 20. C. Hendersonii Berk. — Pileus 8-12 mm. (4-6 lin.) broad, apex brownish shaded into cinereous towards the margin, at first cylindrical then ovali-campanulate, at length plane, smooth, striate half-way up. Stem 4 cent. (iX in-) long, not 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, filiform, hollow, attenuated upwards, at length smooth, with a small erect entire ring. Gills free, rather distant, narrow, black. Pileus minutely granulated under a lens, margin folded. Gills powdered with the black spores, the extreme margin white. Looks like a small annulate A. dissemi?iatus. Extremely tender. On hotbeds and horse-dung. Rare. Feb. -Sept. Spores sphasrical, apiculate, 8-9 mk. Q. Name— after J. Henderson. Befk. Out. p. 180. t. 24./! 8. C. Hbk. )i. 470. S. Mycol. Scot. fi. 433. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 329. Agaricus Berk. Eng. Fl. v. p. 122. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. p. 26. /.I. coPRiNus. 357 ** Lanatuli. File us ivith superficial separating fioccules, &^c. Coprinus. 21. C. lagopus Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, whitish, disc livid, very tender, cylindrical then campanulate, when young deau- tifully floccose then naked, flattened and split, radiato-sulcate. Stem 12.5 cent. (5 in.) and more long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, very weak, very fragile, slightly attenuated at both ends, everywhere white-iuoolly. Gills at length remote, linear, black. A) nemorum (described above), in moist shady places in woods. B) viarinn, in open places among rubbish, approaching C. iiivcus, differing in the stem being 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, equally attenuated from the base, in the pileus when expanded being 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) broad, at first everywhere white- floccose, opening into furrows, occasionally squamulose, livid. Gills free but scarcely remote. Both forms inodorous. On rich soil and dung. Rare. Aug. Gills very close, mostly in one series, with a marginal one occasionally in- serted forming a second series, sometimes in three series, the intermediate ones very irregular in length, W.G.S. Name — \ayJj?, a hare; ttovs, afoot. Hare's-foot. From the woolly stem. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 465. Hyin. Eur. p. 329, Be7-k. Out. p. 180. C. Hbk. n. 472. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 434. SaiDid. dr' Sm. t. 19. 22. C. narcoticus Fr. — Pileus as much as 2.5 cent, (i in.) broad, white, conico-cylindrical, villous with recurved floccose scales., then flattened, denuded, striate, hyaline. Stem almost 5 cent. (2 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, at first villous, at length becoming smooth. Gills free, reaching the stem, white then blackish. Very tender. Of all the Hymenomycetes it has tlie strongest smell, narcotic- alkaline. On manure-heaps. Shrewsbury. Oct. Smell like that of Hygrophorus foetens, Phil. Spores 11x5 mk. W.P. Name — from its odour. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 465. Hyni. Eur. p. 329. Gre- villca, vol. viii. p. 97. Agaricus Batschf. 77. Pers. Myc. Eur. 3. /. 26./. 5. 23. C. macrocephalus Berk. — Pileus rather more than 12 mm. {Yz in.) broad, apex brown shaded off into slate-colour on the margin, at first cylindrical, then cylindrico-campanulate, sprinkled with pointed scales. Stem 2.5-5 cent. (1-2 in.) long, 4 mm. (2 lin.) thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, dirty white, clothed with short cottony down, and with longer, sometimes deflexed, loose fibres, strigose at the base. Gills linear, perfectly free, at length black. Scales adpressed or patent. Spores elliptic. On putrid dung. Rare. March, Sept. 358 AGARICINI. Coprinus. Name — jaaxpo?, long ; /cec^aArj, head. Long-headed. Berk. Out. p. i8o. C. Hbk. n. 471. S. Mycol. Scot. n. 435. Fr. Hyvi. Eur. p. 329. Agaricus Berk. Eng. Fl. \. p. \'2'2. 24. C. nycthemerus Fr. — Pileus 8 mm. (4 lin.) broad, grey, disc fuscous, at first cylindrico-conical, soon opening into furrows and flattened, 12 mm, {Yz in.) and more high, ivheji yotntg ftiffur- aceo-floccidose, at length naked and forked-striate. Stem 4 cent. {lYz in.) long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, flaccid, equal, smooth, becoming pale-white. Gills free, at first crowded, at le7igth remote, distant, narrow, linear, blackish. Very tender. Wry much allied to C. ephemerits. On dung. Rare. Name— n/x^Wfpo", a day and a night. From its duration. Fr. Monogr. i. /. 465. Hym. Eur. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. n. 473. Bull. t. 542./. D. (under A. ephemerus). 25. C. radiatus Fr. — Pileus 2-6 mm. (1-3 lin.) broad, dingy yelloiuish., the darke?' disc rufescent., very thin, clavate then cam- panulate, soon opening into furrows, flattened, 7-adiato-plicate, at first covered with cinereous down, soon naked. Stem scarcely reaching 2.5 cent, (i \\\l), filiform, hyaline, becoming smooth, when young often pruinate. Gills free, few, very distant when the pileus is split, pallid-blackish. The most tender of all, fugacious, withering up with a breath ; growing in troops. On horse-dung. Common. May-Nov. Often overlooked because withered up after sunrise. Spores ellipsoid- sphasroid, 8-10x6-8 mk. K. ; 6-8 mk. W.G.S. Name — radio, to shed beams. From the radiating folds on the pileus. Fr. Mo7iogr. \. p. 466. Hym. Eur. p. 330. Berk. Out. p. 181. C. Hbk. 71. 474. S. Mycol. Scot. ;/. 436. Agaricus Bolt. t. 39./. C. Bull. t. 542. L. and E — H. 26. C. Spraguei Berk. — Pileus campanulate then conical, tomentose, plicate. Stem fistulose, pale cinnamon. Gills few, narrov/. Very delicate. The difference between it and C. plicatilis as regards the spores is very striking. In gardens. King's Cliffe. July. Spores narrow, subcymbiform, Uinn in. long, M.J.B. Name — after Charles J. Sprague. Btrk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 478. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 330. ■H-st* Furfurelli. Pileus micaceous or fonfuraceous, &^c. 27. C. domesticus Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) h\:o2i(\, fuliginous, disc date-brown, thin, ovate then c2im^^n\i\2XQ,fu7fu7-aceo-squa?n- coPRiNus. 359 idose, then opening into furrows and flattened, midulato-siilcate, Coprinus disc obtuse, even. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) long, 4-6 mm. (2-3 lin.) thick, fistulose, slightly firm, attenuated upwards, adpressedly silky, becoming even, white. Gills ad?7exed, at first crowded, dis- tant when the pileus is split, linear, white then reddish, at length fuscous-blackish. A larger and more remarkable species than all the neighbouring ones. On damp carpets, in cellars, ^ partly. 2. B. Boltonii Fr. — Pileus yellow becoming pale, slightly fleshy, at first conical, viscous, at first ev'en, then with the mem- branaceous margin sulcate, the dcwke}' disc somezuhat dep7'essed. Stem attenuated, becoming yellow, at the first Jioccidose with the fugacious cortina. Gills somewhat adnate, light yelloiu then be- coming livid-fuscons. Spores brown-fuscous. Pileus at length withering and becoming like paper. Distinct from B. fragilis in the cortina being manifest wheii young, in the darker disc of the pileus being depressed, and in the gills being somewhat ad- nate and light-yellozu-livid then becoming fuscous. On dung. Uncommon. May-Sept. Spores subsph?eroid-ellipsoid, 14x8 mk. K ; 7x5 mk. IV. P. Name — after Bolton. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 333. Mouogr. i. p. 471. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. n. 481. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 441. Agaricus Bolt. t. 149. 3. B. fragilis Fr. — Pileus 5 cent. (2 in.) broad, liglit yellow, then becoming pale, somewhat membranaceous, almost pellucid, conical then expanded, somewhat umbonate, smooth, viscous, striate ronnd the margin (which is often crenulated). Stem 7.5 cent. (3 in.) long, 2 mm. (i lin.) or little more thick, fistulose, attenuated upwards, naked., smooth (and without a manifest veil), yellow. Gills attenuato-adnexed, almost free, \^w\.x\zos^, yellow then pale cinnamon. Spores ferruginous. Thinner than B. Boltonii, he, very fragile, rapidly withering. On dung. Common. June-Sept. Spores subsphaeroid-ellipsoid, 14-15x8-9 mk. K. 'Ssme— fragilis, fragile. Fr. Mouogr. i. p. 471. Hym. Eur. p. 334. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. ?i. 482. 5. Mycol. Scot. n. 442. Hoffm. Ic. t. 21. f. 2. A. equestris Bolt. t. 65. Sow. t. 96. 4. B. titubans Fr. — Pileus 2.5 cent, (i in.) or less broad, mem- branaceous, ovato-campanulate when young, even, ihtn fiatte?ied and split, diaphanous, slightly viscid, the evened disc light yellow, the paler margin plicate or rufescent-striate. Stem 5-7.5 cent. (2-3 in.) and more long, scarcely 2 mm. (i lin.) thick, fistulose, equal, even, shilling, yellowish. Veil none. Gills adnexed, dis- BOLBITIUS. 363 tant when the pileus is split, 2 mm. (i lin.) broad, alternate, at first Bolbitius. pu7'plish, then fuscous-flesh-colour. Very tender and fragile, smooth, tremulous-wavering, soon wasting away. Among grass in rich manured soil, &c. Common. May-Oct. Pileus yellow, but soon presenting the salmon-tint of the gills, AI.J.B. Spores 8 X4mk. U'.G.S. Name — titubans, shaking. Wavering-tremulous. Fr. Monogj: i. p. ^yi. Hym. Eur. p. 334. Berk. Out. p. 182. C. Hbk. 11. 483. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 443. Agancus Bull. t. 425. Sow. t. 128. 5. B. apicalis Smith. — Pileus 18 mm. (^ in.) high, brown, disc ochraceous, membranaceous, striate from the first then plicate, liable to split, disc somewhat fleshy, obscurely umbonate. Stem about 5 cent. (2 in.) long, hollow, striate, white, minutely pruin- ose under a lens. Gills somewhat broad, ventricose, free, at first pressed to the stem, brown. The difference in colour between the two parts of the pileus is defined by a distinct line. In pastures. Staplehurst. Early summer. Spores 9X 6 mk. W.G.S. Name — fro"T the singularly defined rt/^.v. Smith in C. Hbk. n. 484. Fr. hym. Eur. p. 334. 6. B. tener Berk. — Pileus white, moist, conical, elongated. Stem white, bulbous at the base. Gills attenuated behind, near- ly free, salmon-coloured. Very delicate. At first looking like a dry specimen of A. tener. On lawn and rich ground. Uncommon. Sept. Stem as much as 5 cent. (2 in.) long, not distinctly bulbous. Pileus, in specimens I have seen, flesh-colour then whitish, Fr. Spores 12 x 5 mk. W.P. Name— te7zer, tender. Berk. Out. p. 183. /. 12. /. 2. C. Hbk. u. 485. S. Mycol. Scot. 71. 444. Fr. Hym. Eur. p. 335. Ico7/. t. 130. f. 4. Bolb. albipes Fr. Mo7iogr. ii. /. 306. 7. B. rivulosus B. & Br. — Pileus about 4 cent. (iX i"-) broad, tan-colour, campanulate, rivulose. Stem attenuated upwards. Gills narrow, cinnamon. \'ery different from any other known species. On earth in an orchard house. Chiswick, 1876. Jul}-. Name — 7-ivula, a small stream. From the rivulose pileus. B. 6^ Br. 71. 1773. INDEX. Page Agabicus Ziuji.— continued Agaricus Linn. 2 aiuianthinus Sco2}. . abiegnus B. & Br. . 158 aniictus Fr. . abhorrens B. d- Br. 159 ammouiacus Fr. abstrusiis Fr. . 279 ainniophilus Diir. & Mont. acerbus Bull 60 auguineus Fr. acerinus Fr 173 angustissiraus Lasch acerosus Fr 177 aniiularius Bull. . acervatus Fr 110 antipus Lasch acicula Scho'ff. 141 apicreus Fr. . acicularis Hoffni. . 150 appeudiculatus Bull. acuininatus Fr. . . . 342 applanatus Pers. . ai-utesquainosus Weinm. 16 applicatus Batsch . adiposus Fr 232 aquosus Bull. ddruUns Schum. 10 aratus Berk. . adnatus Smith 12 arcuatus Bull. Adonis Bull 126 ardosiacus Bull. adpressus Brig. 287 areolatus Kh . aigerita Fr 228 argiUaceus Pers. airuginosus Curt 809 argyraceus Bull. ietliiops Fr 208 argyrospernms Bull. tetites Fr 137 aridus Pers. . affiais Pers 252 Arrhenii Fr. . ajfricatus Fr 155 arundinaceus Bull. aggregatus Sclurff. . 79 arvalis Seer. . agrarius Fr 326 ar rails Letell. albellus Fr 56 arvensis Sducff. alliellns Scliieff. . . . . 203 asper Fr. albellus Sow 57 asprellus Fr. . albobrunueus Perg. 40 asterosporus Quel. . (tlbocrenatus Jungh. 251 astragal inns Fr. albo-cyaneus Desm 310 atomatus Fr. . albo-cyaneus Saund. & Sm. . 313 atratus Fr. albus Bull 227 atricapillus Batscli albus Schceff. .... 59 atrides Lasch . aleuriatus Fr. 290 atro-albus Bolt. algidus Fr 180 atro-ceerulens Fr. . alkalinus Fr 134 atro-cinereus Pers. alneus Schffilf. 179 atro-cyaneus Batsch alnicola Fr 270 atro-jiunctus Pers. . alutaceus Batscli 203 atro-rufus Bolt. alveolus Lasch 300 atro-rufus Sclueff. . amarella l^ers. . 73 atro-squamosus Chev. amarus Bull. .... . 270 aulacimis Fr. . amarus Fr . 72 auraiitio-inargiuatus Fr. ambustus Fr . 117 aureus Mattusch. . anieides B. £ Br. . . 195 aureus Schieft'. amethystlnus Bolt. . . 96 aureus Sow. . amethystinus Scojj. . 57 auricomus Batsch . Page . 24 . 138 . 135 . 327 . 277 . 93 . 32 . 292 272 '. 323 . 301 . 181 . 112 . 344 59 . 195 . 325 . 252 . 47 48 . 287 , 225 , 107 , 283 284 , 305 9 211 , 248 , 269 , .S46 . 116 , 188 219 132 , 179 . 49 . 183 , 219 , 293 . 328 . 47 . 336 . 123 . 222 . 35 . 232 . 249 INDEX. 365 AoARicrs Linn. — continued. Page Agaricus ii?i7i.— continued. Page aurivellus Batsch .... 229 i-arptus Scop 244 aurivellus Fl. Bor. . 229 cartilagineus Brill. . . 48 austriacnis Tratt. . 102 cascus Fr. 321 autochtlionus B. & Br. 299 catinus Fr. . 87 Babingtonii Blox. , 213 candatus Fr. . 345 Badhami B. & Br. . 17 caiilicinalis Bull. . . 103 badipes Fr. . 282 Cecil ice B. & Br. . . 12 badipus Pers. . . 283 centunculus Fr. . 278 hadhis Scliseff. 11 ceptestipes Soic. 22 balaninus Berk. . 121 cerinus Pers. . . 54 Batschianus Fr. . . 194 cernuus -FL Dan, . . 330 Bellite Johnst. 163 cerodes Fr. . 280 bellus Pcrs. . . 95 cerussatus Fr. . 75 bifrons Berk. . 334 ceTvinns Schn'ff. . 187 biornatus B. & Br. 18 chalybreus Pers. . 209 hlandus Berk. 66 chelidonius Fr. . 143 Bloxami Berk. 194 chlmonophilus B. & Br. 303 bombycinus Scho'ff. 183 chioneus Pers. . 182 Bongardii IVeinm. . . 244 chloropolius Fr. . 211 brevipes Bull. . 65 cMoroticus J imgh. . . 131 Broadwoodise B. £ Br. 24 cliondrodermus B. <£■ Br . 326 brumalis Fr. , ' . 91 chrysoleuctis Pers. . . 158 hrunneo-viUosus Jungh. . 245 chrysophseus Sclia'ff. . 190 buccinalis Sow. , 165 chrysophyllus Fr. . . 153 Bucknalli B. & Br. 25 cidaris Fr. . 276 bufonins Pers. . 53 ciliaris Bolt. . . 338 hulbigenus B. !9 citrinellus Pers. 146 caliginosus Jungh. 341 citrino-alhus Vitt. . 5 calolepis Fr. . 302 civilis Fr. 61 campanella Batscli . . 160 Clarkii B. & Br. . . 251 campanulatus Bolt. . 361 claviceps Fr. . . 257 campanulatus Bull. . 292 clavicularis Fr. . 145 campanulatus Linn. 340 clavipes Pers. . 70 camfa nulatns Schftif. 294 claims Batsch . 257 campestris Linn. . 306 clavus Bolt. 141 camittophyllus Berk. 161 clavus Brig. 110 canal Iculatus Sclium. 70 clavus Linn. . 113 cancrinus Fr. 204 clivensis B. & Br. . 331 candicans Pers. 77 clivulorum Letell. . 325 canilicans Schfeflf. . 226 clusilis Fr. 119 CandoUeanus Fr. . 322 clypeatus Linn. 198 caperatus Pers. 223 clyiteolarius Brill. . 19 aqnllaris Fl. Dan. . 139 coccineus Sow. 124 capillaris Schurn. . 150 ccelestinus Fr. 217 capistratus Cke. 228 cohserens Fr. . l-_'8 capniocephalus Bull. 262 collariatus Fr. 140 capnoides Fr. 317 collimis Larbr. 125 caput-MedusH- Fr. . 314 collinus Scop. . 106 carhonurius Batsch 340 colossus Fr. . 38 carbonarius Fr. 268 coluinbetta Fr. 44 carcharias Pers. 22 colwnhinus Bull. 209 carneo-albus With. 205 C'llumhitius Sow. 209 carneo-griseus B. & lir. . 218 coiiMtus Fl. Dan. 349 carneolus Fr. . 55 comosus Fr. . 228 carneus Bull. . 55 compactus Sow. 40 carno.'ius Sow. 100 comptulus B. & Br. 329 carpophilus Fr. 289 coniptus Fr. . 329 366 AoARicus Linn. — contiuued. comtulus Fr. . concavus Scop. confertus Bolt. conflueiis Pers. confragosus Fr. rongregatus Sow. conigenus Pers. conissans Fr. . conopileus Fr. conspersus Pers. constrictus Fr. Cookei Fr. coprophilus Bull. coracinus Fr. . corrugis Pers corticalis Bull, corticatus Fr. corticatus Sauiid. & Sm, corticola Srhuvi. costatus Fr. . craspedius Fr. crassifolius Berl: crc.ssipes Sch;tff. crenatus Lasch eretaceus Ball, cretaceus Fr. . c^etatu!^ B. £ Br. cristatus A. it S. crlstatus Harz. crobulus Fr. . crocatus Sclirad. croceiis Bolt. . cruentus Fr. . crustiliniformis Bull. ciyptaruiii Letell. cuciiinis Pers. cuueifolius Fr. cupularis Bull. Curreyi Berk. . curvipes Fr. . cyanopliaius Fr. cyatliifonnis Fr. cylindricus Sow. qinotis Pers. . cyphellasformis BerJc. dealbatus Soio. debilis Fr. decastes Fr. . decipiens Smith deglubens Fr. delicatus Fr. . demi.ssns Fr. . (lenigratits Fr. denticulo.tus Bolt, depluens Batsch descissus Fr. . destrictus Fr. diatretus Fr. . difTormis Schum. dimiilioMs Bull. dlhddiat'us Schteff. directus B. ;iiuti SmitJi . 28 hypnorum Batsch . 294 geotropus Bull. . 85 hystrix Fr 238 gigantevs Leys. & Auct. 82 icterhius Fr _ 215 gigantens Sow. 82 illinitus Fr ' 27 gilvo-hrnnneus Jungh. 292 inibrieatus Fr. 45 gilvus Pers. 84 imnmndus Berk. 46 gilvus Schseff. 256 impolitus Schum. . . . • 96 glareosus B. & Br. . . 336 inamceuus Fr. 53 glaucophyllus Lasch . 156 inauratus Smith 271 glaucvs Bull. . 207 iucanus Fr 210 glohuUfer Brond. . 106 incilis Fr 83 gloiocei)halus Dec. FL 185 infiila Fr 216 gloiodennus Fr. 26 infuuiatus B. £ Br. 159 glutinusuri Curt. 314 iiifu7idlhulif(irriiis Bull. S6 glutinosus Lind. . 256 infiindibulil'ormis Sclwff. 82 gnaphalio-cephalus Bull. 254 ingratus Schum 104 Goliath Br. . 29 innocuus Lasch 279 Gordoni B. en/(. 278 Postii Fr. 153 rivulosus Pers. 75 precox Pers. . 226 robustus A. d; S. . 30 pravus Lusch . 54 roridus Fr. 146 procerus Scoj^. 13 rosellus Batscli 96 proliferus Fr. 128 roselliTS Fr. . 124 pronus Fr. 345 roseiis Fl. Dan. 125 protractus Fr. 118 roseus Pers. 125 pruinosus Lasch 90 ruhens Scop. . . . 8 prunuloides Fr. 192 rubescens Pers. 8 prunulus Scoi). 202 rubi Berk. 302 prnnubis Viv. 202 rubidus Berk. . 217 psaramicola B. & Br. 129 rubiginosus Pers. . 294 psathyroides Cke. . 107 rubricatus B. & Br. 279 pseudo-androsaceus BuJ I. '. 159 rubro-marginatus Fr. 124 •psew-lo-dypeoAvs Bolt. . 133 rufo-canieus Berk. . 215 pseudo-punis Cke. . 125 rufulus B. & Br. . 157 pterigeiius Fr. 148 mfus Pers. 46 puhesceHS Sow. 179 rugosus Fr. 129 pudicus BiiU. . 227 rusticus Fr. . 156 jmella Gonn. & Rab. 6 Ruthse B. & Br. . 170 puellaris Fr. . 15 rutilans Sclueff. 42 pullatus Berk. & Che. 133 sacchariferus B. d- Br. 148 pulmonarius Fr. . 174 Sadleri B. & Br. . 96 pulverulent us Bull. 271 sagarum Seer. 104 2mlvinatus Bolt. 11 salicinus Pers. 189 pumilus Bull. 127 salignus Abb. d. Scliw. 173 purailus Fr. . 237 sambucinus Fr. 250 pjumilus Sow. . 143 sauguinolentiis A. d: .S". 142 punctatus Fr. 257 sapineus Fr. . 272 'purpureus Pers. 54 saponaceus Fr. 48 purus Pers. 125 Saundersii Fr. . 195 pusUlus Pers. ISo scabelhis A. & S. . 103 ptusiUns Schgeff. 284 scabellus Fr. . . 252 j)usiolus Fr. . 281 scaber Miill. . 242 putidus Fr. . 68 scalpturatus Fr. 44 pygmeo-affinis Fr. . 293 scanibus Fr. . . 274 pyriodorus Pers. . 242 Schiefferi B. d- Br. . . 317 pyrotrichus Holmsk. 320 Scliumacheri Fr. . 58 pyrrhospermv.s Bull. 190 scobicola B. d: Br. . . 332 pyxidatus Bull. . 154 scobinaceus Fr. 315 quinquepartitus Fr. . 37 scolecinus Fr. 281 racemosus Pers. . 106 sejunctus Sow. . 35 rachodes Vitt. . 14 semiflexus B. & Br. 279 radicatus Belli. . 97 semiglobatus Batsch 314 radicosus Bull. . 226 semilanceatus Fr. . . 329 Ralfsii B. & Br. . . 303 seminudus Lasch . . 25 ramentaceus Bull. . . 30 semiorbicularis Bxdl. . 284 ramentaxeus Krotnbli. . 23 semiovatus Sow. . 338 ramoso-radicoMs Bolt. . 272 semitalis Fr. . . 99 rancidus Fr. . . 114 seniivestitus B. d: Br. . 335 ravidus Fr. . 296 senescens Batsch . 259 relicinus Fr. . . 239 senilis Fr. . 87 reniiormis Fr. . 176 separatus Linn. . 338 Rennyi B. d; Br. . 245 septicits Fr. . . 178 repandus Bull. . 193 sericellus Fr. . . 197 repawlus Fr. . . 246 sericeus Bull . . 200 repens Fr. . 98 sericeus Krombh. . . 44 resplendens Fr. . 37 sericeus Pers. . . 201 resutus Fr. . 196 serico-cephalus Letell. . 186 reticulatus Pers. . 289 serotinus .Sc/(r«f?. . . 175 retirugis Fr. . . 340 serratus Bolt. . . 42 retostus Fr. . . 159 serrulatus Pers. . 208 revolutus Kickx. . 173 ses.nlis Bull. . . 221 INDEX. 371 Agaricus LiiMi.— continued. Page i Agaricus Li/iw.— continued. Page setosus Sow . 149 strobiliuus Fr 124 sideroides Bull. . 282 1 stylobates Pers. 147 silaceus Pers. . 316 suavis Lasch . 211 silvaticus Scho'ff. . . 307 subalutaceus Batsch 74 silvicola Vitt. . 307 suhantiqiiatus Batsch 20 sinapizans Fr. . 259 subatratus Fr. 343 sindonius Fr. . 251 subbalteatus B. <£• Br. . 341 sinuatus Fr . 192 subcavus Schum. . 32 sinuosiis Saund. & Sm. . . 192 subcollariatus B. & Br. . 259 siparius Fr . 287 subinvolutus Batach 84 sistratus Fr . 25 suhinvoluttis Saund. & Si n. . 85 sobrius Fr . 286 1 sublateritius Scha'ff. 317 socialis Fr . 72 subluteus FL Dan. 234 solitarius Bull. 7 subpalmatus Fr. . 168 soUtariux Gonn. & Rab. 4 subpulverulentus Pers. . 66 solstitialis Fr. . 208 subscssilis Fl. Dan. ISO sordidus Fr 6(5 subsquarrosus Fr. . 231 Sowerhei Krombh. . . 203 succineus Fr. . 108 spadiceo-griseus Scha'ff. . 334 : sudorus Fr. . 130 spadiceus Fr. . 329 sxdcatus Lindgr. 255 sparteus Fr . 293 sulphureus Bull. . 52 spatliulahis Pers. . . 174 , superhus Jungh. 333 speciosus Fr . 185 Swartzii Fr. . 163 speciosus Klotscli. . . 186 tabaeinus Dec. 2S4 spectabilis Fr. . 231 Taylori Berh. . 184 speculum Fr. . 201 telmatiffius Berk <£• Cke. . 155 speireus Fr . 140 temperatus B. <£• Br. 185 spermaticus Fr. . 38 temulentus Fr. 286 sphcerosporus Krombh. . . 21 tenacellus Pers. lie sphagnicola Berk. . . 155 tenax Fr. 285 sphaguorum Pers. . . 295 tenellus Fr. . 141 spliinctrinus Fr. . . 340 tener Sclurff. . 291 spiloleucus Krombh. . 255 tenerrimus Berk. . 147 spilopus B. d- Br. . . 190 tenuis Bolt. 138 spinulosus SUv. & Sm. . . 84 tenuis Sow. 140 spissus Fr. 8 Terreii B. & Br. 23 splendens Fl. Dan. . . 33 terreus Scha?ff. 46 splendens Pers. . 85 terrigenus Fr. 224 spodochrous Pers. . . 119 tesquorum Fr. 118 sp)odoleuc%LS Fr. . 171 tessulatus Bull. 168 si)ongiosus Fr. . 167 testaceus Batsch 256 spiuuosus Fr. . 268 testudineiis Pers. . 59 squamosus Bull. . 230 Thompsoni B. £ Br. . 198 squamosus Fr. . 312 thraustus Kcdchbr. . 312 sipiarrosus Bull. . 298 tigrinus Scha'ff. . 57 squarrosus Miill. . . 230 tintinnabulum Fr. . 132 stugninus Fr. . 298 togularis Bxdl. . 225 stanneus Fr. . . 137 togidaris Fr. . . 225 stans Fr. . 41 tornatus Fr. . . 77 stellatus Fr. . . 160 tortilis Bolt. . . 96 .stercorarius Fr. . 314 trechisporus Berk. . . 253 Stevenson! B. & Br. . 107 tremulus Sclurff. , . . 177 stilbocephalus B. & Br. . 205 trepidus Fr. . . 344 stipatus Fl. Dan. . . 334 tricholoma A. £ S. . 254 stipitarius Fr. . 103 tricolor Tratt. . 268 stipitis Sow. . . 32 trilohus Bolt. . 11 stipticus Fl. Dan. . . 175 Trinii Weinm. . 250 stolonifer Jungh. . . 110 tri Scopus Fr. . . 283 storea Fr. . 319 Trogii Fr. 75 strangulatus Fr. . 11 trulheformis Fr. . 82 striiepes Cke. . . 282 truucatus Schfrff. . . 261 striiepileus Fr. . 154 tuba Fr. . 88 .striatulus Fr. . 181 tuberculosus Scha'ff. . 233 striatulus Pers. . 221 tuberosus B^dl. . 100 striatus Bull. . . 360 tumidus Pers. . 51 strintus Scha.'ft'. . 40 tumulosus Kalchhr. . 81 strobiliformis Goim. and Ral 9 turgidus Grev. . 70 strobiliforiuis Vitt. 1 tylicolor Fr. . 119 37^ IND EX. Agaricus Linn — continued. Page Agaricus Lin n. — continued. Page typhoides Bull 349 vulgaris Pers. . , 145 udus Pers. 325 Whitei B. & Br. . . 253 ulmarius Bull. 167 Worthingtonii Fr. . . 313 umbelliferus Linn. 158 Wynnei B. & Br. . . 199 nvibelliferus ScliaifF. 137 xanthopus Fr. . 108 umbilicatus Bull. 119 xerampelinus Sow. . . 42 umbilicatus Schceff. 152 xylopMlus Sow. . 337 umbratilis Fr. 162 xylophilus Wcinm. . 101 umbrosus Fers. 188 zephirus Fr. . . 126 undatus Berk. 103 undatus Fr. . 204 BoLBiTius Fr. . . 361 unicolor Fl. Dan. 236 albipes Fr. . 363 uniformis Pers. 241 apicalis Smith . 363 urticsecola B. tO Br. 337 Boltonii Fr. . . 362 ustalis Fr. . 40 fragilis Fr. . 362 vaceinus Pers. 45 hydrophilus Fr. . 361 vaginatus Bull. 11 rivulosus B. d- Br. . . 363 Vahlii Schum. 223 tener BerJc. . 363 valgus Holrask. 158 titubans Fr. . . 362 variabilis Pers. 220 variegatus Scoj). . 42 CopRiNu.s Pers. . . 347 varms Bolt. . 342 alternatus Fr. . 355 vatricosus Fr. . 253 aphthosus Fr. . 351 velutinus Pers. 321 aratus B. &• Br. . 354 velutipes Curt. . 102 atramentarius Fr. . . 350 venenosa Pers. 5 comatus Fr. . . 348 ventricosus Bull. 107 cothurnatus Godey . . 360 venustissimus Fr. . 73 deliquescens Fr. . . 356 venv.stns Viv. . . ISO domesticus Fr. . 358 verecundus Fr. . 216 epheraerus Fr. . 359 vermicularis Fr. . 87 extinctorius Fr. . 352 vernicosus Fr. 73 filiforniis B. <£• Br. . . 360 vernus Ball. . 4 fimetarius Fr. . 352 verrucosus Bull. 8 flocculosus Fr. . 351 verruculosus Lasch , 231 fuscescens Fr. . 350 versicolor With. S09 hemerobius Fr. . 360 versipellis Fr. 258 Hendersonii Berk. . . 356 vertirugis Cke. 103 lagopus Fr. . . 357 vervacti Fr. . . 283 macrocephalus Berk. . 357 vestitus Chev. 288 micaceus Fr. . . 354 ^ilis Fr. . 205 narcoticus Fr. . 357 villosus Bolt. . 229 niveus Fr. . 353 vinosus Bull. . 265 nycthenierus Fr. . . 358 vinosus Corda 333 ovatus Fr. . 349 violo.cev.s Sow. 62 papillatus Fr. . 355 virgatus Fr. . 52 picaceus Bull. . 351 riridis Pers. . 4 plicatilis Fr . 359 virosus Fr. 3 radians Fr . 355 virosus Gonu. & Ra b. 5 radiatus Fr . 358 rirosus Vitt. . 4 similis B. ct Br. . 352 vitilis Fr. 139 soeiatus Fr . 359 vitreus Fr. 137 Spraguei Berk. . 358 Vittadinii Fr. 20 sterquilinus Br. . 349 vittaiformis Fr. 294 tomentosus Fr. . 353 volvaceus Bull. 183 volvaceus minor Bu 1. 186 MONTAGNITES, . . 347 THE END. PKINTEU BY WILLIAM liLACKWOOU AND SONS. HORTICULTURAL WORKS. New and Enlarged Edition. 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